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Liu D, Xie Y, Zhong J, Yang F, Pang J, Jiang Z. High methanol resistance semi-crystalline sulfonated poly(ether ketone) proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cell. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kang HH, Lee DH. Improving the Durability and Performance of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s by Introducing 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide Structure for Fuel Cell Application. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35315-35324. [PMID: 34984263 PMCID: PMC8717375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes in which the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains phase separate exhibit improved properties and stability. Such a phase separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains can be achieved by polymerizing a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide-bisphenol A (DOPO-BPA) and 1,4-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene (1,4-FBB) monomer. In this work, sulfonated polymer membranes with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) were prepared and their physicochemical and electrochemical properties were studied. In addition, the effect of molecular structure on the durability of the copolymers was investigated. The sulfonated copolymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, sulfonated membranes were prepared using these copolymers by the solvent casting method, and their morphologies were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The effect of DS on the thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stabilities, water uptake behavior, and ion-exchange capacity of the membranes was determined. The results showed that compared with the commercially available Nafion 212 polymer electrolyte membrane, the electrolyte membrane based on DOPO-BPA and 1,4-FBB exhibited a lower water uptake and excellent dimensional stability despite having a relatively high ion-exchange capacity. The low water uptake is an important characteristic that ensures the stability of the polymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cell applications.
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Salazkin SN, Shaposhnikova VV. Poly(arylene ether ketones): Thermostable, Heat Resistant, and Chemostable Thermoplastics and Prospects for Designing Various Materials on Their Basis. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238220020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Han J, Lee H, Kim J, Kim S, Kim H, Kim E, Sung YE, Kim K, Lee JC. Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) composite membrane having sulfonated polytriazole grafted graphene oxide for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3D Network Structural Poly (Aryl Ether Ketone)-Polybenzimidazole Polymer for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4563860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor mechanical property is a critical problem for phosphoric acid-doped high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs). In order to address this concern, in this work, a 3D network structural poly (aryl ether ketone)-polybenzimidazole (PAEK-cr-PBI) polymer electrolyte membrane was successfully synthesized through crosslinking reaction between poly (aryl ether ketone) with the pendant carboxyl group (PAEK-COOH) and amino-terminated polybenzimidazole (PBI-4NH2). PAEK-COOH with a poly (aryl ether ketone) backbone endows superior thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability, while PBI-4NH2 serves as both a proton conductor and a crosslinker with basic imidazole groups to absorb phosphoric acid. Moreover, the composite membrane of PAEK-cr-PBI blended with linear PBI (PAEK-cr-PBI@PBI) was also prepared. Both membranes with a proper phosphoric acid (PA) uptake exhibit an excellent proton conductivity of around 50 mS cm-1 at 170°C, which is comparable to that of the well-documented PA-doped PBI membrane. Furthermore, the PA-doped PAEK-cr-PBI membrane shows superior mechanical properties of 17 MPa compared with common PA-doped PBI. Based upon these encouraging results, the as-synthesized PAEK-cr-PBI gives a highly practical promise for its application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs).
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Yoshida-Hirahara M, Takahashi S, Yoshizawa-Fujita M, Takeoka Y, Rikukawa M. Synthesis and investigation of sulfonated poly( p-phenylene)-based ionomers with precisely controlled ion exchange capacity for use as polymer electrolyte membranes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12810-12822. [PMID: 35492080 PMCID: PMC9051222 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve precise control of sulfonated polymer structures, a series of poly(p-phenylene)-based ionomers with well-controlled ion exchange capacities (IECs) were synthesised via a three-step technique: (1) preceding sulfonation of the monomer with a protecting group, (2) nickel(0) catalysed coupling polymerisation, and (3) cleavage of the protecting group of the polymers. 2,2-Dimethylpropyl-4-[4-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]benzenesulfonate (NS-DPBP) was synthesised as the preceding sulfonated monomer by treatment with chlorosulfuric acid and neopentyl alcohol. NS-DPBP was readily soluble in various organic solvents and stable during the nickel(0) catalysed coupling reaction. Sulfonated poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) (S-PPBP) homopolymer and seven types of random copolymers (S-PPBP-co-PPBP) with different IECs were obtained by varying the stoichiometry of NS-DPBP. The IECs and weight average molecular weights (Mws) of ionomers were in the range of 0.41–2.84 meq. g−1 and 143 000–465 000 g mol−1, respectively. The water uptake, proton conductivities, and water diffusion properties of ionomers exhibited a strong IEC dependence. Upon increasing the IEC of S-PPBP-co-PPBPs from 0.86 to 2.40 meq. g−1, the conductivities increased from 6.9 × 10−6 S cm−1 to 1.8 × 10−1 S cm−1 at 90% RH. S-PPBP and S-PPBP-co-PPBP (4 : 1) with IEC values >2.40 meq. g−1 exhibited fast water diffusion (1.6 × 10−11 to 8.0 × 10−10 m2 s−1), and were comparable to commercial perfluorosulfuric acid polymers. When fully hydrated, the maximum power density and the limiting current density of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) prepared with S-PPBP-co-PPBP (4 : 1) were 712 mW cm−2 and 1840 mA cm−2, respectively. Poly(p-phenylene)-based sulfonated polymers with well-controlled IECs were synthesized via a three-step procedure including preceding sulfonation of precursor monomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miru Yoshida-Hirahara
