1
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Oki O, Noguchi SI, Nakayama S, Yamagishi H, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T, Yamamoto Y. Spontaneous Formation of π-Conjugated Polymeric Colloidal Molecules Through Stepwise Coacervation and Symmetric Compartmentalization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404934. [PMID: 39385637 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Coacervation, the phase separation of liquid induced by polymeric solutes, sometimes results in the formation of oligomeric clusters of droplets. The morphology of the clusters is non-uniform because the clustering is a consequence of the random collisions of the drifting droplets. Here we report distinctively organized coacervation, yielding colloidal molecules with monodisperse size, morphological symmetry, and compositional heterogeneity. We investigate the coacervation of a mixture of two types of synthetic polymers and find that one of the polymers coacervates first and serves as a core droplet, on which the other polymer coacervates subsequently to form satellite droplets. The satellite droplets arrange themselves symmetrically around the core and solidify without losing the morphology. The number of satellites and their symmetry are modulable depending on the chemical affinity and the diameter of the droplets. This finding highlights the capability of coacervation as a non-templated and non-covalent pathway to form aspherical colloidal materials with structural and functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Oki
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macro-molecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Shun-Ichiro Noguchi
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Sota Nakayama
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
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2
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An experimental study on emulsion polymerization for formation of monodisperse particles smaller than 50 nm. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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3
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The role of vinyl terminated silanes for producing highly concentrated polystyrene slurries in a single step process. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Kosmulski M, Mączka E, Ruchomski L. The effect of sodium octadecyl sulfate on the electrokinetic potential of metal oxides. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Ouchi S, Yamada N, Yamamoto T. Size Control of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Synthesized in Melamine Foam. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ouchi
- Department of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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6
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Yamamoto T, Furuta R, Arakawa K, Teshima A. Relationship between dispersion-forming capability of poly(4-vinylaniline) colloids and antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Li X, Huang Y, Dan Y. Synthesis of sub-100 nm PMMA nanoparticles initiated by ammonium persulfate/ascorbic acid in acetone-water mixture. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Yahata A, Ishii H, Nakamura K, Watanabe K, Nagao D. Three-dimensional periodic structures of gold nanoclusters in the interstices of sub-100 nm polymer particles toward surface-enhanced Raman scattering. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Liu B, Bai Y, Sun C, Chen M, Cao Z, Du S, Xu L, Zhang M. Synthesis of monodisperse, re-dispersable polymer particles by one-step high solid emulsion polymerization in the presence of reactive surfactant. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1505527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Yang Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Chunfu Sun
- Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Jilin, China
| | - Zhichen Cao
- Jilin Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Lu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun,China
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10
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Cheng D, Ariafar S, Sheibat-Othman N, Pohn J, McKenna TFL. Particle Coagulation of Emulsion Polymers: A Review of Experimental and Modelling Studies. POLYM REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1405979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Cheng
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés (C2P2)-LCPP group, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Solmaz Ariafar
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés (C2P2)-LCPP group, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nida Sheibat-Othman
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, LAGEP UMR 5007, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jordan Pohn
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés (C2P2)-LCPP group, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Timothy F. L. McKenna
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés (C2P2)-LCPP group, Villeurbanne, France
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11
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Pan X, Yang F, Chen S, Zhu X, Wang C. Cooperative Effects of Zwitterionic-Ionic Surfactant Mixtures on the Interfacial Water Structure Revealed by Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5273-5278. [PMID: 29672067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative effects of a series of equimolar binary zwitterionic-ionic surfactant mixtures on the interfacial water structure at the air-water interfaces have been studied by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS). For zwitterionic surfactant palmityl sulfobetaine (SNC16), anionic surfactant sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS), and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with the same length of alkyl chain, significantly enhanced ordering of interfacial water molecules was observed for the zwitterionic-anionic surfactant mixtures SNC16-SHS, indicating that SNC16 interacts more strongly with SHS than with CTAB because of the strong headgroup-headgroup electrostatic attraction for SNC16-SHS. Meanwhile, the SFG amplitude ratio of methyl and methylene symmetric stretching modes was used to verify the stronger interaction between SNC16 and SHS. The conformational order indicator increased from 0.64 for SNC16 to 7.17 for SNC16-SHS but only 0.94 for SNC16-CTAB. In addition, another anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was introduced to study the influence of chain-chain interaction. Decreased SFG amplitude of interfacial water molecules for SNC16-SDS was observed. Therefore, both the headgroup-headgroup electrostatic interaction and chain-chain van der Waals attractive interaction of the surfactants play an important role in enhancing the ordering of interfacial water molecules. The results provided experimental and theoretical bases for practical applications of the surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Pan
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , Xinjiang , China
