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Sinsinbar G, Palaniappan A, Yildiz UH, Liedberg B. A Perspective on Polythiophenes as Conformation Dependent Optical Reporters for Label-Free Bioanalytics. ACS Sens 2022; 7:686-703. [PMID: 35226461 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (PT)-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) constitute an important class of responsive polymers with excellent optical properties. The electrostatic interactions between PTs and target analytes trigger complexation and concomitant conformational changes of the PT backbones that produce distinct optical responses. These conformation-induced optical responses of the PTs enable them to be utilized as reporters for detection of various analytes by employing simple UV-vis spectrophotometry or the naked eye. Numerous PTs with unique pendant groups have been synthesized to tailor their interactions with analytes such as nucleotides, ions, surfactants, proteins, and bacterial and viral pathogens. In this perspective, we discuss PT-target analyte complexation for bioanalytical applications and highlight recent advancements in point-of-care and field deployable assays. Subsequently, we highlight a few areas of critical importance for future applications of PTs as reporters, including (i) design and synthesis of specific PTs to advance the understanding of the mechanisms of interaction with target analytes, (ii) using arrays of PTs and linear discriminant analysis for selective and specific detection of target analytes, (iii) translation of conventional homogeneous solution-based assays into heterogeneous membrane-based assay formats, and finally (iv) the potential of using PT as an alternative to conjugated polymer nanoparticles and dots in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey
- Department of Photonic Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553
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Stanciu MC, Nichifor M, Ailiesei GL. Bile salts adsorption on dextran-based hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:270-283. [PMID: 34481856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dextran-based gels bearing two types of pendant N, N-dimethyl-N-alkyl-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium chloride groups with different alkyl chain length substituents (C2 and C12/C16, respectively) at the quaternary nitrogen were synthesized and structural characteristics of the compounds were studied by elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The morphology and size of polymeric microspheres were examined by SEM and their swelling behavior in water was also investigated. The hydrogels were evaluated as sorbents for sodium cholate (NaCA) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDCA) in water and 10 mM NaCl solutions. Different isotherm models (nearest-neighbor-interaction, Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Raduskevich, Sips and Hill) were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism and established the characteristics of the most efficient polymeric sorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity of the gels was highly controlled by gel hydrophobicity which enhanced gel-bile salt affinity but decreased binding cooperativity. Swelling porosity, ionic strength and ligand lipophilicity were other factors that also affected the adsorption process. The hydrogel having 25 mol% pendant dodecyl groups retained the maximum amount of bile salts (1051 mg NaCA/g and 1138 mg NaDCA/g). All hydrophobically modified hydrogels revealed a better affinity and strength of binding compared to commercial Cholestyramine®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cristina Stanciu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marieta Nichifor
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Liliana Ailiesei
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41 A, 700457, Iasi, Romania
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Mandal S, Sigurdsson ST. Water-soluble BDPA radicals with improved persistence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13121-13124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04920d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Bis(diphenylene)-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) radicals are promising polarizing agents for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR spectroscopy. BDPAs containing tetraalkyl/aryl-ammonium groups have increased persistence and solubility in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Mandal
- University of Iceland
- Department of Chemistry
- Science Institute
- Reykjavik 107
- Iceland
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Caselli M, Vanossi D, Buffagni M, Imperato M, Pigani L, Mucci A, Parenti F. Optoelectronic Properties of A-π-D-π-A Thiophene-Based Materials with a Dithienosilole Core: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1314-1323. [PMID: 31944051 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two A-π-D-π-A thiophene-based small molecules with a central dithienosilole core and dicyanovinyl (DCV) end groups were synthesized. These compounds differ only by the presence of alkyl and alkylsulfanyl chains, respectively, on the thiophene beta positions. Computational data together with the spectroscopic and electrochemical findings (obtained by means of absorption, steady-state/time-resolved emission techniques, and cyclic voltammetry) revealed that both molecules possess low electronic and optical band gaps, broad absorption spectra, and good stability both in p and n-doping states, which make them suitable for optoelectronic applications. In both compounds, the HOMO-LUMO transition involves an intramolecular charge transfer from the electron-donor dithienosilole unit to the two terminal electron-acceptor DCV groups. A marked positive emission solvatochromism was observed for both molecules and was interpreted on the basis of the symmetry breaking in the S1 excited state. The two synthesized compounds were also compared to their shorter precursors and to similar oligothiophenes to understand how the nature of the building block influences the characteristics of the final materials. Furthermore, it was possible to better understand the contribution of the sulfur atom in modulating the optical properties of the small molecules studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Mirko Buffagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuel Imperato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Pigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Parenti F, Tassinari F, Libertini E, Lanzi M, Mucci A. Π-Stacking Signature in NMR Solution Spectra of Thiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5775-5784. [PMID: 31457836 PMCID: PMC6644458 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies on conjugated polymers seldom report on their NMR characterization in solution. This paper shows how NMR experiments, both 1H NMR and routine 2D NMR spectra, can help in gaining a further insight into the aggregation behavior of conjugated polymers and could be used to flank the more employed solid-state NMR and other spectroscopy and microscopy techniques in the understanding of the aggregation processes. NMR spectroscopy allows distinguishing, within the class of poorly solvatochromic conjugated polymers, those highly prone to form π-stacked aggregates from the ones that have a low tendency toward π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parenti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emanuela Libertini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- E-mail: (A.M.)
