1
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Nucleating effect of boron nitride nanotubes on poly(lactic acid) crystallization. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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An experimentally validated model for quiescent multiphase primary and secondary crystallization phenomena in PP with low content of ethylene comonomer. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene glycol)-B-Poly(ε-caprolactone) by Flash DSC Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213713. [PMID: 34771270 PMCID: PMC8587161 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) were investigated through a commercially available chip-calorimeter Flash DSC2+. The non-isothermal crystallization data under different cooling rates were analyzed by the Ozawa model, modified Avrami model, and Mo model. The results of the non-isothermal crystallization showed that the PCL block crystallized first, followed by the crystallization of the PEG block when the cooling rate was 50-200 K/s. However, only the PEG block can crystallize when the cooling rate is 300-600 K/s. The crystallization of PEG-PCL is completely inhibited when the cooling rate is 1000 K/s. The modified Avrami and Ozawa models were found to describe the non-isothermal crystallization processes well. The growth methods of PEG and PEG-PCL are both three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The Mo model shows that the crystallization rate of PEG is greater than that of PEG-PCL.
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Di Sacco F, Saidi S, Hermida-Merino D, Portale G. Revisiting the Mechanism of the Meso-to-α Transition of Isotactic Polypropylene and Ethylene–Propylene Random Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Di Sacco
- Physical Chemistry of Polymeric and Nanostructured Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Saidi
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, Grenoble 38043, France
- LMOPS, EA 4423, Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec Metz, 2 rue Edouard Belin, Metz 57070, France
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, Grenoble 38043, France
- LMOPS, EA 4423, Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupelec Metz, 2 rue Edouard Belin, Metz 57070, France
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Physical Chemistry of Polymeric and Nanostructured Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
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5
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Qian C, Zhao Y, Wang D. Structural evolution of mesomorphic propylene–1‐butene random copolymer during heating process. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengao Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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6
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Pressure- and Temperature-Dependent Crystallization Kinetics of Isotactic Polypropylene under Process Relevant Conditions. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a non-nucleated homopolymer (HP) and random copolymer (RACO), as well as a nucleated HP and heterophasic copolymer (HECO) were investigated regarding their crystallization kinetics. Using pvT-measurements and fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC), the crystallization behavior was analyzed as a function of pressure, cooling rate and temperature. It is shown that pressure and cooling rate have an opposite influence on the crystallization temperature of the materials. Furthermore, the addition of nucleating agents to the material has a significant effect on the maximum cooling rate at which the formation of α-crystals is still possible. The non-nucleated HP and RACO materials show significant differences that can be related to the sterically hindering effect of the comonomer units of RACO on crystallization, while the nucleated materials HP and HECO show similar crystallization kinetics despite their different structures. The pressure-dependent shift factor of the crystallization temperature is independent of the material. The results contribute to the description of the relationship between the crystallization kinetics of the material and the process parameters influencing the injection-molding induced morphology. This is required to realize process control in injection molding in order to produce pre-defined morphologies and to design material properties.
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Mileva D, Wang J, Androsch R, Jariyavidyanont K, Gahleitner M, Bernreitner K. Crystallization of Random Metallocene-Catalyzed Propylene-Based Copolymers with Ethylene and 1-Hexene on Rapid Cooling. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2091. [PMID: 34202038 PMCID: PMC8272238 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Propylene-based random copolymers with either ethylene or 1-hexene as comonomer, produced using a metallocene catalyst, were studied regarding their crystallization behaviors, with a focus on rapid cooling. To get an impression of processing effects, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used in addition to the characterization of the mechanical performance. When comparing the comonomer type and the relation to commercial grades based on Ziegler-Natta-type catalysts, both an interaction with the catalyst-related regio-defects and a significant difference between ethylene and 1-hexene was observed. A soluble-type nucleating agent was found to modify the behavior, but to an increasingly lesser degree at high cooling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mileva
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (J.W.); (M.G.); (K.B.)
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (J.W.); (M.G.); (K.B.)
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany; (R.A.); (K.J.)
| | - Katalee Jariyavidyanont
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany; (R.A.); (K.J.)
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (J.W.); (M.G.); (K.B.)
| | - Klaus Bernreitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, Sankt Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (J.W.); (M.G.); (K.B.)
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8
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Chen D, Lei L, Zou M, Li X. Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Poly(l-Lactide) Diblock Copolymer and Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Homopolymer via Fast-Scan Chip-Calorimeter. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1156. [PMID: 33916589 PMCID: PMC8038454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of double-crystallizable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactide) diblock copolymer (PEG-PLLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) homopolymer (PEG) were studied using the fast cooling rate provided by a Fast-Scan Chip-Calorimeter (FSC). The experimental data were analyzed by the Ozawa method and the Kissinger equation. Additionally, the total crystallization rate was represented by crystallization half time t1/2. The Ozawa method is a perfect success because secondary crystallization is inhibited by using fast cooling rate. The first crystallized PLLA block provides nucleation sites for the crystallization of PEG block and thus promotes the crystallization of the PEG block, which can be regarded as heterogeneous nucleation to a certain extent, while the method of the PEG block and PLLA block crystallized together corresponds to a one-dimensional growth, which reflects that there is a certain separation between the crystallization regions of the PLLA block and PEG block. Although crystallization of the PLLA block provides heterogeneous nucleation conditions for PEG block to a certain extent, it does not shorten the time of the whole crystallization process because of the complexity of the whole crystallization process including nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.C.); (L.L.); (M.Z.)
