1
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Chernikova EV, Kudryavtsev YV. RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:570. [PMID: 35160559 PMCID: PMC8838018 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Zhou D, Zhu LW, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang-Wei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Zaquen N, Rubens M, Corrigan N, Xu J, Zetterlund PB, Boyer C, Junkers T. Polymer Synthesis in Continuous Flow Reactors. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Golf H, O'Shea R, Braybrook C, Hutt O, Lupton DW, Hooper JF. RAFT polymer cross-coupling with boronic acids. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7370-7375. [PMID: 30542540 PMCID: PMC6237125 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to modify the thiocarbonylthio end-groups of RAFT polymers is important for applications where an inert or highly functionalised material is required. Here we report a copper promoted cross-coupling reaction between RAFT polymer end-groups and aryl boronic acids. This method gives high conversion to the modified polymers, and is compatible with a wide variety of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig Golf
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Melbourne , VIC 3800 , Australia . ;
| | - Riley O'Shea
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Melbourne , VIC 3800 , Australia . ;
| | | | - Oliver Hutt
- CSIRO , Research Way , Melbourne , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Melbourne , VIC 3800 , Australia . ;
| | - Joel F Hooper
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Melbourne , VIC 3800 , Australia . ;
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5
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Stace SJ, Fellows CM, Moad G, Keddie DJ. Effect of the Z- and Macro-R-Group on the Thermal Desulfurization of Polymers Synthesized with Acid/Base “Switchable” Dithiocarbamate RAFT Agents. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800228. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Stace
- School of Science and Technology; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2350 Australia
| | - Christopher M. Fellows
- School of Science and Technology; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2350 Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Bag 10 Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia
| | - Daniel J. Keddie
- School of Science and Technology; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2350 Australia
- School of Sciences; Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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7
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Galy N, Nguyen R, Blach P, Sambou S, Luart D, Len C. Glycerol oligomerization in continuous flow reactor. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Haven JJ, Zaquen N, Rubens M, Junkers T. The Kinetics of n
-Butyl Acrylate Radical Polymerization Revealed in a Single Experiment by Real Time On-line Mass Spectrometry Monitoring. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201700016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group; Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC); Universiteit Hasselt; Agoralaan Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Neomy Zaquen
- Polymer Reaction Design Group; Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC); Universiteit Hasselt; Agoralaan Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Maarten Rubens
- Polymer Reaction Design Group; Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC); Universiteit Hasselt; Agoralaan Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group; Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC); Universiteit Hasselt; Agoralaan Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC Associated Lab IMOMEC; Wetenschapspark 1 B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
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9
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Luo JZ, Chu GW, Luo Y, Arowo M, Sun BC, Chen JF. Regulating the micromixing efficiency of a novel helical tube reactor by premixing behavior optimization. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Zhou Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Guang-Wen Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Moses Arowo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Bao-Chang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
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10
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Saubern S, Nguyen X, Nguyen V, Gardiner J, Tsanaktsidis J, Chiefari J. Preparation of Forced Gradient Copolymers Using Tube-in-Tube Continuous Flow Reactors. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201600065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Saubern
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Bag 10 Clayton VIC 3169 Australia
| | - Xuan Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Bag 10 Clayton VIC 3169 Australia
| | - Van Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Bag 10 Clayton VIC 3169 Australia
| | | | | | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Bag 10 Clayton VIC 3169 Australia
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11
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Haven JJ, Baeten E, Claes J, Vandenbergh J, Junkers T. High-throughput polymer screening in microreactors: boosting the Passerini three component reaction. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Passerini three-component reaction (Passerini-3CR) has been studied via on-line microreactor/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (MRT/ESI-MS) reaction monitoring to demonstrate the high-throughput screening potential of microreactors for macromolecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Evelien Baeten
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Jonathan Claes
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Joke Vandenbergh
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (imo-imomec)
- Hasselt University
- B-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
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12
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Herfurth C, Laschewsky A, Noirez L, von Lospichl B, Gradzielski M. Thermoresponsive (star) block copolymers from one-pot sequential RAFT polymerizations and their self-assembly in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Luo JZ, Luo Y, Chu GW, Arowo M, Xiang Y, Sun BC, Chen JF. Micromixing efficiency of a novel helical tube reactor: CFD prediction and experimental characterization. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wenn
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- IMEC associated lab IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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15
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Li X, Mastan E, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Progress in reactor engineering of controlled radical polymerization: a comprehensive review. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) represents an important advancement in polymer chemistry. It allows synthesis of polymers with well-controlled chain microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Erlita Mastan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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16
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Fairbanks BD, Gunatillake PA, Meagher L. Biomedical applications of polymers derived by reversible addition - fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:141-52. [PMID: 26050529 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RAFT- mediated polymerization, providing control over polymer length and architecture as well as facilitating post polymerization modification of end groups, has been applied to virtually every facet of biomedical materials research. RAFT polymers have seen particularly extensive use in drug delivery research. Facile generation of functional and telechelic polymers permits straightforward conjugation to many therapeutic compounds while synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers via RAFT allows for the generation of self-assembled structures capable of carrying therapeutic payloads. With the large and growing body of literature employing RAFT polymers as drug delivery aids and vehicles, concern over the potential toxicity of RAFT derived polymers has been raised. While literature exploring this complication is relatively limited, the emerging consensus may be summed up in three parts: toxicity of polymers generated with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents is observed at high concentrations but not with polymers generated with trithiocarbonate RAFT agents; even for polymers generated with dithiobenzoate RAFT agents, most reported applications call for concentrations well below the toxicity threshold; and RAFT end-groups may be easily removed via any of a variety of techniques that leave the polymer with no intrinsic toxicity attributable to the mechanism of polymerization. The low toxicity of RAFT-derived polymers and the ability to remove end groups via straightforward and scalable processes make RAFT technology a valuable tool for practically any application in which a polymer of defined molecular weight and architecture is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Ian Wark Laboratories, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 80309-0596.
| | | | - Laurence Meagher
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Ian Wark Laboratories, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash Institute for Medical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, PO Box 69M, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bayview Ave, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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18
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Kermagoret A, Wenn B, Debuigne A, Jérôme C, Junkers T, Detrembleur C. Improved photo-induced cobalt-mediated radical polymerization in continuous flow photoreactors. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00299k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) for continuous microflow reactor synthesis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kermagoret
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège (ULg)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Benjamin Wenn
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège (ULg)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège (ULg)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- Chemistry Department
- University of Liège (ULg)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
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19
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Hornung CH, von Känel K, Martinez-Botella I, Espiritu M, Nguyen X, Postma A, Saubern S, Chiefari J, Thang SH. Continuous Flow Aminolysis of RAFT Polymers Using Multistep Processing and Inline Analysis. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin von Känel
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - Maria Espiritu
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Xuan Nguyen
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Simon Saubern
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Bag 33, Clayton
South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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20
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Glasnov T. Highlights from the Flow Chemistry Literature 2014 (Part 2). J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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