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Das S, Routh P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee DP, Nandi AK. Water-soluble ionic polythiophenes for biological and analytical applications. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Das
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Parimal Routh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Radhakanta Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Dhruba P Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
| | - Arun K Nandi
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Jadavpur Kolkata - 700032 India
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Tsuchiya Y, Noguchi T, Yoshihara D, Roy B, Yamamoto T, Shinkai S. Conformation Control of a Conjugated Polymer through Complexation with Bile Acids Generates Its Novel Spectral and Morphological Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12403-12412. [PMID: 27327101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Control of higher-order polymer structures attracts a great deal of interest for many researchers when they lead to the development of materials having various advanced functions. Among them, conjugated polymers that are useful as starting materials in the design of molecular wires are particularly attractive. However, an equilibrium existing between isolated chains and bundled aggregates is inevitable and has made their physical properties very complicated. As an attempt to simplify this situation, we previously reported that a polymer chain of a water-soluble polythiophene could be isolated through complexation with a helix-forming polysaccharide. More recently, a covalently self-threading polythiophene was reported, the main chain of which was physically protected from self-folding and chain-chain π-stacking. In this report, we wish to report a new strategy to isolate a water-soluble polythiophene and to control its higher-order structure by a supramolecular approach: that is, among a few bile acids, lithocholate can form stoichiometric complexes with cationic polythiophene to isolate the polymer chain, and the higher-order structure is changeable by the molar ratio. The optical and morphological studies have been thoroughly performed, and the resultant complex has been applied to the selective recognition of two AMP structural isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Tsuchiya
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity (FiaS), Kyudaishinmachi 4-1, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Yoshihara
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity (FiaS), Kyudaishinmachi 4-1, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Yamamoto
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity (FiaS), Kyudaishinmachi 4-1, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | - Seiji Shinkai
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT), Fukuoka Industry-Academia Symphonicity (FiaS), Kyudaishinmachi 4-1, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
- Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Kazim S, Jäger A, Steinhart M, Pfleger J, Vohlídal J, Bondarev D, Štěpánek P. Morphology and Kinetics of Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles Induced with Regioregular Cationic Polythiophene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2-11. [PMID: 26630552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation kinetics of negatively charged borate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (NPs) induced by the cationic regioregular polythiophene polyelectrolyte poly{3-[6-(1-methylimidazolium-3-yl)hexyl]thiophene-2,5-diyl bromide} (PMHT-Br) and the morphology of formed aggregates have been investigated via ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta (ζ) potential measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Two or three populations of NPs are formed within milliseconds upon mixing the components, which differ in the mean size, extent of polymer coating, and time stability. These characteristics are primarily controlled by the PMHT-Br to Ag-NPs ratio. Population of single NPs of a mean size of ∼5 nm is present in every system and is mostly stable for a long time. At low ratios, the single NPs are most probably almost free of polymer chains and the second population includes slow, but in a limited extent, growing NPs in which single NPs might be interconnected by polymer chains. At the ratios corresponding to the charge balance in the system (ca. zero ζ-potential of NPs), the NPs aggregate, forming a second population that continuously grows in size, and finally undergo sedimentation. At the high ratios, three long-time stable populations of NPs are observed, having mean sizes of ca. 5, 13, and 35 nm; all NPs should be fully coated with PMHT-Br, giving them a positively charged stabilizing shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrana Kazim
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Steinhart
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pfleger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vohlídal
- Charles University in Prague , Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitrij Bondarev
- Charles University in Prague , Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Grisci G, Mróz W, Giovanella U, Pagano K, Porzio W, Ragona L, Samperi F, Tomaselli S, Galeotti F, Destri S. Acetylcholinesterase-induced fluorescence turn-off of an oligothiophene-grafted quartz surface sensitive to myristoylcholine. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4892-4903. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized oligothiophene chains that are able to assemble/disassemble upon interaction with a cationic surfactant to detect acetylcholinesterase activity by altering their photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Grisci
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - W. Mróz
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - U. Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - K. Pagano
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - W. Porzio
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - L. Ragona
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - F. Samperi
- Istituto per i Polimeri
- Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB) UOS Catania
- CNR
- 95126 Catania
- Italy
| | - S. Tomaselli
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - F. Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - S. Destri
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR)
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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Sun XY, Liu XL, Xu FQ, Xue L, Cheng YZ. Size effects on the luminescence properties of polymer nanowires. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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