1
|
Prabhakaran A, Jha KK, Sia RCE, Arellano Reyes RA, Sarangi NK, Kogut M, Guthmuller J, Czub J, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Keyes TE. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconverting Liposomes: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Membranes in Two-Dimensional TTA-UC. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29324-29337. [PMID: 38776974 PMCID: PMC11163426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) implemented in nanoparticle assemblies is of emerging interest in biomedical applications, including in drug delivery and imaging. As it is a bimolecular process, ensuring sufficient mobility of the sensitizer and annihilator to facilitate effective collision in the nanoparticle is key. Liposomes can provide the benefits of two-dimensional confinement and condensed concentration of the sensitizer and annihilator along with superior fluidity compared to other nanoparticle assemblies. They are also biocompatible and widely applied across drug delivery modalities. However, there are relatively few liposomal TTA-UC systems reported to date, so systematic studies of the influence of the liposomal environment on TTA-UC are currently lacking. Here, we report the first example of a BODIPY-based sensitizer TTA-UC system within liposomes and use this system to study TTA-UC generation and compare the relative intensity of the anti-Stokes signal for this system as a function of liposome composition and membrane fluidity. We report for the first time on time-resolved spectroscopic studies of TTA-UC in membranes. Nanosecond transient absorption data reveal the BODIPY-perylene dyad sensitizer has a long triplet lifetime in liposome with contributions from three triplet excited states, whose lifetimes are reduced upon coinclusion of the annihilator due to triplet-triplet energy transfer, to a greater extent than in solution. This indicates triplet energy transfer between the sensitizer and the annihilator is enhanced in the membrane system. Molecular dynamics simulations of the sensitizer and annihilator TTA collision complex are modeled in the membrane and confirm the co-orientation of the pair within the membrane structure and that the persistence time of the bound complex exceeds the TTA kinetics. Modeling also reliably predicted the diffusion coefficient for the sensitizer which matches closely with the experimental values from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The relative intensity of the TTA-UC output across nine liposomal systems of different lipid compositions was explored to examine the influence of membrane viscosity on upconversion (UC). UC showed the highest relative intensity for the most fluidic membranes and the weakest intensity for highly viscous membrane compositions, including a phase separation membrane. Overall, our study reveals that the co-orientation of the UC pair within the membrane is crucial for effective TTA-UC within a biomembrane and that the intensity of the TTA-UC output can be tuned in liposomal nanoparticles by modifying the phase and fluidity of the liposome. These new insights will aid in the design of liposomal TTA-UC systems for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Prabhakaran
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Keshav Kumar Jha
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Rengel Cane E. Sia
- Institute
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics
and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ruben Arturo Arellano Reyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nirod Kumar Sarangi
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mateusz Kogut
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Institute
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics
and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su M, Ruan L, Dong X, Tian S, Lang W, Wu M, Chen Y, Lv Q, Lei L. Current state of knowledge on intelligent-response biological and other macromolecular hydrogels in biomedical engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:472-492. [PMID: 36549612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because intelligent hydrogels have good biocompatibility, a rapid response, and good degradability as well as a stimulus response mode that is rich, hydrophilic, and similar to the softness and elasticity of living tissue, they have received widespread attention and are widely used in biomedical engineering. In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the use of smart hydrogels in biomedical engineering. First, we introduce the properties and applications of hydrogels and compare the similarities and differences between traditional hydrogels and smart hydrogels. Secondly, we summarize the intelligent hydrogel types, the mechanisms of action used by different hydrogels, and the materials for preparing different types of hydrogels, such as the materials for the preparation of temperature-responsive hydrogels, which mainly include gelatin, carrageenan, agarose, amylose, etc.; summarize the morphologies of different hydrogels, such as films, fibers and microspheres; and summarize the application of smart hydrogels in biomedical engineering, such as for the delivery of proteins, antibiotics, deoxyribonucleic acid, etc. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings of current research and present future prospects for smart hydrogels. The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers engaged in related fields with a systematic review of the application of intelligent hydrogels in biomedical engineering. We hope that they will get some inspiration from this work to provide new directions for the development of related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengrong Su
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Lian Ruan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Institute of Medicine Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shujing Tian
