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Jheng LC, Chang TY, Fan CT, Hsieh TH, Hsieh FM, Huang WJ. Toughening of epoxy thermosets by self-assembled nanostructures of amphiphilic comb-like random copolymers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33484-33494. [PMID: 38025865 PMCID: PMC10646570 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic comb-like random copolymers synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMMA) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA) with PEGMMA contents ranging between 30 wt% and 25 wt% were demonstrated to self-assemble into various well-defined nanostructures, including spherical micelles, wormlike micelles, and vesicle-like nanodomains, in anhydride-cured epoxy thermosets. In addition, the polymer blends of the comb-like random copolymer and poly(stearyl methacrylate) were prepared and incorporated into epoxy thermosets to form irregularly shaped nanodomains. Our research findings indicate that both the comb-like random copolymers and polymer blends are suitable as toughening modifiers for epoxy. When added at a concentration of 5 wt%, both types of modifiers lead to substantial improvements in the tensile toughness (>289%) and fracture toughness of epoxy thermosets, with minor reductions in their elastic modulus (<16%) and glass transition temperature (<6.1 °C). The fracture toughness evaluated in terms of the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and the strain energy release rate (GIC) increased by more than 67% and 131% for the modified epoxy thermosets containing comb-like random copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Jheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC +886 7 3830674 +886 7 3814526 ext.15148
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Chin-Ting Fan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC +886 7 3830674 +886 7 3814526 ext.15148
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Mold and Die Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Feng-Ming Hsieh
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu Taiwan ROC
| | - Wan-Ju Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC +886 7 3830674 +886 7 3814526 ext.15148
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2
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Delaite C, Bistac S, Rusu D. Influence of Block-Copolymers' Composition as Compatibilizers for Epoxy/Silicone Blends. Molecules 2023; 28:6300. [PMID: 37687128 PMCID: PMC10488889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare crosslinked epoxy networks containing liquid silicone particles in order to improve their mechanical properties and obtain less brittle materials. Different copolymers were used as compatibilizers. These copolymers vary in their chemical composition and structure. All of the copolymers contain hydrophobic (PDMS sequences) and hydrophilic groups. The effect of their chemical structure and architecture on the morphology of the dispersed phase, and on the final physico-chemical and flexural characteristics of epoxy/silicone blends, was explored. The morphology of crosslinked formulations was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the thermal characteristics (glass transition temperature, Tg, and curing exothermic peak) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results have shown that the average diameter and particle size distribution of silicone particles depend on the chemical structure and architecture of the compatibilizers. One copolymer has been identified as the best compatibilizer, allowing a lower mean diameter and particle size distribution in addition to the best mechanical properties of the final network (less brittle character). This study has consequently evidenced the possibility of creating in situ silicone capsules inside an epoxy network by adding tailored compatibilizers to epoxy/silicone formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Delaite
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d’Ingenierie Macromoleculaires (LPIM EA 4567), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (S.B.); (D.R.)
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3
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Nanostructuring Biobased Epoxy Resin with PEO-PPO-PEO Block Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051216. [PMID: 36904457 PMCID: PMC10007555 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biobased diglycidyl ether of vanillin (DGEVA) epoxy resin was nanostructured by poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer. Due to the miscibility/immiscibility properties of the triblock copolymer in DGEVA resin, different morphologies were obtained depending on the triblock copolymer amount. A hexagonally packed cylinder morphology was kept until reaching 30 wt% of PEO-PPO-PEO content, while a more complex three-phase morphology was obtained for 50 wt%, in which large worm-like PPO domains appear surrounded by two different phases, one of them rich in PEO and another phase rich in cured DGEVA. UV-vis measurements show that the transmittance is reduced with the increase in triblock copolymer content, especially at 50 wt%, probably due to the presence of PEO crystals detected by calorimetry.
