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Melnikova SD, Larin SV. Influence of polymer compatibility and layer thickness on the structural and thermophysical properties of polymer multilayer films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia D. Melnikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
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2
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Rijal B, Delbreilh L, Sollogoub C, Baer E, Saiter-Fourcin A. Multiscale Analysis of Segmental Relaxation in PC/PETg Multilayers: Evidence of Immiscible Nanodroplets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Rijal
- INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS 6634, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS 6634, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 151 bd de l’Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Baer
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Allisson Saiter-Fourcin
- INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS 6634, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
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3
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Labardi M, Tripathi P, Capaccioli S, Casalini R. Intermittent-contact local dielectric spectroscopy of nanostructured interfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:210002. [PMID: 35133300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac52be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Local dielectric spectroscopy (LDS) is a scanning probe method, based on dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), to discriminate dielectric properties at surfaces with nanometer-scale lateral resolution. Until now a sub-10 nm resolution for LDS has not been documented, that would give access to the length scale of fundamental physical phenomena such as the cooperativity length related to structural arrest in glass formers (2-3 nm). In this work, LDS performed by a peculiar variant of intermittent-contact mode of AFM, named constant-excitation frequency modulation, was introduced and extensively explored in order to assess its best resolution capability. Dependence of resolution and contrast of dielectric imaging and spectroscopy on operation parameters like probe oscillation amplitude and free amplitude, the resulting frequency shift, and probe/surface distance-regulation feedback gain, were explored. By using thin films of a diblock copolymer of polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), exhibiting phase separation on the nanometer scale, lateral resolution of at least 3 nm was demonstrated in both dielectric imaging and localized spectroscopy, by operating with optimized parameters. The interface within lamellar PS/PMMA was mapped, with a best width in the range between 1 and 3 nm. Changes of characteristic time of the secondary (β) relaxation process of PMMA could be tracked across the interface with PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Tripathi
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Casalini
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, United States of America
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4
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Arabeche K, Delbreilh L, Baer E. Physical aging of multilayer polymer films—influence of layer thickness on enthalpy relaxation process, effect of confinement. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Kadri K, Peixinho J, Salez T, Miquelard-Garnier G, Sollogoub C. Dewetting of a thin polymer film under shear. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Interfacial Phenomena in Multi-Micro-/Nanolayered Polymer Coextrusion: A Review of Fundamental and Engineering Aspects. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030417. [PMID: 33525487 PMCID: PMC7865391 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multilayer coextrusion process is known to be a reliable technique for the continuous fabrication of high-performance micro-/nanolayered polymeric products. Using laminar flow conditions to combine polymer pairs, one can produce multilayer films and composites with a large number of interfaces at the polymer-polymer boundary. Interfacial phenomena, including interlayer diffusion, interlayer reaction, interfacial instabilities, and interfacial geometrical confinement, are always present during multilayer coextrusion depending on the processed polymers. They are critical in defining the microstructural development and resulting macroscopic properties of multilayered products. This paper, therefore, presents a comprehensive review of these interfacial phenomena and illustrates systematically how these phenomena develop and influence the resulting physicochemical properties. This review will promote the understanding of interfacial evolution in the micro-/nanolayer coextrusion process while enabling the better control of the microstructure and end use properties.
