1
|
Gkili C, Deligiannakis K, Lappa E, Papoulia C, Sazou D. Electrodeposition of Polyaniline on Tantalum: Redox Behavior, Morphology and Capacitive Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:7286. [PMID: 37959706 PMCID: PMC10648180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is among the most widely studied conducting polymers due to its potential technological applications in various fields. Recently, PANI-based hybrid materials have played an important role in the development of energy storage and conversion systems. The aim of the present work is the investigation of the simultaneous electrochemical growth of PANI and Ta2O5 on the Ta substrate and the characterization of the morphology, redox behavior and pseudocapacitive properties of the resulting micro- or nanostructured composite thin films. A well-adherent conductive Ta2O5-PANI composite film was first formed using cyclic voltammetry on Ta that facilitates the on-top electrodeposition of single PANI via an autocatalytic mechanism. The electrochemical characterization of the Ta|Ta2O5-PANI|PANI electrodes reveals unique redox properties of PANI not shown previously upon using PANI electrodeposition on Ta. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the morphology of the electrodeposited films comprises nano- or microspheres that may develop into nano- or microrods when the polymerization proceeds. Preliminary evaluation of the capacitive properties of the Ta|Ta2O5-PANI|PANI electrode shows adequately high specific capacitance values as high as 1130 F g-1 (at 9.2 mA cm-2), depending on the electrochemical parameters, as well as adequate stability (~80% retention after 100 cycles), indicating their potential application as energy storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Gkili
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.G.); (K.D.); (E.L.)
| | - Konstantinos Deligiannakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.G.); (K.D.); (E.L.)
| | - Eirini Lappa
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.G.); (K.D.); (E.L.)
| | - Chrysanthi Papoulia
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Sazou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.G.); (K.D.); (E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- Nanosciences Division, National Center for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Wang J, Ou B, Zhao S, Wang Z. Some Important Issues of the Commercial Production of 1-D Nano-PANI. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E681. [PMID: 30991641 PMCID: PMC6523887 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional polyaniline nano-materials (1-D nano-PANI) have great promise applications in supercapacitors, sensors and actuators, electrochromic devices, anticorrosive coatings, and other nanometer devices. Consequently, commercial production of 1-D nano-PANI at large-scale needs to be quickly developed to ensure widespread usage of this material. Until now, approaches-including hard template methods, soft template methods, interfacial polymerization, rapid mixing polymerization, dilute polymerization, and electrochemical polymerization-have been reported to be used to preparation of this material. Herein, some important issues dealing with commercial production of 1-D nano-PANI are proposed based on the complexity of the synthetic process, its characters, and the aspects of waste production and treatment in particular. In addition, potential solutions to these important issues are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- CERC, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Jixiao Wang
- CERC, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Bin Ou
- CERC, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Song Zhao
- CERC, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- CERC, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabanlouei R, Moghadam PN, Movagharnezhad N, Fareghi AR. Template polymerization of aniline in presence of poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid) for preparation of conductive polymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090416050092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Šeděnková I, Stejskal J, Trchová M. In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy of Oligoaniline Intermediates Created under Alkaline Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14972-81. [PMID: 25437381 DOI: 10.1021/jp509619t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The progress of the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an alkaline aqueous medium has been monitored in situ by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The growth of the microspheres and of the film at the ATR crystal surface, as well as the changes proceeding in the surrounding aqueous medium, are reflected in the spectra. The evolution of the spectra and the changes in the molecular structure occurring during aniline oxidation in alkaline medium are discussed with the help of differential spectra. Several processes connected with the various stages of aniline oxidation were distinguished. The progress of hydrolysis of the aniline in water and further an oxidation of aminophenol to benzoquinone imines in the presence of peroxydisulfate in alkaline medium have been detected in the spectra in real time. The precipitated solid oxidation product was analyzed by mass spectrometry. It is composed of oligomers, mainly trimers to octamers, of various molecular structures incorporating in addition to aniline constitutional units also p-benzoquinone or p-benzoquinoneimine moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šeděnková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Stejskal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Trchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tara-Lunga-Mihali M, Plesu N, Macarie L, Iliescu S, Ilia G. Polyaniline composite designed for solid polymer electrolyte. PURE APPL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Improved ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) was achieved by adding polyaniline (PANI) in membrane formulation. SPE composite membranes contain: tris(4-hidroxybutylacrylate)-phosphate, polyphosphoester, lithium salts and small amount of PANI. The conductivity of membranes increases with PANI content and above a certain amount it decreases. The variation of the conductivity vs temperature is linear, characteristic for a thermally activated process. The activation energy for polymer matrix without PANI is 0.30 eV and 0.26 eV for polymer matrix with PANI. Conductivity enhancement in the composite polymer matrix is caused by the presence of PANI due to the increase in the concentration of free ions. PANI decreases the salt aggregation and as a consequence, the concentration of free ions was increased by improving dispersion of the lithium salt in membranes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li M, Liu W, P.Correia J, Mourato AC, Viana AS, Jin G. Optical and Electrochemical Combination Sensor with Poly-Aniline Film Modified Gold Surface and Its Application for Dissolved Oxygen Detection. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|