1
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Bai Z, Hu K, Shou Z, Zhou H, Yu J, Meng H, Chen L, Yu T, Lu R, Li N, Chen C. Engineering a mucin coating to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro and bone formation in vivo through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 221:113000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Klačić T, Bohinc K, Kovačević D. Suppressing the Hofmeister Anion Effect by Thermal Annealing of Thin-Film Multilayers Made of Weak Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2022; 55:9571-9582. [PMID: 36397937 PMCID: PMC9661731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Thin films made of
weak polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride)
(PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been fabricated on silicon
wafers using the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. To study the influence
of counteranion type on the growth and properties of PAH/PAA multilayers,
the nature of the supporting sodium salt was varied from cosmotropic
to chaotropic anions (F–, Cl–,
and ClO4–). Results of ellipsometry and
AFM measurements indicate that the film thickness and surface roughness
systematically increase on the order F– < Cl– < ClO4–. Furthermore,
we found that the hydrophobicity of the PAH/PAA multilayer also follows
the described trend when a polycation is the terminating layer. However,
the heating of PAH/PAA multilayers to 60 °C during the LbL assembly
suppressed the influence of background anions on the multilayer formation
and properties. On the basis of the obtained results, it could be
concluded that thermal annealing induces changes at the polymer–air
interface in the sense of reorientation and migration of polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Klačić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davor Kovačević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Cheng X, Zhu Y, Tang S, Lu R, Zhang X, Li N, Zan X. Material priority engineered metal-polyphenol networks: mechanism and platform for multifunctionalities. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:255. [PMID: 35658870 PMCID: PMC9164710 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering the surface of materials with desired multifunctionalities is an effective way to fight against multiple adverse factors during tissue repair process. Recently, metal-polyphenol networks (MPNs) have gained increasing attention because of their rapid and simple deposition process onto various substrates (silicon, quartz, gold and polypropylene sheets, etc.). However, the coating mechanism has not been clarified, and multifunctionalized MPNs remain unexplored. Herein, the flavonoid polyphenol procyanidin (PC) was selected to form PC-MPN coatings with Fe3+, and the effects of different assembly parameters, including pH, molar ratio between PC and Fe3+, and material priority during coating formation, were thoroughly evaluated. We found that the material priority (addition sequence of PC and Fe3+) had a great influence on the thickness of the formed PC-MPNs. Various surface techniques (e.g., ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, quartz crystal microbalance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy) were used to investigate the formation mechanism of PC-MPNs. Then PC-MPNs were further engineered with multifunctionalities (fastening cellular attachment in the early stage, promoting long-term cellular proliferation, antioxidation and antibacterial activity). We believe that these findings could further reveal the coating formation mechanism of MPNs and guide the future design of MPN coatings with multifunctionalities, thereby greatly broadening their application prospects, such as in sensors, environments, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Cheng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Rengerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinlian Rd. 1, Wenzhou, 325001, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Rengerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinlian Rd. 1, Wenzhou, 325001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Lu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Rengerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinlian Rd. 1, Wenzhou, 325001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Rengerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jinlian Rd. 1, Wenzhou, 325001, People's Republic of China. .,Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Pahal S, Boranna R, Prashanth GR, Varma MM. Simplifying Molecular Transport in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pahal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem) Bengaluru Karnataka 560065 India
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Rakshith Boranna
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Goa Farmagudi Ponda Goa 403401 India
| | - Gurusiddappa R. Prashanth
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Goa Farmagudi Ponda Goa 403401 India
| | - Manoj M. Varma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Karnataka 560012 India
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5
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Abbett RL, Chen Y, Schlenoff JB. Self-Exchange of Polyelectrolyte in Multilayers: Diffusion as a Function of Salt Concentration and Temperature. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Abbett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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6
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Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: An Overview on Fabrication, Properties, and Biomedical and Environmental Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154152. [PMID: 34361346 PMCID: PMC8348132 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers are versatile materials that are used in a large number of domains, including biomedical and environmental applications. The fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayers using the layer-by-layer technique is one of the simplest methods to obtain composite functional materials. The properties of the final material can be easily tuned by changing the deposition conditions and the used building blocks. This review presents the main characteristics of polyelectrolyte multilayers, the fabrication methods currently used, and the factors influencing the layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes. The last section of this paper presents some of the most important applications of polyelectrolyte multilayers, with a special focus on biomedical and environmental applications.
