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Wei P, Huang D, Luo C, Sui Y, Li X, Liu Q, Zhu B, Cong C, Zhou Q, Meng X. High-performance sandwich-structure PI/SPEEK+HPW nanofiber composite membrane with balanced proton conductivity and stability. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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2
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Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214252. [PMID: 36430726 PMCID: PMC9694323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.
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Agudelo NA, Echeverri-Cuartas CE, López BL. Composite Membranes Based on Functionalized Mesostructured Cellular Foam Particles and Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Sulfone) with Potential Application in Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1075. [PMID: 36363630 PMCID: PMC9692639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composite polymeric membranes were designed based on sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) (sPEES) and mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica nanoparticles functionalized with organic compounds. Parameters such as molecular weight (MW) of the polymer, nature of the functional group of the MCF silica, and percentage of silica charge were evaluated on the final properties of the membranes. Composite membrane characterization was carried out on their water retention capacity (high MW polymer between 20-46% and for the low MW between 20-60%), ion exchange capacity (IEC) (high MW polymer between 0.02 mmol/g-0.07 mmol/g and low MW between 0.03-0.09 mmol/g) and proton conductivity (high MW polymer molecular between 15-70 mS/cm and low MW between 0.1-150 mS/cm). Finally, the membrane prepared with the low molecular weight polymer and 3% wt. of functionalized silica with sulfonic groups exhibited results similar to Nafion® 117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Agudelo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Formulaciones Químicas/Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad EIA, Calle 23 AA Sur Nro. 5-200, Kilómetro 2+200 Variante al Aeropuerto José María Córdova, Envigado 055428, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Claudia E. Echeverri-Cuartas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Biomédica (GIBEC)/Escuela de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad EIA, Calle 23 AA Sur Nro. 5-200, Kilómetro 2+200 Variante al Aeropuerto José María Córdova, Envigado 055428, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Betty L. López
- Grupo de Ciencia de los Materiales/Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Dirección: calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín 050004, Antioquia, Colombia
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4
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Modified sulfonated polyphenylsulfone proton exchange membrane with enhanced fuel cell performance: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Panawong C, Tasarin S, Saejueng P, Budsombat S. Composite proton conducting membranes from crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan and silica particles containing poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propansulfonic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonnakarn Panawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sawanya Tasarin
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Pranorm Saejueng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand
| | - Surangkhana Budsombat
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
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Kim M, Ko H, Nam SY, Kim K. Study on Control of Polymeric Architecture of Sulfonated Hydrocarbon-Based Polymers for High-Performance Polymer Electrolyte Membranes in Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3520. [PMID: 34685282 PMCID: PMC8539910 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an eco-friendly energy conversion device that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy without emission of harmful oxidants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and/or sulfur oxides (SOx) during operation. Nafion®, a representative perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer-based membrane, is generally incorporated in fuel cell systems as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). Since the PFSA ionomers are composed of flexible hydrophobic main backbones and hydrophilic side chains with proton-conducting groups, the resulting membranes are found to have high proton conductivity due to the distinct phase-separated structure between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. However, PFSA ionomer-based membranes have some drawbacks, including high cost, low glass transition temperatures and emission of environmental pollutants (e.g., HF) during degradation. Hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of aromatic backbones with proton-conducting hydrophilic groups have been actively studied as substitutes. However, the main problem with the hydrocarbon-based PEMs is the relatively low proton-conducting behavior compared to the PFSA ionomer-based membranes due to the difficulties associated with the formation of well-defined phase-separated structures between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. This study focused on the structural engineering of sulfonated hydrocarbon polymers to develop hydrocarbon-based PEMs that exhibit outstanding proton conductivity for practical fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (H.K.); (S.Y.N.)
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7
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Kim J, Kim K, Han J, Lee H, Kim H, Kim S, Sung Y, Lee J. End‐group cross‐linked membranes based on highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with vinyl functionalized graphene oxide as a cross‐linker and a filler for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymer Science and Engineering Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jusung Han
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yung‐Eun Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Sangthumchai T, Kamjornsupamitr T, Saengsaen S, Pumingdawn N, Panawong C, Sumranjit J, Budsombat S. Composite polymer electrolyte membranes from semi-interpenetrating networks of poly(vinyl alcohol) and silica nanoparticles containing poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Lee H, Han J, Kim K, Kim J, Kim E, Shin H, Lee JC. Highly sulfonated polymer-grafted graphene oxide composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Zhao X, Jia N, Cheng L, Wang R, Gao C. Constructing Antifouling Hybrid Membranes with Hierarchical Hybrid Nanoparticles for Oil-in-Water Emulsion Separation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2320-2330. [PMID: 31459474 PMCID: PMC6648238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of antifouling membranes plays a vital role in the widespread application of membrane technology, and the hybridization strategy has attracted a significant amount of attention for antifouling applications. In this work, TA/PEI@TiO2 hierarchical hybrid nanoparticles (TPTi HHNs) are first synthesized through a simple strategy combining the multiple catechol chemistries of phenolic tannic acid (TA) with the biomimetic mineralization chemistry of titania. The TPTi HHNs are used as nanofillers to prepare PVDF/TPTi hybrid membranes. The TPTi HHNs endow the membrane with higher porosity, hierarchical roughness, greater hydrophilicity, and underwater superoleophobicity. Upon TPTi HHN loading, the PVDF/TPTi hybrid membranes exhibit enhanced antifouling performance. The flux recovery ratio can reach 92% when utilized to separate oil-in-water emulsion. Even being applied to the three-cycle filtration of oil-in-water emulsion with much higher concentration, the PVDF/TPTi membrane can still maintain a high flux recovery ratio about 85%. This study will provide a facial polyphenol-based platform to fabricate antifouling hybrid nanofillers and antifouling hybrid membranes with promising applications in oil/water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhao
