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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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Seo H, Kim M, Yu Y, Chae C, Lee J. Synthesis of bottlebrush block copolymers from bottlebrush polystyrene and bottlebrush random copolymer of
ω
‐end‐norbornyl polymethacrylates and their self‐assembly. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho‐Bin Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and CatalysisGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Myung‐Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and CatalysisGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and CatalysisGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Geun Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and CatalysisGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and CatalysisGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Republic of Korea
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3
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Chen Y, Sun Z, Li H, Dai Y, Hu Z, Huang H, Shi Y, Li Y, Chen Y. Molecular Bottlebrushes Featuring Brush-on-Brush Architecture. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:749-753. [PMID: 35619534 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular bottlebrushes featuring brush-on-brush (BoB) architecture were prepared by combining azide-alkyne click chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Primary side chains of diblock copolymers with a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) block and a poly(α-bromo-ε-caprolactone) (P(CL-Br)) block were synthesized by ROP and then grafted onto PCL backbone by the click reaction. Then the secondary side chains of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) acrylate) (POEGA) were grafted from the P(CL-Br) block by ATRP, yielding an amphiphilic core/shell structure. Imaging of individual macromolecules by atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated dramatically thickened wormlike formation with distinct hairy side chains. Interestingly, for the BoB molecular bottlebrushes with enough long primary and secondary side chains, sufficient tension can be generated along the backbone and thus lead to its cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziyang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huaan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunkai Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhitao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huahua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology Guangdong, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Appold M, Bareuther J, Gallei M. Anionic Grafting to Strategies for Functional Polymethacrylates: Convenient Preparation of Stimuli‐Responsive Block Copolymer Architectures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appold
- Ernst‐Berl‐Institue for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jennifer Bareuther
- Ernst‐Berl‐Institue for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst‐Berl‐Institue for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular ChemistryTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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5
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Appold M, Rüttiger C, Kuttich B, Stühn B, Gallei M. Polyvinylpyridine-Grafted Block Copolymers by an Iterative All-Anionic Polymerization Strategy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appold
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Björn Kuttich
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Hochschulstraße 6 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Hochschulstraße 6 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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6
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Xie Y, Chang JJ, Wu YB, Yang D, Wang H, Zhang T, Li SX, Guo WL. Synthesis and properties of bromide- functionalized poly(isobutylene-co-p- methylstyrene) random copolymer. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Jin-jie Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Yi-bo Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Shu-xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
| | - Wen-li Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials; Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology; Beijing 102617 China
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7
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Liu P, Ma H, Huang W, Shen H, Wu L, Li Y, Wang Y. The determination of sequence distribution in the living anionic copolymerization of styrene and strong electron-donating DPE derivative-1,1-bis(4-N,N-dimethylanimophenyl)ethylene. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kim H, Bang KT, Choi I, Lee JK, Choi TL. Diversity-Oriented Polymerization: One-Shot Synthesis of Library of Graft and Dendronized Polymers by Cu-Catalyzed Multicomponent Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8612-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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9
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Rüttiger C, Appold M, Didzoleit H, Eils A, Dietz C, Stark RW, Stühn B, Gallei M. Structure Formation of Metallopolymer-Grafted Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl-Institute
for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Ernst-Berl-Institute
for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Haiko Didzoleit
- Institute
of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adjana Eils
- Center
of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str.
16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Physics
of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Dietz
- Center
of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str.
16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Physics
of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert W. Stark
- Center
of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str.
16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Physics
of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute
of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl-Institute
for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Ma H, Wang Q, Sang W, Han L, Liu P, Sheng H, Wang Y, Li Y. Facile Synthesis of DendriMac Polymers via the Combination of Living Anionic Polymerization and Highly Efficient Coupling Reactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:168-73. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ma
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Sang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Li Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Pibo Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Heyu Sheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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11
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Li Z, Chen Y. Special issue—New application of organic reactions for controlling polymer architectures. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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