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7
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Manoj Lalwani S, Eneh CI, Lutkenhaus JL. Emerging trends in the dynamics of polyelectrolyte complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24157-24177. [PMID: 33094301 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03696j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are highly tunable materials that result from the phase separation that occurs upon mixing oppositely charged polymers. Over the years, they have gained interest due to their broad range of applications such as drug delivery systems, protective coatings, food packaging, and surface adhesives. In this review, we summarize the structure, phase transitions, chain dynamics, and rheological and thermal properties of PECs. Although most literature focuses upon the thermodynamics and application of PECs, this review highlights the fundamental role of salt and water on mechanical and thermal properties impacting the PEC's dynamics. A special focus is placed upon experimental results and techniques. Specifically, the review examines phase behaviour and salt partitioning in PECs, as well as different techniques used to measure diffusion coefficients, relaxation times, various superpositioning principles, glass transitions, and water microenvironments in PECs. This review concludes with future areas of opportunity in fundamental studies and best practices in reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvesh Manoj Lalwani
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Chikaodinaka I Eneh
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA.
| | - Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
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8
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Towle EG, Ding I, Peterson AM. Impact of molecular weight on polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly and surface properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:135-142. [PMID: 32146240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are a versatile category of materials due to their ability to modify surface properties for applications ranging from protective coatings to improved cell adhesion. Polyelectrolyte choice, including its structure and molecular weight (MW), is known to greatly influence PEM assembly and surface properties. In this work, poly(acrylic acid)/poly-l-lysine PEMs using three pairs of MWs (1.8k/15-30k, 100k/120k, and 250k/275k) were studied to determine the effects of their MWs on PEM assembly, topography and surface energy. PEMs assembly was monitored in a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, resulting in masses of 3.90 ± 0.87 µg/cm2, 10.80 ± 4.189 µg/cm2, and 30.04 ± 13.68 µg/cm2 for 10 bilayers of low, medium, and high MW pairs, respectively. The low MW PEM was more rigid. Low and high MW PEMs exhibited higher roughness than medium MW, caused by polyelectrolyte stripping. Surface energy remained constant with bilayer count in the low and high MW PEMs, but steadily increased in the medium MW PEM. Differences between medium MW PEMs from low and high MW systems indicate that, while PEM properties change with MW, they are not monotonically correlated and are instead related to changes in internal charge distributions and the resultant stripping that may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Towle
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Ivan Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Amy M Peterson
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609, USA; Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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9
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Sill A, Nestler P, Azinfar A, Helm CA. Tailorable Polyanion Diffusion Coefficient in LbL Films: The Role of Polycation Molecular Weight and Polymer Conformation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Sill
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amir Azinfar
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane A. Helm
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Owusu-Nkwantabisah S, Tripp CP. Controlled growth of layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte multilayer films under high electric fields. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 541:322-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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O'Neal JT, Dai EY, Zhang Y, Clark KB, Wilcox KG, George IM, Ramasamy NE, Enriquez D, Batys P, Sammalkorpi M, Lutkenhaus JL. QCM-D Investigation of Swelling Behavior of Layer-by-Layer Thin Films upon Exposure to Monovalent Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:999-1009. [PMID: 29131641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers and layer-by-layer assemblies are susceptible to structural changes in response to ionic environment. By altering the salt type and ionic strength, structural changes can be induced by disruption of intrinsically bound ion pairs within the multilayer network via electrostatic screening. Notably, high salt concentrations have been used for the purposes of salt-annealing and self-healing of LbL assemblies with KBr, in particular, yielding a remarkably rapid response. However, to date, the structural and swelling effects of various monovalent ion species on the behavior of LbL assemblies remain unclear, including a quantitative view of ion content in the LbL assembly and thickness changes over a wide concentration window. Here, we investigate the effects of various concentrations of KBr (0 to 1.6 M) on the swelling and de-swelling of LbL assemblies