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4
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Competition between polycrystalline morphology and microphase separation in blends based on cellulose triacetate. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Di Girolamo R, Cicolella A, Talarico G, Scoti M, De Stefano F, Giordano A, Malafronte A, De Rosa C. Structure and Morphology of Crystalline Syndiotactic Polypropylene-Polyethylene Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081534. [PMID: 35458284 PMCID: PMC9031856 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of the structure and morphology of diblock copolymers composed of crystallizable blocks of polyethylene (PE) and syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) having different lengths is reported. In both analyzed samples, the PE block crystallizes first by cooling from the melt (at 130 °C) and the sPP block crystallizes after at a lower temperature. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) recorded during cooling showed three correlation peaks at values of the scattering vector, q1 = 0.12 nm−1, q2 = 0.24 nm−1 and q3 = 0.4 nm−1, indicating development of a lamellar morphology, where lamellar domains of PE and sPP alternate, each domain containing stacks of crystalline lamellae of PE or sPP sandwiched by their own amorphous phase of PE or sPP. At temperatures higher than 120 °C, when only PE crystals are formed, the morphology is defined by the formation of stacks of PE lamellae (17 nm thick) alternating with amorphous layers and with a long period of nearly 52 nm. At lower temperatures, when crystals of sPP are also well-formed, the morphology is more complex. A model of the morphology at room temperature is proposed based on the correlation distances determined from the self-correlation functions extracted from the SAXS data. Lamellar domains of PE (41.5 nm thick) and sPP (8.2 nm thick) alternate, each domain containing stacks of crystalline lamellae sandwiched by their own amorphous phase, forming a global morphology having a total lamellar periodicity of 49.7 nm, characterized by alternating amorphous and crystalline layers, where the crystalline layers are alternatively made of stacks of PE lamellae (22 nm thick) and thinner sPP lamellae (only 3.5 nm thick).
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6
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Self-assembled nanostructured viscoelastic and thermally stable high performance epoxy based nanomaterial for aircraft and automobile applications: An experimental and theoretical modeling approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Zarrini S, Abrams CF. Roles of the Coupling Agent and Surfactant in Droplet Structure in Sizing Emulsions: A Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10183-10190. [PMID: 34396774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sizing emulsions used as glass fiber surface treatments in composites manufacturing are aqueous suspensions of hydrophobic film formers, surface coupling agents, and surfactants. We employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to characterize droplet structures in several aqueous blends of the film-former diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, coupling agent glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, and a triblock copolymer surfactant (Pluronic L35 PEO/PPO copolymer). We show that the quasi-equilibrium states of emulsion droplets are invariant to different initial configurations. We examine the role of the surfactant in determining coupling agent partitioning between the droplet shell and corona and coupling agent cluster size distributions. This work takes a step toward systematic understanding of the sizing chemistry to optimize the interface between the glass and the resin in commercially relevant composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zarrini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cameron F Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Nano-cavitation structure toughness mechanism and optical properties of amphiphilic acrylate block copolymer modified epoxy system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Liu DY, Krogstad DV. Self-Assembly and Phase Transformation of Block Copolymer Nanostructures in Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Y. Liu
- Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820-0910, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820-0910, United States
| | - Daniel V. Krogstad
- Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820-0910, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820-0910, United States
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10
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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Yu Y, Zhuang Y, Lv Y, Xiao H, Song N, Ni L. Morphological evolution and mechanical properties of an “anchor chain” nanodomain structure of a reactive amphiphilic triblock copolymer in epoxy resin. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A epoxy-reactive poly(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate) (PMETHB-b-PDMS-b-PMETHB) triblock can self-assemble in epoxy resin to form “anchor-chain” nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yueru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yuxiao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yizhe Lv
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hanliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Ning Song
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Lizhong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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11
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Zhou P, Zou L, Zha S, Yang A, Jiang S, Guan R. Compatibility and thermal decomposition behavior of acrylic block copolymer modified epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Díez-García I, Santamaria-Echart A, Eceiza A, Tercjak A. Triblock copolymers containing hydrophilic PEO blocks as effective polyols for organic solvent-free waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Silva BL, Bello RH, Ferreira Coelho LA. The role of the ratio (PEG:PPG) of a triblock copolymer (PPG-b
-PEG-b
-PPG) in the cure kinetics, miscibility and thermal and mechanical properties in an epoxy matrix. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna L Silva
- Center for Technological Sciences; State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC; Joinville Brazil
| | - Roger H Bello
- Center for Technological Sciences; State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC; Joinville Brazil
| | - Luiz A Ferreira Coelho
