1
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From the perspective of cells as dispersed phase in foam injection molding: Cell deformation of PP/PTFE foams. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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2
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Jiang J, Chen B, Zhou M, Liu H, Li Y, Tian F, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhai W. A convenient and efficient to bead foam parts: Restricted cell growth and simultaneous inter-bead welding. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Tammaro D, Villone MM, Maffettone PL. Microfoamed Strands by 3D Foam Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153214. [PMID: 35956728 PMCID: PMC9371122 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design, production, and characterization of microfoamed strands by means of a green and sustainable technology that makes use of CO2 to create ad-hoc innovative bubble morphologies. 3D foam-printing technology has been recently developed; thus, the foaming mechanism in the printer nozzle is not yet fully understood and controlled. We study the effects of the operating parameters of the 3D foam-printing process to control and optimize CO2 utilization through a maximization of the foaming efficiency. The strands’ mechanical properties were measured as a function of the foam density and explained by means of an innovative model that takes into consideration the polymer’s crystallinity content. The innovative microfoamed morphologies were produced using a bio-based and compostable polymer as well as polylactic acid and were then blown with CO2. The results of the extensive experimental campaigns show insightful maps of the bubble size, density, and crystallinity as a function of the process parameters, i.e., the CO2 concentration and temperature. A CO2 content of 15 wt% enables the acquirement of an incredibly low foam density of 40 kg/m3 and porosities from the macro-scale (100–900 μm) to the micro-scale (1–10 μm), depending on the temperature. The foam crystallinity content varied from 5% (using a low concentration of CO2) to 45% (using a high concentration of CO2). Indeed, we determined that the crystallinity content changes linearly with the CO2 concentration. In turn, the foamed strand’s elastic modulus is strongly affected by the crystallinity content. Hence, a corrected Egli’s equation was proposed to fit the strand mechanical properties as a function of foam density.
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4
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Huang P, Chen J, Su Y, Luo H, Lee PC, Lan X, Wang L, Shen B, Zhao Y, Wu F, Zheng W. Transforming Waste Polystyrene into High-Performance Porous Frames with Tunable Cellular Structures via Supercritical Nitrogen Foaming. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengke Huang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- College of General Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213001, China
| | - Yaozhuo Su
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Haibin Luo
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto M5G3G8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoqin Lan
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, China
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5
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Xu Z, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang A, Dong G, Zhao G. Anti-shrinkage, high-elastic, and strong thermoplastic polyester elastomer foams fabricated by microcellular foaming with CO2 & N2 as blowing agents. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Song T, Bie D, Shi D, Yang H, Zhang L, Bao J, Wang Z. Nano-Scale Pores are Formed between the Shish-Kebab Structures of Double-Mold Polyethylene by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21060122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Sarver JA, Sumey JL, Whitfield RM, Kiran E. Confined batch foaming of
semi‐crystalline
rubbery elastomers with carbon dioxide using a mold. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Sarver
- Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Jenna L. Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | | - Erdogan Kiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
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8
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Song C, Zhang J, Li S, Yang S, Lu E, Xi Z, Cen L, Zhao L, Yuan W. Highly interconnected macroporous MBG/PLGA scaffolds with enhanced mechanical and biological properties via green foaming strategy. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Hu D, Zhou C, Liu T, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhao L. Experimental and numerical study of the polyurethane foaming process using high-pressure CO2. J CELL PLAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20974291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A simulation of simultaneous bubble nucleation and growth was performed for polyurethane/CO2 physical foaming process. The single-factor and comprehensive effects of viscoelastic properties, Henry’s constant, CO2 diffusion coefficient and surface tension on the cell morphology were numerically analyzed. The results show that the cell density of PU foam ( N0) increases and its average cell diameter ( Dv) reduces with increased Henry’s constant and slower gas diffusion. Both N0 and Dv reduces with the curing degree ( α). In addition, the effects of α and foaming conditions on the cell structure were experimentally investigated. With an increase of α at foamable range, Dv decreases continuously and N0 increases first and then declines. With increasing saturation pressure and depressurization rate or decreasing temperature, N0 increases and Dv reduces. There is an intrinsic correlation between the simulated and experimental variables, and the results of the simulation and experiment are generally consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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10
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Guo B, Pang Y, Cao X, Chen Q, Zheng W. A creative approach to prepare structure-tunable multilayered PMMA/PS/PMMA foams. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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12
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Production of drug-releasing biodegradable microporous scaffold impregnated with gemcitabine using a CO2 foaming process. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Bi H, Liu F, Wang M, Mao Z, Zhai Y, Li W, Wang S, Zhang M. Construction of ultra‐stable perovskite–polymer fibre membranes by electrospinning technology and its application to light‐emitting diodes. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Bi