formed from poly(diallyldimethylammonium) polycation (PDADMA) and poly(styrene sulfonate) polyanion (PSS) in 0.5 M NaCl using quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring as compared to KCl, NaBr, and NaCl. The ion content after salt exchange is quantified using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Our results demonstrate that Br- ions have a much greater effect on the structure of as-prepared thin films than Cl- at ionic strengths above assembly conditions, which is possibly caused by the more chaotropic nature of Br-. It is also found that the anion in general dominates the swelling response as compared to the cation because of the excess PDADMA in the multilayer. Four response regimes are identified that delineate swelling due to electrostatic repulsion, slight contraction, swelling due to doping, and film destruction as ionic strength increases. This understanding is critical if such materials are to be used in applications requiring submersion in chemically dynamic environments such as sensors, coatings on biomedical implants, and filtration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Piotr Batys
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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12
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Fares HM, Schlenoff JB. Diffusion of Sites versus Polymers in Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Multilayers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14656-14667. [PMID: 28981268 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has long been assumed that the spontaneous formation of materials such as complexes and multilayers from charged polymers depends on (inter)diffusion of these polyelectrolytes. Here, we separately examine the mass transport of polymer molecules and extrinsic sites-charged polyelectrolyte repeat units balanced by counterions-within thin films of polyelectrolyte complex, PEC, using sensitive isotopic labeling techniques. The apparent diffusion coefficients of these sites within PEC films of poly(diallyldimethylammonium), PDADMA, and poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS, are at least 2 orders of magnitude faster than the diffusion of polyelectrolytes themselves. This is because site diffusion requires only local rearrangements of polyelectrolyte repeat units, placing far fewer kinetic limitations on the assembly of polyelectrolyte complexes in all of their forms. Site diffusion strongly depends on the salt concentration (ionic strength) of the environment, and diffusion of PDADMA sites is faster than that of PSS sites, accounting for the asymmetric nature of multilayer growth. Site diffusion is responsible for multilayer growth in the linear and into the exponential regimes, which explains how PDADMA can mysteriously "pass through" layers of PSS. Using quantitative relationships between site diffusion coefficient and salt concentration, conditions were identified that allowed the diffusion length to always exceed the film thickness, leading to full exponential growth over 3 orders of magnitude thickness. Both site and polymer diffusion were independent of molecular weight, suggesting that ion pairing density is a limiting factor. Polyelectrolyte complexes are examples of a broader class of dynamic bulk polymeric materials that (self-) assemble via the transport of cross-links or defects rather than actual molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi M Fares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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13
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Mohammadi M, Salehi A, Branch RJ, Cygan LJ, Besirli CG, Larson RG. Growth Kinetics in Layer‐by‐Layer Assemblies of Organic Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolytes. Chemphyschem 2016; 18:128-141. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Ryan J. Branch
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Lucas J. Cygan
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Cagri G. Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Kellogg Eye Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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14
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Reid DK, Summers A, O’Neal J, Kavarthapu AV, Lutkenhaus JL. Swelling and Thermal Transitions of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in the Presence of Divalent Ions. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariya K. Reid
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra Summers
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Josh O’Neal
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Avanti V. Kavarthapu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L. Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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15
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Wei J, Hoagland DA, Zhang G, Su Z. Effect of Divalent Counterions on Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Properties. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - David A. Hoagland
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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16
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Zheng C, Niu L, Pan W, Zhou J, Lv H, Cheng J, Liang D. Long-term kinetics of DNA interacting with polycations. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Zhou J, Ke F, Xia Y, Sun J, Xu N, Li ZC, Liang D. Complexation of DNA with poly-(L-lysine) and its copolymers in dimethylformamide. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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