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Xu Y, Tang L, Nok-iangthong C, Wagner M, Baumann G, Feist F, Bismarck A, Jiang Q. Functionally Gradient Macroporous Polymers: Emulsion Templating Offers Control over Density, Pore Morphology, and Composition. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:5150-5162. [PMID: 38752018 PMCID: PMC11091853 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gradient macroporous polymers were produced by polymerization of emulsion templates comprising a continuous monomer phase and an internal aqueous template phase. To produce macroporous polymers with gradient composition, pore size, and foam density, we varied the template formulation, droplet size, and internal phase ratio of emulsion templates continuously and stacked those prior to polymerization. Using the outlined approach, it is possible to vary one property along the resulting macroporous polymer while retaining the other properties. The elastic moduli and crush strengths change along the gradient of the macroporous polymers; their mechanical properties are dominated by those of the weakest layers in the gradient. Macroporous polymers with gradient chemical composition and thus stiffness provide both high impact load and energy adsorption, rendering the gradient foam suitable for impact protective applications. We show that dual-dispensing and simultaneous blending of two different emulsion formulations in various ratios results in a fine, bidirectional change of the template composition, enabling the production of true gradient macroporous polymers with a high degree of design freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xu
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Le Tang
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chanokporn Nok-iangthong
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wagner
- Institute
for Vehicle Safety, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13 VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Baumann
- Institute
for Vehicle Safety, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13 VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Feist
- Institute
for Vehicle Safety, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13 VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Qixiang Jiang
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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One-pot approach to fabrication of porous polymers from Pickering emulsion templates. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang S, Xu Z, Zhao T, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Emulsion-templated, hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic PVA aerogels with enhanced mechanical property. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li X, Zhang T, Lu J, Xu Z, Zhao Y. Emulsion-Templated, Magnetic, Hydrophilic-Oleophobic Composites for Controlled Water Removal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1422-1431. [PMID: 35034443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion-templated, hydrophilic-oleophobic porous materials are promising for the removal of a small amount of water from oil-water mixtures, but the maneuver and complete collection of these porous materials are challenging. Herein, we report the fabrication of magnetic, hydrophilic-oleophobic polyHIPE composites from reactive Fe3O4 nanoparticle-stabilized high internal phase emulsions through simultaneous bulk polymerization of water-soluble monomers and interface-catalyzed polycondensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane. The resulting composites were hydrophilic-oleophobic, with water droplets rapidly absorbed (within 20 s), and exhibited designable magnetic responsiveness. The hydrophilicity-oleophobicity enabled water to be removed through selective absorption from oil-water mixtures (including surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions), with a high separation rate over 99%. The magnetic-responsiveness enabled both the dry and the swollen composites to be maneuvered in a remote and contactless manner and to be fully collected. Therefore, the magnetic, hydrophilic-oleophobic polyHIPE composites are excellent candidates for the removal of water from water-oil mixtures with complete collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Natural Dyes, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jintao Lu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Zhang S, Zhou P, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhang K. Fabrication of emulsion-templated polystyrene absorbent using 4-arm star-shaped poly(ɛ-caprolactone) as property defining crosslinker. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Althubeiti KM, Horozov TS. Efficient preparation of macroporous poly(methyl methacrylate) materials from high internal phase emulsion templates. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang T, Sanguramath RA, Israel S, Silverstein MS. Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Sima Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Robust, highly porous hydrogels templated within emulsions stabilized using a reactive, crosslinking triblock copolymer. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Plasma induced cytocompatibility of stabilized poly-L-lactic acid doped with graphene nanoplatelets. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Barbara I, Dourges MA, Deleuze H. Preparation of porous polyurethanes by emulsion-templated step growth polymerization. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Macro- and near-mesoporous monoliths by medium internal phase emulsion polymerization: A systematic study. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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