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Mian Wang
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Zhu Mao
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yuehui Zhai
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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14
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Chen J, Yang L, Chen D, Mai Q, Wang M, Wu L, Kong P. Cell structure and mechanical properties of microcellular PLA foams prepared via autoclave constrained foaming. CELLULAR POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0262489320930328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microcellular polylactic acid (PLA) foams with various cell size and cell morphologies were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) solid-state foaming to investigate the relationship between the cell structure and mechanical properties. Constrained foaming was used and a wide range of cell structures with a constant porosity of ∼75% by tuning saturation pressure (8–24 MPa) was developed. Experiments varying the saturation pressure while holding other variables’ constant show that the mean cell size and the mean cell wall thickness decreased, while the cell density and the open porosity increased with increase of pressure. Tensile modulus of PLA foams decreased with increasing the saturation pressure, but the specific tensile modulus of PLA foams was still 15–80% higher than that of solid PLA. Tensile strength and elongation at break first increased with increasing saturation pressure up to 16 MPa and then decreased with further increasing saturation pressure (20 MPa and 24 MPa) at which opened-cell structure produced. Compressive modulus, compressive strength, and compressive yield stress also followed the same variation trend. The results indicated that not only cell size plays an important role in properties of PLA foams but also cell morphology can influence these properties significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Chen
- Department of Polymer Processing, Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Department of Polymer Processing, Advanced Research Center for Polymer Processing Engineering of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunshan Mai
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meigui Wang
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Wu
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Kong
- School of Light Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Qiang W, Zhao L, Liu T, Liu Z, Gao X, Hu D. Systematic study of alcohols based co-blowing agents for polystyrene foaming in supercritical CO2: Toward the high efficiency of foaming process and foam structure optimization. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Creating orientated cellular structure in thermoplastic polyurethane through strong interfacial shear interaction and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming for largely improving the foam compression performance. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Hu DD, Gu Y, Liu T, Zhao L. Microcellular foaming of polysulfones in supercritical CO2 and the effect of co-blowing agent. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Sun J, Xu J, He Z, Ren H, Wang Y, Zhang L, Bao JB. Role of nano silica in supercritical CO2 foaming of thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol) and its effect on cell structure and mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Zhang S, Xu Y, Wang P, Peng X, Zeng J. Fabrication-controlled morphology of poly(butylene succinate) nano-microcellular foams by supercritical CO2. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University); Chengdu 610640 China
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security; Tianjin 300381 China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- College of Mechanical and Automotive; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Jianbing Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
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20
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Jamalpour S, Ghaffarian SR, Jangizehi A. Effect of matrix−nanoparticle supramolecular interactions on the morphology and mechanical properties of polymer foams. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Jamalpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Amir Jangizehi
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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21
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Xu Y, Zhang S, Peng X, Wang J. Fabrication and mechanism of poly(butylene succinate) urethane ionomer microcellular foams with high thermal insulation and compressive feature. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Dudnik AO, Trofimchuk ES, Efimov AV, Nikonorova NI, Rukhlya EG, Nikitin LN, Yaminsky IV, Volynskii AL. Evolution of the Nanoporous Structure of High-Density Polyethylene during Drawing in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna O. Dudnik
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena S. Trofimchuk
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V. Efimov
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nina I. Nikonorova
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Lev N. Nikitin
- A.N.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, Vavilova str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V. Yaminsky
- Lomonosov Moscow
State University, GSP-1, Leninskie
Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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23
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Jamalpour S, Ghaffarian SR, Goldansaz H. Using supramolecular associations to create stable cellular structures in amorphous soft polymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seifollah Jamalpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hadi Goldansaz
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
- Bio and Soft Matter Division (BSMA), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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24
