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Wang B, Sun C, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Cao Y, Song Y, Wang W. Improved mechanical properties of in situ microfibrillar polypropylene/polyamide6 composites through constructing strong interfacial adhesion. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Canchen Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yanxia Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Wanjie Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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2
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Kuzmanović M, Delva L, Cardon L, Ragaert K. Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003938. [PMID: 33191562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix can be achieved. Their potentially excellent mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the fibrils, which is developed through a three-stage production process: melt blending, fibrillation, and isotropization. During melt blending, the polymers undergo different morphological changes, such as a breakup and coalescence of the droplets, which play a crucial role in defining the microstructure. During processing, various parameters may affect the morphology of the MFCs, which must be taken into account. Besides the processing parameters, the microstructure of the composite is dependent on the composition ratio of the blend and viscosity of the components, as well as the dispersion and distribution of the microfibrils. The objective here is to outline this importance and bring together an overview of the processing-structure-property relationship for MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Laurens Delva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
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Wang Y, Sun W, Liu S, Ji H, Chen X, Zhu H, Zhao H, Ma Y, Xie L. The Formation of a Highly Oriented Structure and Improvement of Properties in PP/PA6 Polymer Blends during Extrusion-Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040878. [PMID: 32290221 PMCID: PMC7240534 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the “slit die extrusion-hot stretching” process, highly oriented polyamide 6 (PA6) dispersed phase was produced and retained in the polypropylene (PP) matrix directly. By adjusting the stretching forces, the PA6 spherical phase evolved into the ellipsoid, rod-like microfibril with a decreasing average diameter; then, the PA6 microfibrils broke. Moreover, the effects of the PA6 phases formed in the process of the microfibrillation on PP’s crystallization behaviors were studied systematically. As the stretching forces increased, the crystallization ability and orientation degree of PP crystals improved significantly. Differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy confirmed the formation of PP spherulite, fan-shaped lamellae and a transcrystalline layer under the induction of the PA6 phases with different morphology. In the PP/PA6 microfibrilar composites (MFCs), PP crystals showed smaller average size, more crystals and stronger interface adhesion due to more excellent heterogeneous nucleation ability of the PA6 microfibrils, which made contributions to the improvement of the melt elasticity responses and oxygen barrier properties of the PP/PA6 polymer blends.
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4
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Jiang Y, Wu J, Leng J, Cardon L, Zhang J. Reinforced and toughened PP/PS composites prepared by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with in-situ microfibril and shish-kebab structure. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Du ZC, Yang H, Luo XH, Xie ZX, Fu Q, Gao XQ. The Role of Mold Temperature on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PE Pipe Produced by Rotational Shear. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Liu L, Huang YH, Xie DD, Chen LB, Chen R, Liu ZY, Yang W, Yang MB. Role of Controlled Diameter of Polyamide 6 (PA6) Fibers on the Formation of Interfacial Hybrid Crystal Morphology in HDPE/PA6 Microfibril Blend. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Hao Huang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Bo Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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7
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Jiang Y, Mi D, Wang Y, Wang T, Shen K, Zhang J. Insight into Understanding the Influence of Blending Ratio on the Structure and Properties of High-Density Polyethylene/Polystyrene Microfibril Composites Prepared by Vibration Injection Molding. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dashan Mi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kaizhi Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Yang B, Ding M, Shi Y, Hu L, Xia R, Miao JB, Cao M, Qian JS, Chen P, Zhang YC, Fu EF. Temperature and shear rate distributions of gas-assisted injection molded (GAIM) polypropylene and the application in forecast of cooling time. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Mengya Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - You Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Lei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Ru Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Ji-Bin Miao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Ming Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Jia-Sheng Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - Yu-Chuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 Anhui China
| | - En-Fa Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
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9
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Wu GG, Xu LY, Chen WB, Ding C, Liu ZY, Yang W, Yang MB. Oriented polypropylene cast films consisted of β-transcrystals induced by the nucleating agent self-assembly and its homogeneous membranes with high porosity. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Mi D, Hou F, Zhou M, Zhang J. Improving the mechanical and thermal properties of shish-kebab via partial melting and re-crystallization. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Zhu CX, Xia XC, Huang YH, Xie DD, Chen R, Yang MB. Influence of HMW tail chains on the structural evolution of HDPE induced by second melt penetration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17745-17755. [PMID: 28657105 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02104f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the role of the high molecular weight (HMW) component is cooperative in shear-induced crystallization, owing to entanglements among long chains. However, this paper demonstrates that the HMW component has a novel effect on structural evolution during the process of multi-melt multi-injection molding (M3IM), organized as follows. First, the appropriate HDPE system with an incremental concentration of HMW tails was established. Second, the crystalline morphologies and orientation behaviors of the M3IM samples were characterized using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering (2D-SAXS), and these suggested that the amount of shish-kebabs was not monotonically promoted with an increasing content of HMW tails but tended to reduce at a certain value. Third, in order to explain this phenomenon, the special temperature and shear profiles of M3IM were depicted subsequently, and finally the mechanism of hierarchical structure formation with the influence of various amounts of HMW tail chains was discussed, based on the classical rheological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Hao Huang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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12
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Xie DD, Xia XC, Huang YH, Chen R, Xie BH, Yang MB. The massive formation of hybrid shish-kebab structures in HDPE/PA6 microfibril blend subjected to melt second flow. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hao Huang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Hu Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
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13
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Xia XC, Yang W, Liu ZY, Zhang RY, Xie DD, Yang MB. Strong shear-driven large scale formation of hybrid shish-kebab in carbon nanofiber reinforced polyethylene composites during the melt second flow. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30452-30461. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04901j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strong shear drives the large scale formation of hybrid shish-kebab in carbon nanofiber reinforced polyethylene composites during the melt second flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Rui-Yan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, and The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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14
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Xu H, Yang H, Zhang L, Ni Q, Gong F. Preparation and properties of polycarbonate nanocomposites using attapulgite grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) as a potential nanofiller. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University; Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Haicun Yang
- Institute of Functional Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Liu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University; Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Qingting Ni
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University; Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Fanghong Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University; Changzhou 213164 China
- School of Mechanical Technology, Wuxi Institute of Technology; Wuxi 214121 China
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15
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Zhang RY, Yang W, Zhang QP, Xia XC, Zhu CX, He S, Huang YH, Liu ZY, Yang MB. Hierarchical crystalline morphologies induced by a distinctly different melt penetrating process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18885g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is the first time that hierarchically crystalline morphologies induced by melt penetration of the melt with different interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Shan He
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hao Huang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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16
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Li Z, Sun C, Li X, Zhang Q, Fu Q. In situ formation of polypropylene (PP) fibrils in the olefinic block copolymer (OBC): effect of viscosity ratio and OBC block architecture. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The universality of MFC concept is proven by using different PP to modify OBC with variable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Chengxiao Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
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