- Center for Technological Sciences; State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC; Joinville Brazil
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14
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Tang B, Kong M, Yang Q, Huang Y, Li G. Toward simultaneous toughening and reinforcing of trifunctional epoxies by low loading flexible reactive triblock copolymers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17380-17388. [PMID: 35539219 PMCID: PMC9080404 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible reactive poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-b-poly(propylene glycol)-b-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (GPG) and nonreactive poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene glycol)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (EPE80) were utilized to toughen a trifunctional epoxy (diglycidyl 4, 5-epoxycyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylate, TDE-85). In comparison with the nonreactive EPE80 and reactive GPG92 with long reactive blocks (Lreactive), the incorporation of reactive GPG83 with short Lreactive improved the comprehensive mechanical properties of the epoxy. Upon an optimal GPG83 loading of 2.5 wt%, the tensile strength, elongation at break and critical strain energy release rate (G1c) increased by ca. 31%, 45.9% and 130.8%, respectively, without sacrificing the modulus and thermal stability. Morphology characterization evidenced that micro-scale domains and nanosized vesical micelles coexisted in the nonreactive EPE80 toughened systems. However, homogeneous morphologies were formed in reactive GPG83 and GPG92 toughened systems. Fracture morphology analysis suggested that GPG can toughen epoxy thermosets by incorporating flexible PPG blocks into the epoxy network, thereby enabling an energy dissipation mechanism. The good balance between the mobility of flexible PPG and degree of cross-link density leads to the simultaneous toughening and reinforcing effect of GPG83 toward the trifunctional epoxy. A high performance trifunctional epoxy thermoset was toughened and reinforced by a low loading of GPG with an appropriate reactive block length, which presented a homogeneous morphology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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15
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Carrasco-Hernandez S, Gutierrez J, Tercjak A. PE-b-PEO block copolymer nanostructured thermosetting systems as template for TiO 2 nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Parameswaranpillai J, Krishnan Sidhardhan S, Jose S, Siengchin S, Pionteck J, Magueresse A, Grohens Y, Hameed N. Reaction-induced phase separation and resulting thermomechanical and surface properties of epoxy resin/poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) blends cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology; Cochin University of Science and Technology; Cochin 682022 Kerala India
| | - Sisanth Krishnan Sidhardhan
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology; Cochin University of Science and Technology; Cochin 682022 Kerala India
| | - Seno Jose
- Government College; Kottayam 686013 Kerala India
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering; King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok 1518 Pracharaj 1, Wongsawang Road; Bangsue Bangkok 10800 Thailand
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Yves Grohens
- FRE CNRS 3744, IRDL, Univ. Bretagne Sud; 56100 Lorient France
| | - Nishar Hameed
- Factory of the Future, Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Australia
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17
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He R, Zhan X, Zhang Q, Zhang G, Chen F. Control of inclusion size and toughness by reactivity of multiblock copolymer in epoxy composites. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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He R, Zhan X, Zhang Q, Chen F. Improving the toughness of epoxy with a reactive tetrablock copolymer containing maleic anhydride. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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19
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Nanostructured thermosets containing π-conjugated polymer nanophases: Morphology, dielectric and thermal conductive properties. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Hu C, Yu J, Huo J, Chen Y, Ma H. Nanostructures and thermal-mechanical properties of cyanate ester/epoxy thermosets modified with poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Technology; Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jichuan Huo
- Laboratory of Analytical and Testing Center; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Yongle Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 Sichuan China
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21
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Shi W, McGrath AJ, Li Y, Lynd NA, Hawker CJ, Fredrickson GH, Kramer EJ. Cooperative and Sequential Phase Transitions in it-Poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-it-poly(propylene oxide) Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Cano L, Gutierrez J, Tercjak A. Enhancement of the mechanical properties at the macro and nanoscale of thermosetting systems modified with a polystyrene-block-polymethyl methacrylate block copolymer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21857h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An epoxy-based thermosetting system was modified with varying contents of polystyrene-block-polymethyl methacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymer by two methods and cured with a 4,4′-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) (MCDEA) curing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laida Cano
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Department
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
| | - Junkal Gutierrez
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Department
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’
- Chemical Engineering and Environmental Department
- Polytechnic School
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
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24
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Xia Z, Li W, Ding J, Li A, Gan W. Effect of PS-b-PCL block copolymer on reaction-induced phase separation in epoxy/PEI blend. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zonglian Xia
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jindian Ding
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
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