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9
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Di Sacco F, Gahleitner M, Wang J, Portale G. Systematic Investigation on the Structure-Property Relationship in Isotactic Polypropylene Films Processed via Cast Film Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081636. [PMID: 32717873 PMCID: PMC7464016 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cast film extrusion processing conditions, such as the chill-roll temperature, temperature of the melt, and line speed, on the structure of different isotactic polypropylene homo- and random copolymers has been investigated by means of Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS and WAXS) and correlated to stiffness and haze. Stiffness and transparency have been found to be strongly dependent on the temperature of the chill-roll. Interestingly, line speed has been found to affect the total crystallinity when the chill-roll temperature is increased, while an overall minor effect of the melt temperature was found for all cast films. The polymer characteristics, defined by the catalyst nature and comonomer content, affect the final material performance, with the single-site catalyzed grades performing better in both mechanics and optics. Haze levels were found to correlate with the mesophase content rather than to α-crystallinity and to be dependent on the domain size for all grades. The remarkably low haze levels reached by the single-site grade with higher isotacticity can arise from high nucleation rate and orientational effects, which ultimately yield smaller and smoother scattering domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Di Sacco
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jingbo Wang
- Borealis AG, St. Peterstr. 25, A-4021 Linz, Austria; (M.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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10
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Wang YH, Gong J, Hu WB. Transparency of Temperature-responsive Shape-memory Gels Tuned by a Competition between Crystallization and Glass Transition. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Lv R, He Y, Xie K, Hu W. Crystallization rates of moderate and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene characterized by Flash DSC measurement. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Lv
- Department of Polymer Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials ScienceEast China University of Technology Nanchang China
| | - Yucheng He
- Department of Polymer Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Kefeng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing China
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12
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Schick C, Androsch R. Nucleation‐controlled semicrystalline morphology of bulk polymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schick
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR Rostock Germany
- Istitute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐Oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN)Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
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13
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14
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Mileva D, Tranchida D, Gahleitner M. Designing polymer crystallinity: An industrial perspective. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mileva
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters, 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters, 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters, 4021 Linz Austria
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15
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Mileva D, Gahleitner M, Gloger D, Tranchida D. Crystal structure: a way to control properties in cast films of polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Cai J, Luo R, Lv R, He Y, Zhou D, Hu W. Crystallization kinetics of ethylene-co-propylene rubber/isotactic polypropylene blend investigated via chip-calorimeter measurement. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Nucleation efficiency of fillers in polymer crystallization studied by fast scanning calorimetry: Carbon nanotubes in polypropylene. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Mileva D, Wang J, Gahleitner M, Doshev P, Androsch R. Crystallization behaviour of heterophasic propylene-ethylene copolymer at rapid cooling conditions. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Cavallo D, Lorenzo AT, Müller AJ. Probing the early stages of thermal fractionation by successive self-nucleation and annealing performed with fast scanning chip-calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genoa; via Dodecaneso 31 Genova 1646 Italy
| | | | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel De Lardizabal 3 Donostia-San Sebastián 20018 Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE; Bilbao Spain
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20
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21
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Crystal Nucleation of Polymers at High Supercooling of the Melt. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION I 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Cocca M, Androsch R, Righetti MC, Malinconico M, Di Lorenzo ML. Conformationally disordered crystals and their influence on material properties: The cases of isotactic polypropylene, isotactic poly(1-butene), and poly(l-lactic acid). J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Nayeri HH, Taromi FA, Hemmati M, Rekabdar F. Preparation method of superactive Ziegler–Natta catalysts to produce ultra-high molecular weight amorphous poly(1-octene), poly(1-decene), and their copolymers. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.958475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Luijsterburg B, Jobse P, Hermida Merino D, Peijs T, Goossens H. Solid-state drawing of β-nucleated polypropylene: Effect of additives on drawability and mechanical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benny Luijsterburg
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition; P.O. Box 557 6700 AN Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter Jobse
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida Merino
- DUBBLE CRG BM26@ESRF; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; 6, Rue Jules Horowitz Grenoble 38043 France
| | - Ton Peijs
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; and Materials Research Institute; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom
| | - Han Goossens
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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25
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Unusual crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene and propene/1-alkene copolymers at large undercoolings. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Sequence of enthalpy relaxation, homogeneous crystal nucleation and crystal growth in glassy polyamide 6. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Kolesov I, Androsch R, Mileva D, Lebek W, Benhamida A, Kaci M, Focke W. Crystallization of a polyamide 11/organo-modified montmorillonite nanocomposite at rapid cooling. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Crystallization of isotactic polypropylene containing beta-phase nucleating agent at rapid cooling. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Mollova A, Androsch R, Mileva D, Schick C, Benhamida A. Effect of Supercooling on Crystallization of Polyamide 11. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302238r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayret Mollova
- Center of Engineering Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale,
Germany
| | - René Androsch
- Center of Engineering Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale,
Germany
| | - Daniela Mileva
- Innovation Headquarters, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051
Rostock, Germany
| | - Aida Benhamida
- Faculty
of Technology, University of Bejaia, Bejaia
06000, Algeria
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