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Wen Lang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maity T, Paul S, De P. Side-chain amino acid-based macromolecular architectures. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2169158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Maity
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumya Paul
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nayak K, De P. Crosslinked polymethacrylate absorbent with phenylalanine and stearate pendants. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2141124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturee Nayak
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghorai S, Jana B, Pan D, Ramasamy T, Parshi N, Arumugam G, Ganguly J. Evaluation of nanofibril chitosan@8‐formyl‐7‐hydroxy‐coumarin hydrogel having distinct auto‐fluorescence efficiency: Structure–properties relation, improved antioxidant, and cellular imaging. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah India
| | - Biswajit Jana
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah India
| | - Dipika Pan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah India
| | - Thilagam Ramasamy
- Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar Chennai India
| | - Nira Parshi
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah India
| | - Gnanamani Arumugam
- Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar Chennai India
| | - Jhuma Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Paul S, Pan S, Mukherjee A, De P. Nitric Oxide Releasing Delivery Platforms: Design, Detection, Biomedical Applications, and Future Possibilities. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3181-3205. [PMID: 34433264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters belong to the subfamily of endogenous gaseous signaling molecules, which find a wide range of biomedical applications. Among the various gasotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) has an enormous effect on the cardiovascular system. Apart from this, NO showed a pivotal role in neurological, respiratory, and immunological systems. Moreover, the paradoxical concentration-dependent activities make this gaseous signaling molecule more interesting. The gaseous NO has negligible stability in physiological conditions (37 °C, pH 7.4), which restricts their potential therapeutic applications. To overcome this issue, various NO delivering carriers were reported so far. Unfortunately, most of these NO donors have low stability, short half-life, or low NO payload. Herein, we review the synthesis of NO delivering motifs, development of macromolecular NO donors, their advantages/disadvantages, and biological applications. Various NO detection analytical techniques are discussed briefly, and finally, a viewpoint about the design of polymeric NO donors with improved physicochemical characteristics is predicted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Developing poly(Agar-co-Glycerol-co-Thyme Oil) based organo-hydrogels for the controlled drug release applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
9
|
Alpaslan D, Dudu TE, Aktaş N. Synthesis and characterization of novel organo-hydrogel based agar, glycerol and peppermint oil as a natural drug carrier/release material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111534. [PMID: 33255087 PMCID: PMC7500399 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The very recent Covid-19 pandemic has made the need to understand biocompatible polymers as support material in drug delivery systems and controlled release clearer, especially for organo-hydrogels. This study aims to synthesize various new polymeric materials called gels, hydrogels, and organo-hydrogels according to the monomer used and to investigate their use as drug release systems. The agar-glycerol (AG) pair was used to synthesize the polymers, N, N, methylene bisacrylamide (MBA, m) and glutaraldehyde (GA, g) were used as cross-linkers and peppermint oil (PmO) was included to obtain the organo-hydrogels. Therefore, one AG gel and two p (AG-m) and p (GA-g) hydrogels were synthesized within the scope of the study. Six different organo-hydrogels based on p(AG-m-PmO) or p (AG-g-PmO) were also synthesized by varying the amount of peppermint oil. Paracetamol and carboplatin were selected as the sample drugs. Synthesized gels, hydrogels and organo-hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Additionally, swelling behaviors of the synthesized gels were investigated in different media (ID water, tap water, ethanol, acetone, ethanol/ID water (1:1), acetone/ID water (1:1) and gasoline) and at different pHs. Moreover, it was determined that organo-hydrogels were blood compatible and had antioxidant properties based on hemolysis, blood clotting and antioxidant analysis. Therefore, the release of paracetamol (a known antipyretic-painkiller, recommended and used in the treatment of Covid-19) and carboplatin (widely used in cancer treatment) were studied. Evidently, as the amount of PMO oil increases, the -OH groups in organo-hydrogels will increase and the chemical and physical bonding rates will increase; therefore it was observed that increasing peppermint oil in the organo-hydrogels structure to 0.3 mL stimulated the release of the drugs. For instance, maximum paracetamol release amount from p(AG-g-PmO) and p(AG-m-PmO) organo-hydrogels was calculated to be 72.3% at pH 7.4 and 69.8% at pH 2.0, respectively. The maximum carboplatin release amount from p(AG-g-PmO) and p(AG-m-PmO) organo-hydrogels was calculated to be 99.7% at pH 7.4 and 100% at pH 7.4, respectively. It was concluded that the synthesized organo-hydrogels might easily be used as drug carrier and controlled drug release materials. Novel organo-hydrogels were synthesized using agar, glycerol and peppermint oil for drug carrier and controlled release. Biocompatibility and antioxidant properties of organo-hydrogels were investigated. Covid-19 and cancer sensitive drugs (Paracetamol and Carboplatin) were accomplished. The superior properties of the synthesized organo-hydrogels make them useful in biomedical, pharmaceutical and drug delivery systems applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Alpaslan
