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Wang SC, Du ST, Hashmi S, Cui SM, Li L, Handschuh-Wang S, Zhou X, Stadler FJ. Understanding Gel-Powers: Exploring Rheological Marvels of Acrylamide/Sodium Alginate Double-Network Hydrogels. Molecules 2023; 28:4868. [PMID: 37375423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the rheological properties of dual-network hydrogels based on acrylamide and sodium alginate under large deformations. The concentration of calcium ions affects the nonlinear behavior, and all gel samples exhibit strain hardening, shear thickening, and shear densification. The paper focuses on systematic variation of the alginate concentration-which serves as second network building blocks-and the Ca2+-concentration-which shows how strongly they are connected. The precursor solutions show a typical viscoelastic solution behavior depending on alginate content and pH. The gels are highly elastic solids with only relatively small viscoelastic components, i.e., their creep and creep recovery behavior are indicative of the solid state after only a very short time while the linear viscoelastic phase angles are very small. The onset of the nonlinear regime decreases significantly when closing the second network (alginate) upon adding Ca2+, while at the same time the nonlinearity parameters (Q0, I3/I1, S, T, e3/e1, and v3/v1) increase significantly. Further, the tensile properties are significantly improved by closing the alginate network by Ca2+ at intermediate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu-Tong Du
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Saud Hashmi
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Ming Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The International School of Advanced Materials, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The International School of Advanced Materials, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Li J, Si Z, Shang K, Wu Y, Feng Y, Wang S, Li S. Coupling Effect of LDPE Molecular Chain Structure and Additives on the Rheological Behaviors of Cable Insulating Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081883. [PMID: 37112030 PMCID: PMC10145786 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rheological behaviors of low-density polyethylene doped with additives (PEDA) determine the dynamic extrusion molding and structure of high-voltage cable insulation. However, the coupling effect of additives and molecular chain structure of LDPE on the rheological behaviors of PEDA is still unclear. Here, for the first time, the rheological behaviors of PEDA under uncross-linked conditions are revealed by experiment and simulation analysis, as well as rheology models. The rheology experiment and molecular simulation results indicate that additives can reduce the shear viscosity of PEDA, but the effect degree of different additives on rheological behaviors is determined by both chemical composition and topological structure. Combined with experiment analysis and the Doi-Edwards model, it demonstrates that the zero-shear viscosity is only determined by LDPE molecular chain structure. Nevertheless, different molecular chain structures of LDPE have different coupling effects with additives on the shear viscosity and non-Newtonian feature. Given this, the rheological behaviors of PEDA are predominant by the molecular chain structure of LDPE and are also affected by additives. This work can provide an important theoretical basis for the optimization and regulation of rheological behaviors of PEDA materials used for high-voltage cable insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhicheng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Münstedt H. Rheological Measurements and Structural Analysis of Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071123. [PMID: 33915989 PMCID: PMC8038039 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheological measurements of polymer melts are widely used for quality control and the optimization of processing. Another interesting field of rheology is to provide information about molecular parameters of polymers and the structure build-up in heterogeneous polymeric systems. This paper gives an overview of the influence of molar mass, molar mass distribution and long-chain branching on various rheological characteristics and describes the analytical power following from established relations. With respect to applications, we discuss how rheological measurements can be used to gain insight into the thermal stability of a material. A special impact lies in the demonstration, how long-chain branching can be analyzed using rheological means like the zero-shear viscosity as a function of molar mass and strain hardening occurring in elongation. For contributions to branching analysis, the thermorheological behavior and activation energies are particularly discussed. The use of elastic quantities in the case of mechanical pretreatment effects is briefly addressed. The influence of fillers on recoverable properties in the linear range of deformation is analyzed and the role of their specific surface area for interactions described. It is shown how the fundamental results can be applied to study the state of nanoparticle dispersions obtained under special conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the findings on polymer/filler systems are the base of structure analyses in heterogeneous polymeric materials like polyvinylchloride (PVC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Münstedt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Rheological Behavior of Blends of Metallocene Catalyzed Long-Chain Branched Polyethylenes. Part I: Shear Rheological and Thermorheological Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030328. [PMID: 33498543 PMCID: PMC7864184 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain branched metallocene-catalyzed high-density polyethylenes (LCB-mHDPE) were solution blended to obtain blends with varying degrees of branching. A high molecular LCB-mHDPE was mixed with low molecular LCB-mHDPE at varying concentrations. The rheological behavior of those low molecular LCB-mHDPE is similar but their molar mass and molar mass distribution are significantly different. Those blends were characterized rheologically to study the effects of concentration, molar mass distribution, and long-chain branching level of the low molecular LCB-mHDPE. Owing to the ultra-long relaxation times of the high molecular LCB-mHDPE, the blends exhibited a clearly more long-chain branched behavior than the base materials. The thermorheological complexity analysis showed an apparent increase in the activation energies Ea determined from G′, G″, and especially δ. Ea(δ), which for LCB-mHDPE is a peak function, turned out to produce even more pronounced peaks than observed for LCB-mPE with narrow molar mass distribution and also LCB-mPE with broader molar mass distribution. Thus, it is possible to estimate the molar mass distribution from the details of the thermorheological complexity.
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Jiang R, Yao S, Chen Y, Liu T, Xu Z, Park CB, Zhao L. Effect of chain topological structure on the crystallization, rheological behavior and foamability of TPEE using supercritical CO2 as a blowing agent. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang H, Li L, Guan J, Jiang H, Shen R, Ding X, Li J, Li Y. Investigation on Molecular Structures of Electron-Beam-Irradiated Low-Density Polyethylene by Rheology Measurements. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengti Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Road, Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Guan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Road, Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfang Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingye Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2019, Jialuo Road, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Road, Hangzhou 310036, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Duscher B, Schausberger A. Influence of processing on the flow properties of long-chain branched polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Duscher
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Alois Schausberger
- Institute of Polymer Science; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Str. 69, Linz 4040, Austria
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Abbasi M, Faust L, Riazi K, Wilhelm M. Linear and Extensional Rheology of Model Branched Polystyrenes: From Loosely Grafted Combs to Bottlebrushes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abbasi
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lorenz Faust
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kamran Riazi
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute of Chemical Technology
and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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