- Center
for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College and College of Chemical
Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Membrane Separation and Water Treatment of Zhejiang
Province, No. 18 Chaowang
Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
- Huzhou
Institute of Collaborative Innovation Center for Membrane Separation
and Water Treatment, Zhejiang University
of Technology, No. 1366 Hongfengxi Road, 313000 Huzhou, China
- E-mail:
| | - Ning Jia
- Center
for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College and College of Chemical
Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Center
for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College and College of Chemical
Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Center
for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College and College of Chemical
Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Congjie Gao
- Center
for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Ocean College and College of Chemical
Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Membrane Separation and Water Treatment of Zhejiang
Province, No. 18 Chaowang
Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
- Huzhou
Institute of Collaborative Innovation Center for Membrane Separation
and Water Treatment, Zhejiang University
of Technology, No. 1366 Hongfengxi Road, 313000 Huzhou, China
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Neelakandan S, Muthumeenal A, Rana D, Kaleekkal NJ, Nagendran A. Sulfonated poly(phenylene ether ether sulfone) membrane tailored with layer-by-layer self-assembly of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and phosphotungstic acid for DMFC applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasubramaniyan Neelakandan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China
- Polymeric Materials Research Lab, PG and Research Department of Chemistry; Alagappa Government Arts College; Karaikudi 630 003 India
| | - Arunachalam Muthumeenal
- Polymeric Materials Research Lab, PG and Research Department of Chemistry; Alagappa Government Arts College; Karaikudi 630 003 India
| | - Dipak Rana
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Ottawa; 161 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Noel Jacob Kaleekkal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC); Kozhikode 673 601 India
| | - Alagumalai Nagendran
- Polymeric Materials Research Lab, PG and Research Department of Chemistry; Alagappa Government Arts College; Karaikudi 630 003 India
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12
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Hou J, Sun X, Gu X, Liu S, Xiao Z, Liu G, Ding H. Construction of continuous proton‐conduction channels through polyvinylimidazole nanotubes to enhance proton conductivity of polymer electrolyte membrane. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Hou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Ding
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
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Hou J, Liu S, Sun X, Xiao Z, Ding H. Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone)/imino-containing phosphorylated silica particle composite proton exchange membranes. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318793932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, novel nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were prepared by embedding imino-containing phosphorylated silica nanoparticles into a sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone) (SPTES) polymer matrix. SPTES was synthesized via condensation polymerization of 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol, 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone, and disodium 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone. The imino-containing phosphorylated silica particles (Si-imP) were prepared by the Kabachnik–Fields reaction, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the Si-imP were uniformly distributed in the composite membrane. The properties of the composite membranes, including thermal stability, water uptake, swelling ratio, oxidative stability, and proton conductivity, were thoroughly evaluated. Experimental results indicated that Si-imP may be effective reinforcement materials for SPTES membranes. It is noteworthy that an increase in proton conductivity from 0.138 S cm−1 of the SPTES control membrane to 0.173 S cm−1 of the composite membrane was achieved at the Si-imP content of 5 wt% under fully hydrated conditions at 80°C. This finding primarily stems from the fact that the Si-imP could be linked with the sulfonate ion clusters of SPTES to form more continuous ionic networks. These networks act as efficient proton-hopping pathways to enhanced proton conductivity. The nanocomposite membranes are demonstrated to be promising candidates as new polymeric electrolyte materials for PEM fuel cells operated at medium temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Hou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Huili Ding
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Lim MY, Kim K. Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) and Perfluorosulfonic Acid Composite Membranes Containing Perfluoropolyether Grafted Graphene Oxide for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E569. [PMID: 30966603 PMCID: PMC6403734 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) composite membranes were prepared using perfluoropolyether grafted graphene oxide (PFPE-GO) as a reinforcing filler for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. PFPE-GO was obtained by grafting poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) having a carboxylic acid end group onto the surface of GO via ring opening reaction between the carboxylic acid group in poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) and the epoxide groups in GO, using 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a base catalyst. Both SPAES and PFSA composite membranes containing PFPE-GO showed much improved mechanical strength and dimensional stability, compared to each linear SPAES and PFSA membrane, respectively. The enhanced mechanical strength and dimensional stability of composite membranes can be ascribed to the homogeneous dispersion of rigid conjugated carbon units in GO through the increased interfacial interactions between PFPE-GO and SPAES/PFSA matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak⁻ro, Gwanak⁻gu, Seoul 151⁻744, Korea.
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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15
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Comb-shaped polysulfones containing sulfonated polytriazole side chains for proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Silica-embedded hydrogel nanofiller for enhancing low humidity proton conduction of a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membrane. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oh K, Son B, Sanetuntikul J, Shanmugam S. Polyoxometalate decorated graphene oxide/sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) block copolymer composite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating under low relative humidity. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Kim K, Kim SK, Park JO, Choi SW, Kim KH, Ko T, Pak C, Lee JC. Highly reinforced pore-filling membranes based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for high-temperature/low-humidity polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Kim K, Bae J, Lim MY, Heo P, Choi SW, Kwon HH, Lee JC. Enhanced physical stability and chemical durability of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) composite membranes having antioxidant grafted graphene oxide for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yan X, Zheng W, Ruan X, Pan Y, Wu X, He G. The control and optimization of macro/micro-structure of ion conductive membranes for energy conversion and storage. Chin J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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