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250.,Research and Development Bureau, Saitama University Shimo-Okubo 255 Sakura-ku Saitama-shi 338-8570 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
| | - Masahiro Rikukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University 7-1 Kioi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan +81 3 3238 4198 +81 3 3238 4250
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Synthesis and properties of novel poly(arylene ether)s with densely sulfonated units based on carbazole derivative. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lee H, Han J, Kim K, Kim J, Kim E, Shin H, Lee JC. Highly sulfonated polymer-grafted graphene oxide composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Multidirectional proton-conducting membrane based on sulfonated big π-conjugated monomer into block copoly(ether sulfone)s. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Amari S, Ando S, Miyanishi S, Yamaguchi T. Effect of a Sulfonated Benzothiadiazole Unit on the Morphology and Ion Conduction Behavior of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Amari
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Ando
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Shoji Miyanishi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
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Sun H, Lv Y, Zhang C, Zuo X, Li M, Yue X, Jiang Z. Materials with low dielectric constant and loss and good thermal properties prepared by introducing perfluorononenyl pendant groups onto poly(ether ether ketone). RSC Adv 2018; 8:7753-7760. [PMID: 35539146 PMCID: PMC9078496 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13600e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new monomer, 2,6-difluorophenyl-(4′-perfluorononenyloxy)phenyl-methanone (2F-PFN), was synthesized using a simple two-step reaction. A series of novel poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEK-PFN-x) containing perfluorononenyl groups were then prepared from 2F-PFN, resorcin, and 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone by nucleophilic polycondensation. The resulting copolymers were found to have different electric and thermal properties depending on the molar ratio of perfluorononenyl groups. PEEK containing a 5% molar ratio of perfluorononenyl (PEEK-PFN-5) possessed an intrinsic low dielectric constant of 2.73 and low dielectric loss of 3.00 × 10−3 at 10 kHz. Another blended polymer prepared from PEEK and PTFE (PEEK/PTFE-5) possessed a dielectric constant of 3.21 and dielectric loss of 6.00 × 10−3 at 10 kHz. Therefore, PEEK/PTFE-5 had much higher dielectric loss than that of PEEK-PFN-5 with the same fluorine content. PEEK-PFN-5 also showed excellent thermal stability, with a 5 wt%-loss temperature of 436 °C. PEEK-PFN-5 showed a slight increase in hydrophobicity, with a water droplet contact angle of 89.7° compared with that of PEEK/PTFE-5 (86.4°) containing the same fluorine content as PEEK-PFN-5. Morphologies and fluoride distribution on the membrane surfaces were characterized by field emission SEM equipped with EDX. These results indicated that PEEK-PFN-5 possessed a more uniform distribution of fluorine on the membrane top surface than PEEK-PTFE-5. Introducing long carbon–fluorine bonds into the polymer chain produced comb-shaped PEEK possessing a low dielectric constant (2.73) and low dielectric loss (3.00 × 10−3).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Lv
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xigui Yue
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymers of the Ministry Education of China
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- People's Republic of China
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Xie Y, Liu D, Li D, Han X, Li S, Chen Z, Zhang H, Pang J, Jiang Z. Highly proton conducting proton-exchange membranes based on fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s with octasulfonated segments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Xie
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Danqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Han
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Pang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
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Feng S, Pang J, Yu X, Wang G, Manthiram A. High-Performance Semicrystalline Poly(ether ketone)-Based Proton Exchange Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24527-24537. [PMID: 28682586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel semicrystalline poly(ether ketone) (PEK)-based proton exchange membrane (semi-SPEK-x) has been developed. Through a one-step sulfonation and hydrolysis, a poly(ether ketimine) precursor transforms into PEK and ion-conducting groups are introduced. With an ion-exchange capacity ranging from 1.49 to 2.00 mequiv g-1, the semi-SPEK-x polymers exhibit a semicrystalline feature in both dry and hydrated states. Owing to the semicrystalline domains inside the polymer, the obtained membrane exhibits low water uptake and low volume swelling ratio. More importantly, the semicrystalline structure lowers methanol permeability and, consequently, improves the overall performances of direct methanol fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Feng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Key Laboratory of Super Engineering Plastic of Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Pang
- Key Laboratory of Super Engineering Plastic of Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xingwen Yu
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Super Engineering Plastic of Ministry of Education, Jilin University , Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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