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus, Van 65080, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Erşen Dudu
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Nahit Aktaş
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, Campus, Van 65080, Turkey; Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai J, Zhang X, Liu W, Huang J, Qiu X. Synthesis of highly conductive hydrogel with high strength and super toughness. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Ghosh P, Bera A, Ghosh A, Bhadury P, De P. Side-Chain Proline-Based Polymers as Effective Inhibitors for In Vitro Aggregation of Insulin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5407-5419. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ghosh
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Avisek Bera
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Punyasloke Bhadury
- Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goswami KG, Saha B, De P. Alternating copolymers with glycyl-glycine and alanyl-alanine side-chain pendants: synthesis, characterization and solution properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1759433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gopal Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xian C, Yuan Q, Bao Z, Liu G, Wu J. Progress on intelligent hydrogels based on RAFT polymerization: Design strategy, fabrication and the applications for controlled drug delivery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
14
|
Basu P, Saha N, Saha P. Inorganic calcium filled bacterial cellulose based hydrogel scaffold: novel biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Probal Basu
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Nabanita Saha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Saha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Basu P, Saha N, Alexandrova R, Andonova-Lilova B, Georgieva M, Miloshev G, Saha P. Biocompatibility and Biological Efficiency of Inorganic Calcium Filled Bacterial Cellulose Based Hydrogel Scaffolds for Bone Bioengineering. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3980. [PMID: 30544895 PMCID: PMC6320792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal focus of this work is the in-depth analysis of the biological efficiency of inorganic calcium-filled bacterial cellulose (BC) based hydrogel scaffolds for their future use in bone tissue engineering/bioengineering. Inorganic calcium was filled in the form of calcium phosphate (β-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA)) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). The additional calcium, CaCO₃ was incorporated following in vitro bio-mineralization. Cell viability study was performed with the extracts of BC based hydrogel scaffolds: BC-PVP, BC-CMC; BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA, BC-CMC-β-TCP/HA and BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA-CaCO₃, BC-CMC-β-TCP/HA-CaCO₃; respectively. The biocompatibility study was performed with two different cell lines, i.e., human fibroblasts, Lep-3 and mouse bone explant cells. Each hydrogel scaffold has facilitated notable growth and proliferation in presence of these two cell types. Nevertheless, the percentage of DNA strand breaks was higher when cells were treated with BC-CMC based scaffolds i.e., BC-CMC-β-TCP/HA and BC-CMC-β-TCP/HA-CaCO₃. On the other hand, the apoptosis of human fibroblasts, Lep-3 was insignificant in BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA. The scanning electron microscopy confirmed the efficient adhesion and growth of Lep-3 cells throughout the surface of BC-PVP and BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA. Hence, among all inorganic calcium filled hydrogel scaffolds, 'BC-PVP-β-TCP/HA' was recommended as an efficient tissue engineering scaffold which could facilitate the musculoskeletal (i.e., bone tissue) engineering/bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Probal Basu
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Nabanita Saha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Radostina Alexandrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Boyka Andonova-Lilova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. R. Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - George Miloshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. R. Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petr Saha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mukherjee I, Ghosh A, Bhadury P, De P. Matrix-Assisted Regulation of Antimicrobial Properties: Mechanistic Elucidation with Ciprofloxacin-Based Polymeric Hydrogel Against Vibrio Species. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:218-230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
17
|
Mohammadinezhad A, Marandi GB, Farsadrooh M, Javadian H. Synthesis of poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)/MWCNTs superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite by ultrasound-assisted technique: Swelling behavior and Pb (II) adsorption capacity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 49:1-12. [PMID: 30082252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the poly (acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (P(AAm-co-IA)/MWCNTs) as a novel superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and itaconic acid (IA) mixture in the presence of the MWCNTs using ammonium persulfate (APS) as a free radical initiator and methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker under ultrasound-assisted condition. The blank P(AAm-co-IA) hydrogel and its composite with the MWCNTs were characterized by means of SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA methods. The effects of different parameters such as pH, time, the MWCNTs content and salt solutions