One-pot polymer conjugation on carbon nanotubes through simultaneous π–π stacking and the Biginelli reaction

Stepping Further from Coupling Tools: Development of Functional Polymers via the Biginelli Reaction

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been used to prepare polymers with appealing functions. The Biginelli reaction, one of the oldest and most famous MCRs, has sparked new scientific discoveries in polymer chemistry since 2013. Recent years have seen the Biginelli reaction stepping further from simple coupling tools; for example, the functions of the Biginelli product 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-(thi)ones (DHPM(T)) have been gradually exploited to develop new functional polymers. In this mini-review, we mainly summarize the recent progress of using the Biginelli reaction to identify polymers for biomedical applications. These polymers have been documented as antioxidants, anticancer agents, and bio-imaging probes. Moreover, we also provide a brief introduction to some emerging applications of the Biginelli reaction in materials and polymer science. Finally, we present our perspectives for the further development of the Biginelli reaction in polymer chemistry.

Materials Functionalization with Multicomponent Reactions: State of the Art

The emergence of neoteric synthetic routes for materials functionalization is an interesting phenomenon in materials chemistry. In particular, the union of materials chemistry with multicomponent reactions (MCRs) opens a new avenue leading to the realm of highly innovative functionalized architectures with unique features. MCRs have recently been recognized as considerable part of the synthetic chemist's toolbox due to their great efficiency, inherent molecular diversity, atom and pot economy along with operational simplicity. Also, MCRs can improve E-factor and mass intensity as important green chemistry metrics. By rational tuning of the materials, as well as the MCRs, wide ranges of functionalized materials can be produced with tailorable properties that can play important roles in the plethora of applications. To date, there has not reported any exclusive review of a materials functionalization with MCRs. This critical review highlights the state-of-the-art on the one-pot functionalization of carbonaceous and siliceous materials, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, synthetic polymers, etc., via diverse kind of MCRs like Ugi, Passerini, Petasis, Khabachnik-Fields, Biginelli, and MALI reactions through covalent or noncovalent manners. Besides the complementary discussion of synthetic routes, superior properties and detailed applicability of each functionalized material in modern technologies are discussed. Our outlook also emphasizes future strategies for this unprecedented area and their use as materials for industrial implementation. With no doubt, MCRs-functionalization of materials bridges the gap between materials science domain and applied chemistry.

Facile preparation of water-soluble hyperbranched polyamine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for high-efficiency organic dye removal from aqueous solution

Water-soluble hyperbranched polyamine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite (WHPA-OMCNT) was successfully prepared and applied to water remediation in this paper. WHPA-OMCNT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses. WHPA-OMCNT exhibited excellent adsorption performance for removal of organic dyes e.g., methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG) and methyl violet (MV). The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 800.0 mg g^-1 for MB, 840.3 mg g^-1 for MG and 970.9 mg g^-1 for MV under the optimal conditions. The pseudo-second order equation and the Langmuir model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic and isotherm data for all three pollutants, respectively. The thermodynamic results (ΔG < 0, ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0) implied that the adsorption process of MB, MG and MV was feasible, exothermic and spontaneous in nature. A possible adsorption mechanism has been proposed, where H-bonding, electrostatic attraction and π-π stacking interactions dominated the adsorption of the organic dyes. In addition, the excellent reproducibility endowed WHPA-OMCNT with the potential for application in water treatment.

Post-polymerization modification via the Biginelli reaction to prepare water-soluble polymer adhesives

A copolymer precursor containing the β-ketoester moiety has been modified through the Biginelli reaction to get several water-soluble adhesives which are comparable to commercial glues.

Recent developments in polydopamine: an emerging soft matter for surface modification and biomedical applications

After more than four billion years of evolution, nature has created a large number of fascinating living organisms, which show numerous peculiar structures and wonderful properties. Nature can provide sources of plentiful inspiration for scientists to create various materials and devices with special functions and uses. Since Messersmith proposed the fabrication of multifunctional coatings through mussel-inspired chemistry, this field has attracted considerable attention for its promising and exiciting applications. Polydopamine (PDA), an emerging soft matter, has been demonstrated to be a crucial component in mussel-inspired chemistry. In this review, the recent developments of PDA for mussel-inspired surface modification are summarized and discussed. The biomedical applications of PDA-based materials are also highlighted. We believe that this review can provide important and timely information regarding mussel-inspired chemistry and will be of great interest for scientists in the chemistry, materials, biology, medicine and interdisciplinary fields.

Functional Interfaces Constructed by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization for Analytical Chemistry

The high-value applications of functional polymers in analytical science generally require well-defined interfaces, including precisely synthesized molecular architectures and compositions. Controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has been developed as a versatile and powerful tool for the preparation of polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and predetermined molecular weights. Among the CRP system, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) are well-used to develop new materials for analytical science, such as surface-modified core-shell particles, monoliths, MIP micro- or nanospheres, fluorescent nanoparticles, and multifunctional materials. In this review, we summarize the emerging functional interfaces constructed by RAFT and ATRP for applications in analytical science. Various polymers with precisely controlled architectures including homopolymers, block copolymers, molecular imprinted copolymers, and grafted copolymers were synthesized by CRP methods for molecular separation, retention, or sensing. We expect that the CRP methods will become the most popular technique for preparing functional polymers that can be broadly applied in analytical chemistry.

Fabrication of amphiphilic fluorescent nanoparticles with an AIE feature via a one-pot clickable mercaptoacetic acid locking imine reaction: synthesis, self-assembly and bioimaging

Water dispersible and non-toxic AIE active fluorescent organic nanoparticles were fabricatedviaa one-pot clickable mercaptoacetic acid locking imine reaction.

Multicomponent Copolycondensates via the Simultaneous Hantzsch and Biginelli Reactions

The tricomponent Biginelli reaction and the tetracomponent Hantzsch reaction which share the same reaction modules (aldehyde and β-ketone ester) have been found compatible. Therefore, a series of copolycondensates containing both 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (3,4-DHPM) in the main chains via the simultaneous Hantzsch and Biginelli reactions have been facilely synthesized. The ratio of 1,4-DHP and 3,4-DHPM in the polymer congeners could be easily tuned by changing the feeding ratio of reactants, and the thermal properties of the obtained polymers are thereby adjusted. As the first attempt to prepare copolycondensate through the combination of two multicomponent reactions (MCRs), the current method revealed and utilized the interesting compatibility between MCRs, providing a new strategy to prepare multicomponent functional polymers.

Carbon nanotube based polymer nanocomposites: biomimic preparation and organic dye adsorption applications

Poly(sodium-p-styrene sulfonate) modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been prepared via a combination of mussel inspired chemistry and SET-LRP, and utilized for methylene blue removal with high efficiency.

One-pot polymer modification of carbon nanotubes through mercaptoacetic acid locking imine reaction and π–π stacking

Mercaptoacetic acid locking imine (MALI) reaction has been reassessed as a tricomponent click reaction to collaborate with supramolecular interaction (π–π stacking) to efficiently and facilely modify carbon nanotube surface with polymers.

Mussel inspired functionalization of carbon nanotubes for heavy metal ion removal

Polyethylenimine functionalized carbon nanotubes were prepared through mussel inspired chemistry and the Michael addition reaction, and utilized for the adsorption of Cu²⁺ from water.

The Ugi reaction in polymer chemistry: syntheses, applications and perspectives

The well-known Ugi reaction is becoming a novel, efficient and useful tool to prepare multifunctional polymers.