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Gerling-Driessen UIM, Hoffmann M, Schmidt S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycopolymers against pathogen infection. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2617-2642. [PMID: 36820794 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites continue to shape our lives in profound ways every day. As we have learned to live in parallel with pathogens, we have gained a better understanding of the rules of engagement for how they bind, adhere, and invade host cells. One such mechanism involves the exploitation of host cell surface glycans for attachment/adhesion, one of the first steps of infection. This knowledge has led to the development of glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of infection. One class of compounds that has become increasingly important are the glycopolymers. Glycopolymers are macromolecules composed of a synthetic scaffold presenting carbohydrates as side chain motifs. Glycopolymers are particularly attractive because their properties can be tuned by careful choice of the scaffold, carbohydrate/glycan, and overall presentation. In this review, we highlight studies over the past ten years that have examined the role of glycopolymers in pathogen adhesion and host cell infection, biofilm formation and removal, and drug delivery with the aim of examining the direct effects of these macromolecules on pathogen engagement. In addition, we also examine the role of glycopolymers as diagnostics for the detection and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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2
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Namazi H, Pooresmaeil M, Oskooie MN. New glyco-copolymers containing α-D-glucofuranose and α-D-mannofuranose groups synthesized by free-radical polymerization of sugar-based monomers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Bhattacharya K, Kalita U, Singha NK. Tailor-made Glycopolymers via Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Design, Properties and Applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the underlying mechanism of biological interactions using glycopolymer is becoming increasingly important owing to their unique recognition properties. The multivalent interactions between lectin and glycopolymer are significantly influenced by...
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4
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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5
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Thomas B, Yan KC, Hu XL, Donnier-Maréchal M, Chen GR, He XP, Vidal S. Fluorescent glycoconjugates and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:593-641. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent glycoconjugates are discussed for their applications in biology in vitro, in cell assays and in animal models. Advantages and limitations are presented for each design using a fluorescent core conjugated with glycosides, or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Thomas
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie
- UMR 5246
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
| | - Kai-Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Marion Donnier-Maréchal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie
- UMR 5246
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie
- UMR 5246
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
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6
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Sun P, Deng H, Zhou L, Wu Y, Jin X, Tong G, Yu X. “Bottom-Up” Fabrication of BODIPY-Functionalized Fluorescent Hyperbranched Glycopolymers for Hepatoma-Targeted Imaging. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1700381. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Linzhu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai China
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Diabetes Ward; Fengxian Central Hospital; 200240 Shanghai China
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7
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Lei L, Ma H, Qin Y, Yang M, Ma Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Lei Z, Lu D, Guan X. AIE-active florescent polymers: The design, synthesis and the cell imaging application. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Huth K, Heek T, Achazi K, Kühne C, Urner LH, Pagel K, Dernedde J, Haag R. Noncharged and Charged Monodendronised Perylene Bisimides as Highly Fluorescent Labels and their Bioconjugates. Chemistry 2017; 23:4849-4862. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Huth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Timm Heek
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Kühne
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Leonhard H. Urner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry; Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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9
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Li NN, Cai XY, Chen JC, Hu XF, Xu LQ. Conjugation of Lectin to Poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-glycopolymer Micelles for In Vitro Intravesical Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E379. [PMID: 30974656 PMCID: PMC6432143 DOI: 10.3390/polym8110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly[2-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy) ethyl acrylamide] (PCL-b-PManEA) block copolymers were synthesized via a combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and reactive ester-amine reaction. The PCL-b-PManEA block copolymers can self-assemble into micelles and encapsulate anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). To enhance mucoadhesive property of the resulting DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA micelles, Concanavalin A (ConA) lectin was further conjugated with the micelles. Turbidimetric assay using mucin shows that the DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles are mucoadhesive. DOX release from the DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles in artificial urine at 37 °C exhibits an initial burst release, followed by a sustained and slow release over three days. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images indicate that the DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles can be effectively internalized by UMUC3 human urothelial carcinoma cells. The DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles exhibit significant cytotoxicity to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ning Li
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiao Yan Cai
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiu Cun Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xue Feng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Li Qun Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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10
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Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1693-752. [PMID: 26702928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are involved in a variety of biological processes. The ability of sugars to form a large number of hydrogen bonds has made them important components for supramolecular chemistry. We discuss recent advances in the use of carbohydrates in supramolecular chemistry and reveal that carbohydrates are useful building blocks for the stabilization of complex architectures. Systems are presented according to the scaffold that supports the glyco-conjugate: organic macrocycles, dendrimers, nanomaterials, and polymers are considered. Glyco-conjugates can form host-guest complexes, and can self-assemble by using carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions and other weak interactions such as π-π interactions. Finally, complex supramolecular architectures based on carbohydrate-protein interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Priya Bharate
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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PEGylated Fluorescent Nanoparticles from One-Pot Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and “Click Chemistry”. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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12
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Xu LQ. Ruthenium(II)–terpyridine complexes-containing glyconanoparticles for one- and two-photon excited fluorescence imaging. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Tejero R, López D, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Fernández-García M. High Efficiency Antimicrobial Thiazolium and Triazolium Side-Chain Polymethacrylates Obtained by Controlled Alkylation of the Corresponding Azole Derivatives. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1844-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tejero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima López-Fabal
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Río Júcar, s/n, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Gómez-Garcés
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Río Júcar, s/n, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Mishra R, Lim JM, Son M, Panini P, Kim D, Sankar J. Tuning the Electronic Nature of Mono-Bay Alkynyl-Phenyl-Substituted Perylene Bisimides: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:5776-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Wang KR, An HW, Rong RX, Cao ZR, Li XL. Synthesis of Biocompatible Glycodendrimer based on Fluorescent Perylene Bisimides and Its Bioimaging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:727-34. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Rang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis; Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis; Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Rong
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ran Cao
- Department of Immunology; School of Basic Medical Science; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis; Ministry of Education; Hebei University; Baoding P. R. China
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Ahmed M, Wattanaarsakit P, Narain R. Recent advances in the preparation of glycopolymer bioconjugates. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of Glycopolymer Architectures by Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/polym5020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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19
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Synthetic Glycopolymers: Some Recent Developments. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Wang KR, An HW, Qian F, Wang YQ, Zhang JC, Li XL. Synthesis, optical properties and binding interactions of a multivalent glycocluster based on a fluorescent perylene bisimide derivative. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Zhou J, Zhang J, Lai Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Wang H, Wang Z. Guanidinium-dendronized perylene bisimides as stable, water-soluble fluorophores for live-cell imaging. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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