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Low-density and structure-tunable microcellular PMMA foams with improved thermal-insulation and compressive mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Al Jahwari F, Huang Y, Naguib HE, Lo J. Relation of impact strength to the microstructure of functionally graded porous structures of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) foamed by thermally activated microspheres. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Shahi P, Behravesh AH, Haghtalab A, Rizvi G, Goharpei F. An experimental study on foaming of linear low-density polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blends. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x16639033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, foaming behavior of selected polyethylene blends was studied in a solid-state batch process, using CO2 as the blowing agent. Special emphasis was paid towards finding a relationship between foamability and thermal and rheological properties of blends. Pure high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and their blends with two weight fraction levels of high-density polyethylene (10 and 25%wt.) were examined. The dry blended batches were mixed using an internal mixer in a molten state, and then the disk-shaped specimens, 1.8 mm in thickness, were produced for foaming purposes. The foaming step was conducted over a wide range of temperatures (120–170℃), and the overall expansion and cellular morphology were evaluated via density measurements and captured SEM micrographs, respectively. Three-dimensional structural images were also captured using a high resolution X-ray micro CT for different foamed samples and were compared. Rheological and DSC tests for the virgin and blends were also performed to seek for a possible correlation with the formability. Based on the results, blended polyethylene foams exhibited remarkable expansion and highly enhanced cell structure compared to pure polymers. Bulk density, as low as 0.33 g/cm3, was obtained for blends, while for the virgin high-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene, bulk density lower than 0.5 g/cm3 was not attainable. The lowest density was observed at a foaming temperature of 10–20℃ above the melting (peak) temperature obtained via DSC test. Rheological characteristics, including storage modulus and cross-over frequency value, were also found to be the indicators for the materials foaming behavior. Moreover, blends with 25% wt. of high-density polyethylene exhibited the highest expansion values over a wider range of temperature compared with 90% linear low-density polyethylene/10% high-density polyethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Shahi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Haghtalab
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghaus Rizvi
- Department of Automotive, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Goharpei
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Supercritical CO2 assisted preparation of open-cell foams of linear low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Tensile and impact properties of microcellular isotactic polypropylene (PP) foams obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Kong WL, Bao JB, Wang J, Hu GH, Xu Y, Zhao L. Preparation of open-cell polymer foams by CO2 assisted foaming of polymer blends. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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31
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Gedler G, Antunes M, Velasco JI. Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the morphology of polycarbonate–graphene composite foams prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide two-step foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Kuang TR, Mi HY, Fu DJ, Jing X, Chen BY, Mou WJ, Peng XF. Fabrication of Poly(lactic acid)/Graphene Oxide Foams with Highly Oriented and Elongated Cell Structure via Unidirectional Foaming Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie503434q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Rong Kuang
- National
Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Street 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- National
Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Street 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Da-Jiong Fu
- National
Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Street 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xin Jing
- National
Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Street 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin-yi Chen
- The
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen-Jie Mou
- The
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- National
Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing,
The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of
Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Street 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
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33
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Si Y, Yu J, Tang X, Ge J, Ding B. Ultralight nanofibre-assembled cellular aerogels with superelasticity and multifunctionality. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5802. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Sun S, Hu D, Chen J, Liu T, Zhao L. Effects of carbon nanofiber on the dissolution and diffusion of CO2 in polypropylene nanocomposites. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gutiérrez C, Rodríguez JF, Gracia I, de Lucas A, García MT. Foaming Process from Polystyrene/p-Cymene Solutions Using CO2. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bao JB, Weng GS, Zhao L, Liu ZF, Chen ZR. Tensile and impact behavior of polystyrene microcellular foams with bi-modal cell morphology. J CELL PLAST 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x14525960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bi-modal PS foams with various volume fractions of large cells ( fL), cell sizes and densities were prepared to investigate the effect of cell structures on the tensile and impact behaviors. The tensile results showed that for the similar density, the tensile strength and modulus decreased with the increase of fL, unless the cell size of large ones is smaller than 25 µm. Similarly, the impact experimental results showed that the impact strength decreased with increasing fL, unless the fL is in the range of 25–32%. It indicated that the bi-modal cell structure could lead to the better properties than that of uniform one, when the cell morphology was proper ( fL in the range of 25–32% and the cell size of large ones smaller than 25 µm). The SEM images of impact-fractured surface of bi-modal foams further confirmed that the cell morphology with fL of 32% was more favorable to the absorption of impact energy during the fracture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Biao Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Geng-Sheng Weng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong-Ren Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Hu D, Chen J, Sun S, Liu T, Zhao L. Solubility and Diffusivity of CO2 in Isotactic Polypropylene/Nanomontmorillonite Composites in Melt and Solid States. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403580x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Hu
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Sun
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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