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Bredács M, Kanatschnig E, Frank A, Oreski G, Pinter G, Gergely S. Identifying active and degraded phenolic antioxidants in aged PE with IR-microscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Shundo A, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Network Formation and Physical Properties of Epoxy Resins for Future Practical Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1522-1542. [PMID: 35911459 PMCID: PMC9327093 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins are used in various fields in a wide range of applications such as coatings, adhesives, modeling compounds, impregnation materials, high-performance composites, insulating materials, and encapsulating and packaging materials for electronic devices. To achieve the desired properties, it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of how the network formation and physical state change involved in the curing reaction affect the resultant network architecture and physical properties. However, this is not necessarily easy because of their infusibility at higher temperatures and insolubility in organic solvents. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge related to these issues which has been gathered using various experimental techniques in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations. This should provide useful ideas for researchers who aim to design and construct various thermosetting polymer systems including currently popular materials such as vitrimers over epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuomi Shundo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and
Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Morsch S, Lyon SB, Gibbon S, Irwin M. Internal topology and water transport in tetrafunctional epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Stuart B. Lyon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Simon Gibbon
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK
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4
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Effect of Impregnated Phenolic Resins on the Cellulose Membrane for Polymeric Insulator. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020106. [PMID: 35207028 PMCID: PMC8879978 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a cellulose membrane (CM) was chemically treated with phenolic (PF) resin to improve its performance as a polymeric insulator. The CM was prepared from kenaf pulp, and the PF was synthesized from oil palm empty fruit (EFB) fibre. Four different concentrations of synthesized PF resin (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) were impregnated under wet or dry conditions. Thermal analysis of the phenolic cellulose membrane (PCM) showed that the samples had good chemical interaction and compatibility. The PF uptake in the wet phenolic cellulose membrane (PCMW) was higher than in the dry phenolic cellulose membrane (PCMD). During the PF uptake, the CM underwent solvent exchange and absorption in wet and dry membranes, respectively. This difference also affected the crosslinking of PCM samples via the formation of methylene bridges. Due to the PF treatment, the PCM showed lower water absorption than CM. The PF concentrations also affect the surface roughness and electrical properties of PCM samples. These findings prove that PCM can be used as a renewable and green polymer electrical insulator.
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5
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Trigg EB, Wiegart L, Fluerasu A, Koerner H. Dynamics of Polymerization and Gelation in Epoxy Nanocomposites via X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward B. Trigg
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 744 Brookhaven Avenue, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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6
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Correlating the Photophysical Properties with the Cure Index of Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Jung S, Cui Y, Barnes M, Satam C, Zhang S, Chowdhury RA, Adumbumkulath A, Sahin O, Miller C, Sajadi SM, Sassi LM, Ji Y, Bennett MR, Yu M, Friguglietti J, Merchant FA, Verduzco R, Roy S, Vajtai R, Meredith JC, Youngblood JP, Koratkar N, Rahman MM, Ajayan PM. Multifunctional Bio-Nanocomposite Coatings for Perishable Fruits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908291. [PMID: 32363647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hunger and chronic undernourishment impact over 800 million people, which translates to ≈10.7% of the world's population. While countries are increasingly making efforts to reduce poverty and hunger by pursuing sustainable energy and agricultural practices, a third of the food produced around the globe still is wasted and never consumed. Reducing food shortages is vital in this effort and is often addressed by the development of genetically modified produce or chemical additives and inedible coatings, which create additional health and environmental concerns. Herein, a multifunctional bio-nanocomposite comprised largely of egg-derived polymers and cellulose nanomaterials as a conformal coating onto fresh produce that slows down food decay by retarding ripening, dehydration, and microbial invasion is reported. The coating is edible, washable, and made from readily available inexpensive or waste materials, which makes it a promising economic alternative to commercially available fruit coatings and a solution to combat food wastage that is rampant in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohui Jung
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yufei Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Morgan Barnes
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Chinmay Satam
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shenxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Reaz A Chowdhury
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Aparna Adumbumkulath
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Onur Sahin
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Corwin Miller
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Seyed M Sajadi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Lucas M Sassi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yue Ji
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | | | - Fatima A Merchant
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - J Carson Meredith
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nikhil Koratkar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Muhammad M Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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8