on swelling behavior were investigated. The stability of the hydrogel increased by any increase in the MWCNTs content, which might be attributed to the hydrophobic nature of the MWCNTs as well as the increase of the crosslinker density. The water retention capacity (WRC) of the P(AAm-co-IA) hydrogel increased in the presence of the MWCNT (10 wt%). The synthesized hydrogel nanocomposite was studied for Pb (II) adsorption from aqueous solution. The effects of different parameters such as contact time (5-90 min), Pb (II) initial concentration (25-175 mg/L) and initial pH (1.5-4.5) of solution on Pb (II) adsorption were investigated by batch method. In comparison to P(AAm-co-IA) hydrogel, the P(AAm-co-IA)/MWCNTs hydrogel nanocompoite showed better adsorption behavior toward Pb (II). One of the most important aspects of this research was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic waves on polymer matrix and its ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohammadinezhad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 31485-313, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gholam Bagheri Marandi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 31485-313, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Farsadrooh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamedreza Javadian
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Star PEG-based amphiphilic polymers: synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
19
|
Poly(acrylic acid) with benzoxazine-based supramolecular crosslinker for responsive and reversible functional hydrogel. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Li Q, Wang CF, Chen S. New Multichannel Frontal Polymerization Strategy for Scaled-up Production of Robust Hydrogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bauri K, Nandi M, De P. Amino acid-derived stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances achieved in the study of various stimuli-responsive polymers derived from natural amino acids have been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry
- Raghunathpur College
- India
| | - Mridula Nandi
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marefat Seyedlar R, Imani M, Mirabedini SM. Curing of polyfurfuryl alcohol resin catalyzed by a homologous series of dicarboxylic acid catalysts. II. Swelling behavior and thermal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965-115; Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Taylor MJ, Tomlins P, Sahota TS. Thermoresponsive Gels. Gels 2017; 3:E4. [PMID: 30920501 PMCID: PMC6318636 DOI: 10.3390/gels3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive gelling materials constructed from natural and synthetic polymers can be used to provide triggered action and therefore customised products such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine types as well as for other industries. Some materials give Arrhenius-type viscosity changes based on coil to globule transitions. Others produce more counterintuitive responses to temperature change because of agglomeration induced by enthalpic or entropic drivers. Extensive covalent crosslinking superimposes complexity of response and the upper and lower critical solution temperatures can translate to critical volume temperatures for these swellable but insoluble gels. Their structure and volume response confer advantages for actuation though they lack robustness. Dynamic covalent bonding has created an intermediate category where shape moulding and self-healing variants are useful for several platforms. Developing synthesis methodology-for example, Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) and Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP)-provides an almost infinite range of materials that can be used for many of these gelling systems. For those that self-assemble into micelle systems that can gel, the upper and lower critical solution temperatures (UCST and LCST) are analogous to those for simpler dispersible polymers. However, the tuned hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance plus the introduction of additional pH-sensitivity and, for instance, thermochromic response, open the potential for coupled mechanisms to create complex drug targeting effects at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Joan Taylor
- INsmart group, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Paul Tomlins
- INsmart group, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Tarsem S Sahota
- INsmart group, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rumyantsev AM, Pan A, Ghosh Roy S, De P, Kramarenko EY. Polyelectrolyte Gel Swelling and Conductivity vs Counterion Type, Cross-Linking Density, and Solvent Polarity. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem M. Rumyantsev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Abhishek Pan
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Saswati Ghosh Roy
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bauri K, Pan A, Haldar U, Narayanan A, De P. Exploring amino acid-tethered polymethacrylates as CO2-sensitive macromolecules: A concealed property. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bauri
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Abhishek Pan
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Ujjal Haldar
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Amal Narayanan
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Roy SG, Kumar A, De P. Amino acid containing cross-linked co-polymer gels: pH, thermo and salt responsiveness. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Patra P, Rameshbabu AP, Das D, Dhara S, Panda AB, Pal S. Stimuli-responsive, biocompatible hydrogel derived from glycogen and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for colon targeted delivery of ornidazole and 5-amino salicylic acid. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel stimuli-responsive hydrogel (cl-Gly/pNIPAm) has been fabricated using biopolymer glycogen and N-isopropylacrylamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyapratim Patra
