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Zhao JZ, Yue TJ, Ren BH, Lu XB, Ren WM. Closed-loop recycling of sulfur-rich polymers with tunable properties spanning thermoplastics, elastomers, and vitrimers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3002. [PMID: 38589410 PMCID: PMC11001992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of closed-loop recycling polymers that exhibit excellent performance is of great significance. Sulfur-rich polymers possessing excellent optical, thermal, and mechanical properties are promising candidates for chemical recycling but lack efficient synthetic strategies for achieving diverse structures. Herein, we report a universal synthetic strategy for producing polytrithiocarbonates, a class of sulfur-rich polymers, via the polycondensation of dithiols and dimethyl trithiocarbonate. This strategy has excellent compatibility with a wide range of monomers, including aliphatic, heteroatomic, and aromatic dithiols enabling the synthesis of polytrithiocarbonates with diverse structures. The present synthesis strategy offers a versatile platform for the construction of thermoplastics, elastomers, and vitrimers. Notably, these polytrithiocarbonates can be easily depolymerized via solvolysis into the corresponding monomers, which can be repolymerized to virgin polymers without changing the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
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2
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Van Daele L, Van de Voorde B, Colenbier R, De Vos L, Parmentier L, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach A, Dmitriev RI, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Effect of molar mass and alkyl chain length on the surface properties and biocompatibility of poly(alkylene terephthalate)s for potential cardiovascular applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10158-10173. [PMID: 37850250 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Treatments for occluded arteries include balloon angioplasty with or without stenting and bypass grafting surgery. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is frequently used as a vascular graft material, but its high stiffness leads to compliance mismatch with the human blood vessels, resulting in altered hemodynamics, thrombus formation and graft failure. Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s (PATs) with longer alkyl chain lengths hold great potential for improving the compliance. In this work, the effect of the polymer molar mass and the alkyl chain length on the surface roughness and wettability of spin-coated PAT films was investigated, as well as the endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation on these samples. We found that surface roughness generally increases with increasing molar mass and alkyl chain length, while no trend for the wettability could be observed. All investigated PATs are non-cytotoxic and support endothelial cell adhesion and growth. For some PATs, the endothelial cells even reorganized into a tubular-like structure, suggesting angiogenic maturation. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the biocompatibility of PATs and their potential to be applied as materials serving cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Van Daele
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Babs Van de Voorde
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Robin Colenbier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Tissue engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human structure and repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 6B3, UZP123, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lobke De Vos
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - André Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human structure and repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 6B3, UZP123, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Sokołowska M, Nowak-Grzebyta J, Stachowska E, Miądlicki P, Zdanowicz M, Michalkiewicz B, El Fray M. Enzymatically catalyzed furan-based copolyesters containing dilinoleic diol as a building block. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22234-22249. [PMID: 37492515 PMCID: PMC10363961 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A more environmentally friendly method for creating sustainable alternatives to traditional aromatic-aliphatic polyesters is a valuable step towards resource-efficiency optimization. A library of furan-based block copolymers was synthesized via temperature-varied two-step polycondensation reaction in diphenyl ether using Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as a biocatalyst where dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DMFDCA), α,ω-aliphatic linear diols (α,ω-ALD), and bio-based dilinoleic diol (DLD) were used as the starting materials. Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were used to analyze the resulting copolymers. Additionally, crystallization behavior and thermal properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), digital holographic microscopy (DHM), and differential scanning microscopy (DSC). Finally, oxygen transmission rates (OTR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) of furan-based copolyesters indicated their potential for medical packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Sokołowska
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Jagoda Nowak-Grzebyta
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ul. Piotrowo 3 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ul. Piotrowo 3 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Piotr Miądlicki
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Engineering of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Department Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Magdalena Zdanowicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Food Sciences, Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials Ul. Janickiego 35 71-270 Szczecin Poland
| | - Beata Michalkiewicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Engineering of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Department Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science Al. Piastow 45 71-311 Szczecin Poland
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Flores I, Pérez-Camargo RA, Gabirondo E, Caputo MR, Liu G, Wang D, Sardon H, Müller AJ. Unexpected Structural Properties in the Saturation Region of the Odd–Even Effects in Aliphatic Polyethers: Influence of Crystallization Conditions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Flores
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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De Vos L, Van de Voorde B, Van Daele L, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: From current developments in synthetic strategies towards applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Tashiro K, Yamamoto H. Structural Evolution Mechanism of Crystalline Polymers in the Isothermal Melt-Crystallization Process: A Proposition Based on Simultaneous WAXD/SAXS/FTIR Measurements. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081316. [PMID: 31390825 PMCID: PMC6723153 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved simultaneous measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) (and FTIR spectra) were performed for various kinds of crystalline polymers in isothermal melt-crystallization processes, from which the common features of the structural evolution process as well as the different behaviors intrinsic to the individual polymer species were extracted. The polymers targeted here were polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, aliphatic nylon, vinylidene fluoride copolymer, trans-polyisoprene, and poly(alkylene terephthalate). A universal concept of the microscopically viewed structural evolution process in isothermal crystallization may be described as follows: (i) the small domains composed of locally regular but more or less disordered helical chain segments are created in the melt (this important information was obtained by the IR spectral data analysis); (ii) these domains grow larger as the length and number of more regular helical segments increase with time; (iii) the correlation among the domains becomes stronger and they approach each other; and (iv) they merge into the stacked lamellar structure consisting of the regularly arranged crystalline lattices. The inner structure of the domains is different depending on the polymer species, as known from the IR spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Tashiro
- Department of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
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7
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Marubayashi H, Ushio T, Nojima S. Crystal Polymorphism of Biobased Polyester Composed of Isomannide and Succinic Acid. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Synthesis of precisely diphenyl ether-functionalized polyethylene via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Woo EM, Lee M. Crystallization in arylate polyesters to periodically ringed assembly. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Syuan Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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10
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Crystallization of polyesters composed of isohexides and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: Effects of isohexide stereoisomerism and dicarboxylic acid chain length. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Loos K. A biocatalytic approach towards sustainable furanic–aliphatic polyesters. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of sustainable furanic–aliphatic polyesters and oligoesters is successfully producedvia Candida antarcticaLipase B-catalyzed polymerization of biobased dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate with various (potentially) renewable aliphatic diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja Loos
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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TASHIRO K, HANESAKA M, YAMAMOTO H, WASANASUK K, JAYARATRI P, YOSHIZAWA Y, TANAKA I, NIIMURA N, KUSAKA K, HOSOYA T, OHHARA T, KURIHARA K, KUROKI R, TAMADA T, FUJIWARA S, KATSUBE K, MORIKAWA K, KOMIYA Y, KITANO T, NISHU T, OZEKI T. Accurate Structure Analyses of Polymer Crystals on the Basis of Wide-Angle X-ray and Neutron Diffractions. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2014. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.71.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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