- Laboratory of Nanofiber Membrane Materials and Devices , Xinjiang University Institute of Science and Technology , 1 Xuefu Road , Akesu 843100 , Xinjiang , China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , Xinjiang , China
| | - Shunli Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , Xinjiang , China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , Xinjiang , China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 40-1 South Beijing Road , Urumqi 830011 , Xinjiang , China
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12
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Zhang C, Guo M, Fang W, Xu L. Kinetic and particle size studies of emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene with using polyamidoamine dendrimer as seed. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1432288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Ming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Ahut Chemical Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Ma'anshan, China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hexian Development Institute of Chemical Industry, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, China
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13
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Liu B, Fu Z, Meng W, Chen M, Wu G, Zhang M, Zhang H. New insights on in situ charge neutralization governing particle size distribution in macroemulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Liu B, Fu Z, Han Y, Zhang M, Zhang H. Facile synthesis of large sized and monodispersed polymer particles using particle coagulation mechanism: an overview. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Role of Acetone in the Formation of Highly Dispersed Cationic Polystyrene Nanoparticles. CHEMICAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cpe-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A modified emulsion polymerisation synthesis route for preparing highly dispersed cationic polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles is reported. The combined use of 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin- 2-yl)propane] di-hydrochloride (VA-044) as the initiator and acetone/water as the solvent medium afforded successful synthesis of cationic PS particles as small as 31 nm in diameter. A formation mechanism for the preparation of PS nanoparticles was proposed, whereby the occurrence of rapid acetone diffusion caused spontaneous rupture of emulsion droplets into smaller droplets. Additionally, acetone helped to reduce the surface tension and increase the solubility of styrene, thus inhibiting aggregation and coagulation among the particles. In contrast, VA-044 initiator could effectively regulate the stability of the PS nanoparticles including both the surface charge and size. Other reaction parameters i.e. VA-044 concentration and reaction time were examined to establish the optimum polymerisation conditions.
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16
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Liu B, Sun S, Zhang M, Zhang H. Synthesis of large-scale, narrowly dispersed, highly cross-linked, and spherical latex particles via one-step emulsion polymerization through particle coagulation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1225508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baijun Liu
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Shicheng Sun
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Material and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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17
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Particle size control in the soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene by an oil-soluble initiator with a weakly acidic water-soluble initiator. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of large-scale, monodisperse latex particles via one-step emulsion polymerization through in situ charge neutralization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Preparation of monodisperse, sub-micrometer polymer particles by one-step emulsion polymerization under particle coagulation. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Liu BJ, Deng YJ, Sun SL, Zhang MY, Lin RQ, Zhang HX. A novel approach to prepare large-scale and narrow-dispersed latex particles by emulsion polymerization based on particle coagulation mechanism. Des Monomers Polym 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015.1124319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Y. J. Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - S. L. Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - M. Y. Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - R. Q. Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - H. X. Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Liu B, Xu X, Zhang M, Ao Y, Zhang H. Synthesis of Sub-100 nm and Narrow Particle Size Distribution Cationic Latex by One-Step Emulsion Polymerization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1026974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Liu B, Sun S, Zhang M, Ren L, Zhang H. Facile synthesis of large scale and narrow particle size distribution polymer particles via control particle coagulation during one-step emulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Ishii H, Kuwasaki N, Nagao D, Konno M. Environmentally adaptable pathway to emulsion polymerization for monodisperse polymer nanoparticle synthesis. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Yamamoto T, Yokoyama T. Effect of Counter Ionic Radius in Initiator on Particle Size in Soap-free Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Nagao D, Yamada Y, Inukai S, Ishii H, Konno M, Gu S. Quantitative understanding of the self-sharpening of growing polymer particle size distributions in soap-free emulsion polymerization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Crosslinking network structure effects on particle coagulation in the emulsion polymerization of styrene in methanol solution. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Fan X, Liu Y, Jia X, Wang S, Li C, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Regulating the size and molecular weight of polymeric particles by 1,1-diphenylethene controlled soap-free emulsion polymerization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles with various sizes and molecular weights were produced via altering the amount of the monomer and DPE in the SFEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Xiangkun Jia
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Shenqiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Baoliang Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Hepeng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- China
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28
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Sajjadi S. Extending the limits of emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization to achieve small uniform particles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of partially water-soluble monomers often produces large and polydisperse particles. In contrast, monomer-starved semicontinuous polymerization can produce finer monodisperse particles.
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