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004
- India
| | - Arun Prabhu Rameshbabu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Dipankar Das
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004
- India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- School of Medical Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302
- India
| | - Asit Baran Panda
- Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Sagar Pal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004
- India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bauri K, Roy SG, De P. Side-Chain Amino-Acid-Derived Cationic Chiral Polymers by Controlled Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bauri
- Polymer Research Centre; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Saswati Ghosh Roy
- Polymer Research Centre; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre; Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur; 741246 Nadia West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Influence of temperature, pH and simulated biological solutions on swelling and structural properties of biomineralized (CaCO 3) PVP-CMC hydrogel. Prog Biomater 2015; 4:123-136. [PMID: 26566470 PMCID: PMC4636533 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Biomaterials having stimuli response are interesting in the biomedical field. This paper reports about swelling response and internalstructural of biomineralized (CaCO3) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel having various thicknesses (0.1–0.4 mm). Samples were tested in aqueous solution using temperature ranges from 10 to 40 °C; pH varies from 4 to 9, time 60 min. In addition, an experiment was conducted in the presence of simulated biological solutions (SBS): glucose (GS), physiological fluid (PS) and urea (US) at temperature 37 °C and pH 7.5 for 180 min. It is noticed that the maximum swelling ratio reached in 30–40 °C at pH 7 in aqueous solution. Among biological fluids, the swelling ratio shows: US > PS > GS at temperature 37 °C, pH 7.5, time 150 min. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the test sample in SBS and their non-reformative apparent structure confirm that biomineralized (CaCO3) PVP–CMC hydrogel can be acclaimed for medical application like bone tissue engineering. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
30
|
GAO XIAOYUAN, SADASIVUNI KISHORKUMAR, KIM HYUNCHAN, MIN SEUNGKI, KIM JAEHWAN. Designing pH-responsive and dielectric hydrogels from cellulose nanocrystals. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Haldar U, Bauri K, Li R, Faust R, De P. Polyisobutylene-Based pH-Responsive Self-Healing Polymeric Gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8779-88. [PMID: 25844579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the successful application of dynamic covalent chemistry for the construction of self-healing gels from side-chain primary amine leucine pendant diblock copolymers of polyisobutylene (PIB) ((P(H2N-Leu-HEMA)-b-PIB)) in the presence of PIB based dialdehyde functionalized cross-linker (HOC-PIB-CHO) through imine (-HC═N-) bond formation without aiding any external stimuli. Gels were synthesized in 1,4-dioxane at room temperature at varied wt % of gelator concentration, [H2N]/[CHO] ratios and molecular weight of the block segments. The mechanical property of gels was examined by rheological measurements. We observed higher value of storage modulus (G') than the loss modulus (G″) within the linearity limits of deformation, indicating the rheological behavior in the gel is dominated by an elastic property rather than a viscous property. The G' values significantly depend upon the extent of cross-linking in the gel network. To establish self-healing property of the gels, rheology analysis through step-strain measurements (strain = 0.1 to 200%) at 25 °C was performed. The polymeric gel network shows reversible sol-gel transition for several cycles by adjusting the pH of the medium with the help of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and triethylamine (Et3N) triggers. FT-IR spectroscopy established formation of imine bonds in the gel network and these gels showed poor swelling behavior in various organic solvents because of the small interstitial porosity, confirmed by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Haldar
- †Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Kamal Bauri
- †Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Ren Li
- ‡Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Rudolf Faust
- ‡Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Priyadarsi De
- †Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haldar U, Nandi M, Maiti B, De P. POSS-induced enhancement of mechanical strength in RAFT-made thermoresponsive hydrogels. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, covalently cross-linked thermoresponsive hydrogels were prepared with higher mechanical stability by the introduction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Haldar
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur – 741246, Nadia
- India
| | - Mridula Nandi
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur – 741246, Nadia
- India
| | - Binoy Maiti
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur – 741246, Nadia
- India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur – 741246, Nadia
- India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qian YC, Chen PC, Zhu XY, Huang XJ. Click synthesis of ionic strength-responsive polyphosphazene hydrogel for reversible binding of enzymes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemically crosslinkable cationic polyphosphazene was synthesized and fabricated into hydrogels via thiol–ene click chemistry for reversible enzyme binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Cheng Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Peng-Cheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| |
Collapse
|