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Morsch S, Lyon S, Edmondson S, Gibbon S. Reflectance in AFM-IR: Implications for Interpretation and Remote Analysis of the Buried Interface. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8117-8124. [PMID: 32412736 PMCID: PMC7467426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AFM-IR combines the chemical sensitivity of infrared spectroscopy with the lateral resolution of scanning probe microscopy, allowing nanoscale chemical analysis of almost any organic material under ambient conditions. As a result, this versatile technique is rapidly gaining popularity among materials scientists. Here, we report a previously overlooked source of data and artifacts in AFM-IR analysis; reflection from the buried interface. Periodic arrays of gold on glass are used to show that the overall signal in AFM-IR is affected by the wavelength-dependent reflectivity and thermal response of the underlying substrate. Excitingly, this demonstrates that remote analysis of heterogeneities at the buried interface is possible alongside that of an overlying organic film. On the other hand, AFM-IR users should carefully consider the composition and topography of underlying substrates when interpreting nanoscale infrared data. The common practice of generating ratio images, or indeed the normalization of AFM-IR spectra, should be approached with caution in the presence of substrate heterogeneity or variable sample thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Morsch
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Lyon
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Edmondson
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville St, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gibbon
- AkzoNobel, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear NE10 0JY, United Kingdom
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9
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Morsch S, Liu Y, Lyon S, Gibbon S, Gabriele B, Malanin M, Eichhorn KJ. Examining the early stages of thermal oxidative degradation in epoxy-amine resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Nguyen-Tri P, Ghassemi P, Carriere P, Nanda S, Assadi AA, Nguyen DD. Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1142. [PMID: 32429499 PMCID: PMC7284686 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Payman Ghassemi
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Pascal Carriere
- Laboratoire MAPIEM (EA 4323), Matériaux Polymères Interfaces Environnement Marin, Université de Toulon, CEDEX 9, 83041 Toulon, France;
| | - Sonil Nanda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
| | - Aymen Amine Assadi
- ENSCR—Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)—UMR CNRS 6226, Univ Rennes, 35700 Rennes, France;
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam;
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
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11
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Tian Y, Wang Q, Hu Y, Sun H, Cui Z, Kou L, Cheng J, Zhang J. Preparation and shape memory properties of rigid-flexible integrated epoxy resins via tunable micro-phase separation structures. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Kong M, Liu C, Tang B, Xu W, Huang Y, Li G. Improved Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Trifunctional Epoxy Resins through Controlling Molecular Networks by Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Chengjun Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Bing Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
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13
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Nguyen Tri P, Prud’homme RE. Crystallization and Segregation Behavior at the Submicrometer Scale of PCL/PEG Blends. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen Tri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, 5155 chemin de la rampe, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, 5155 chemin de la rampe, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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14
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Mukherjee P, Ghosh A, Spegazzini N, Lamborn MJ, Monwar MM, DesLauriers PJ, Bhargava R. Relating Post-yield Mechanical Behavior in Polyethylenes to Spatially Varying Molecular Deformation Using Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging: Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Mukherjee
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicolas Spegazzini
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark J. Lamborn
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74004, United States
| | - Masud M. Monwar
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74004, United States
| | - Paul J. DesLauriers
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74004, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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15
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Morsch S, Kefallinou Z, Liu Y, Lyon SB, Gibbon SR. Controlling the nanostructure of epoxy resins: Reaction selectivity and stoichiometry. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Tang F, Bao P, Roy A, Wang Y, Su Z. In-situ spectroscopic and thermal analyses of phase domains in high-impact polypropylene. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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18
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Fu W, Carbrello C, Wu X, Zhang W. Visualizing and quantifying the nanoscale hydrophobicity and chemical distribution of surface modified polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15550-15557. [PMID: 28984332 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03772d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications bring unique properties into polymeric membranes that may have enhanced filtration or separation efficiencies, antifouling, antimicrobial activity and selectivity. However, there is a lack of nanoscale characterization of the chemical additive distribution and the impacts of chemical modifiers or additives on membrane surface properties, especially those at the nanoscale. In this study, a series of industrially relevant polyethersulfone (PES) membranes modified with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were analysed systematically. Particularly, hydrophobicity and chemical distribution were scrutinized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and AFM coupled with infrared analysis capability (AFM-IR) for the first time that successfully resolved nanoscale structural and chemical properties of the chemically modified PES membranes. Our results indicated the heterogeneous spatial distribution of PVP and PEG based on their characteristic IR bands and the resulting hydrophobicity distribution on modified membrane surfaces at the nanoscale. Particularly, we established a linear correlation (R2 = 0.9449) between the measured adhesion force and water contact angles, which enabled the examination of local surface hydrophobicity. The PES membranes became more hydrophilic with the increasing blend of PVP and PEG. With AFM-IR, trace amounts (1-4%) of PVP could be identified sensitively on PES membranes based on their unique characteristic IR bands, which were not achieved by FTIR or IR mapping. Overall, these novel characterization approaches hold paramount importance for the design and quality control of polymer membrane modification and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Fu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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