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Alzate-Vargas L, Onofrio N, Strachan A. Universality in Spatio-Temporal High-Mobility Domains Across the Glass Transition from Bulk Polymers to Single Chains. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Alzate-Vargas
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicolas Onofrio
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Multiscale Structural Evolution and Its Relationship to Dielectric Properties of Micro-/Nano-Layer Coextruded PVDF-HFP/PC Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112596. [PMID: 33167315 PMCID: PMC7694327 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the structural evolution in micro-/nano-layer co-extrusion process is essential to fabricate high-performance multilayered products. Therefore, in this work, we reveal systematically the multiscale structural development, involving both the layer architecture and microstructure within layers of micro-/nano-layer coextruded polymer films, as well as its relationship to dielectric properties, based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/polycarbonate (PC) system. Interestingly, layer architecture and morphology show strong dependences on the nominal layer thicknesses. Particularly, with layer thickness reduced to nanometer scale, interfacial instabilities triggered by viscoelastic differences between components emerge with the creation of micro-droplets and micro-sheets. Films show an enhanced crystallization with the formation of two-dimensional (2D) spherulites in microlayer coextruded systems and the oriented in-plane lamellae in nanolayer coextruded counterparts, where layer breakup in the thinner layers further changes the crystallization behaviors. These macro- and microscopic structures, developed from the co-extrusion process, substantially influence the dielectric properties of coextruded films. Mechanism responsible for dielectric performance is further proposed by considering these effects of multiscale structure on the dipole switching and charge hopping in the multilayered structures. This work clearly demonstrates how the multiscale structural evolution during the micro-/nano-layer coextrusion process can control the dielectric properties of multilayered products.
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Labardi M, Bertolla A, Sollogoub C, Casalini R, Capaccioli S. Lateral resolution of electrostatic force microscopy for mapping of dielectric interfaces in ambient conditions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335710. [PMID: 32353839 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8ede] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The attainable lateral resolution of electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) in an ambient air environment on dielectric materials was characterized on a reference sample comprised of two distinct, immiscible glassy polymers cut in a cross-section by ultramicrotomy. Such a sample can be modeled as two semi-infinite dielectrics with a sharp interface, presenting a quasi-ideal, sharp dielectric contrast. Electric polarizability line profiles across the interface were obtained, in both lift-mode and feedback-regulated dynamic mode EFM, as a function of probe/surface separation, for different cases of oscillation amplitudes. We find that the results do not match predictions for dielectric samples, but comply well or are even better than predicted for conductive interfaces. A resolution down to 3 nm can be obtained by operating in feedback-regulated EFM realized by adopting constant-excitation frequency-modulation mode. This suggests resolution is ruled by the closest approach distance rather than by average separation, even with probe oscillation amplitudes as high as 10 nm. For better comparison with theoretical predictions, effective probe radii and cone aperture angles were derived from approach curves, by also taking into account the finite oscillation amplitude of the probe, by exploiting a data reduction procedure previously devised for the derivation of interatomic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Behbahani AF, Vaez Allaei SM, Motlagh GH, Eslami H, Harmandaris VA. Structure, Dynamics, and Apparent Glass Transition of Stereoregular Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Graphene Interfaces through Atomistic Simulations. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza F. Behbahani
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Processing Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
| | - S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah H. Motlagh
- Advanced Polymer Materials and Processing Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | - Hossein Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr 75168, Iran
| | - Vagelis A. Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
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12
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Lu B, Lamnawar K, Maazouz A, Sudre G. Critical Role of Interfacial Diffusion and Diffuse Interphases Formed in Multi-Micro-/Nanolayered Polymer Films Based on Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Poly(methyl methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29019-29037. [PMID: 30051704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the macroscopic properties of multilayer polymer films are largely dominated by the diffuse interphase formed via interfacial diffusion between neighboring layers. However, not much is known about the origin of this effect. In this work, we reveal the role of interfacial diffusion and the diffuse interphase development in multilayer polymer films, based on a compatible poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) system fabricated by forced-assembly micro-/nanolayer coextrusion. Interestingly, the layer morphology is found to prevail in all investigated multilayer films, even for the nanolayered system where the interdiffusion is substantial. It is also demonstrated that, in the presence of macromolecular and geometrical confinements, interfacial diffusion significantly alters the crystalline morphology and microstructure of the resulting micro-/nanolayered films, which leads to quantitatively different dielectric and rheological properties. More importantly, the combination of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis further reveals that multiple diffuse interphases with various length scales exist in the multilayer structures. The presence of these multiple interphases is explained in terms of a proposed physical picture for the interdiffusion of fast-mode mechanism occurring in the coextrusion process, and their length scales (i.e., interphase thicknesses) are further mapped quantitatively. These findings provide new insights into the effects of interfacial diffusion and diffuse interphases toward tailoring interfaces/interphases in micro-/nanolayered polymer structures and for their advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon , F-69621 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Khalid Lamnawar
