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Zhang W, Wu G, Zeng H, Li Z, Wu W, Jiang H, Zhang W, Wu R, Huang Y, Lei Z. The Preparation, Structural Design, and Application of Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Materials for Wearable Sensors and Human Energy Harvesters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2766. [PMID: 37447413 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, film-forming ability, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electroactive properties, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PVDF-based polymers are widely used in sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc. In this review, the recent research progress on the PVDF phase structures and identification of different phases is outlined. Several approaches for obtaining the electroactive phase of PVDF and preparing PVDF-based nanocomposites are described. Furthermore, the potential applications of these materials in wearable sensors and human energy harvesters are discussed. Finally, some challenges and perspectives for improving the properties and boosting the applications of these materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Hailan Zeng
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Haiyun Jiang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ruomei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
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Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Sena-Fernández J, Rebollar E, Ezquerra TA, Hermoso-Pinilla FJ, Sanz M, Gálvez O, Nogales A. Development of polar phases in ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanoparticles. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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María N, Maiz J, Martínez-Tong DE, Alegria A, Algarni F, Zapzas G, Hadjichristidis N, Müller AJ. Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2442. [PMID: 34372044 PMCID: PMC8348057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers based on polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with compositions PM23-b-PVDF77 and PM38-b-PVDF62 (where the subscripts indicate the relative compositions in wt%) were compared with blends of neat components with identical compositions. The samples were studied by SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), BDS (broadband dielectric spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The results showed that the blends are immiscible, while the diblock copolymers are miscible in the melt state (or very weakly segregated). The PVDF component crystallization was studied in detail. It was found that the polymorphic structure of PVDF was a strong function of its environment. The number of polymorphs and their amount depended on whether it was on its own as a homopolymer, as a block component in the diblock copolymers or as an immiscible phase in the blends. The cooling rate in non-isothermal crystallization or the crystallization temperature in isothermal tests also induced different polymorphic compositions in the PVDF crystals. As a result, we were able to produce samples with exclusive ferroelectric phases at specific preparation conditions, while others with mixtures of paraelectric and ferroelectric phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás María
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Jon Maiz
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fatimah Algarni
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - George Zapzas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Preparation, Physical Properties, and Applications of Water-Based Functional Polymer Inks. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091419. [PMID: 33925696 PMCID: PMC8124647 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, water-based functional polymer inks are prepared using different solvent displacement methods, in particular, polymer functional inks based on semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) and its copolymers with trifluoroethylene. The nanoparticles that are included in the inks are prepared by miniemulsion, as well as flash and dialysis nanoprecipitation techniques and we discuss the properties of the inks obtained by each technique. Finally, an example of the functionality of a semiconducting/ferroelectric polymer coating prepared from water-based inks is presented.
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