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon , F-69621 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Abderrahim Maazouz
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon , F-69621 Villeurbanne , France
- Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology , 10100 Rabat , Morocco
| | - Guillaume Sudre
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , F-69622 Villeurbanne , France
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13
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Sharma RP, Green PF. Role of "Hard" and "Soft" Confinement on Polymer Dynamics at the Nanoscale. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:908-914. [PMID: 35650889 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the segmental dynamics of asymmetrically confined polymer films and report an unusual phenomenon in which the presence and thickness of a soft confining layer are responsible for significant changes in the segmental dynamics of the confined films. Specifically, the segmental dynamics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) thin films asymmetrically confined between hard aluminum (Al), and soft polystyrene (PS) films are shown to shift by as much as half an order of magnitude upon changes in the thicknesses of the confining PS layer. These effects are more significant than those due to symmetric confinement between hard Al substrates or exposure to a free surface. These observations, partially rationalized in terms of recent simulations and theory, implicate the role of the moduli of the confining layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter F. Green
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Baglay RR, Roth CB. Experimental Study of the Influence of Periodic Boundary Conditions: Effects of Finite Size and Faster Cooling Rates on Dissimilar Polymer–Polymer Interfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman R. Baglay
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Casalini R, Labardi M, Roland CM. Dynamics of poly(vinyl methyl ketone) thin films studied by local dielectric spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203315. [PMID: 28571366 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local dielectric spectroscopy, which entails measuring the change in resonance frequency of the conducting tip of an atomic force microscope to determine the complex permittivity of a sample with high spatial (lateral) resolution, was employed to characterize the dynamics of thin films of poly(vinyl methyl ketone) (PVMK) having different substrate and top surface layers. A free surface yields the usual speeding up of the segmental dynamics, corresponding to a glass transition suppression of 6.5° for 18 nm film thickness. This result is unaffected by the presence of a glassy, compatible polymer, poly-4-vinyl phenol (PVPh), between the metal substrate and the PVMK. However, covering the top surface with a thin layer of the PVPh suppresses the dynamics. The speeding up of PVMK segmental motions observed for a free surface is absent due to interfacial interactions of the PVMK with the glass layer, an effect not seen when the top layer is an incompatible polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casalini
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5320, USA
| | - M Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, SS Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C M Roland
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5320, USA
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Baglay RR, Roth CB. Local glass transition temperatureTg(z) of polystyrene next to different polymers: Hard vs. soft confinement. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman R. Baglay
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Rijal B, Soto Puente JA, Atawa B, Delbreilh L, Fatyeyeva K, Saiter A, Dargent E. Correlated and cooperative motions in segmental relaxation: Influence of constitutive unit weight and intermolecular interactions. Phys Rev E 2017; 94:062502. [PMID: 28085415 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work clarifies the notion of correlated and cooperative motions appearing during the α-relaxation process through the role of the molecular weight of the constitutive units and of the interchain dipolar interactions. By studying amorphous copolymers of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) with different vinyl acetate contents, we show that the correlated motions are not sensitive to the interchain dipolar interactions, in contrast to the cooperative motions, which increase with a strengthening of the intermolecular interactions for this sample family. Concerning the influence of the molecular weight m_{0}, the notion of "correlated motions" seems to be equivalent to the notion of "cooperative motions" only for low m_{0} systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Rijal
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, LECAP, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jorge Arturo Soto Puente
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, LECAP, 76000 Rouen, France.,Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Bienvenu Atawa
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, LECAP, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Kateryna Fatyeyeva
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Eric Dargent
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, LECAP, 76000 Rouen, France
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