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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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2
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Müllner M. Molecular polymer bottlebrushes in nanomedicine: therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5683-5716. [PMID: 35445672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer bottlebrushes are densely grafted, individual macromolecules with nanoscale proportions. The last decade has seen an increased focus on this material class, especially in nanomedicine and for biomedical applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of major developments in this area to highlight the many opportunities that these polymer architectures bring to nano-bio research. The article covers aspects of bottlebrush synthesis and summarises their use in drug and gene delivery, imaging, as theranostics and as prototype materials to correlate nanoparticle structure and composition to biological function and behaviour. Areas for future research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Ramamurthi P, Zhao Z, Burke E, Steinmetz NF, Müllner M. Tuning the Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Balance of Molecular Polymer Bottlebrushes Enhances their Tumor Homing Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200163. [PMID: 35184421 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems are promising in anticancer therapy, capable of delivering cargo with superior selectivity and achieving enhanced tumor accumulation compared to small-molecule therapeutics. As more efforts are being devoted to NP development, molecular polymer bottlebrushes (MPBs) have gained attention as a potential drug delivery vehicle. To date, the influence of various MPB parameters such as size, shape, and surface charge in determining tumor penetrability have been systematically probed. However, the role of amphiphilicity, specifically the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, remains unexplored. In this study, a series of MPBs are employed with varied hydrophobicity levels to reveal a dependence between MPB composition, cell association, and tumor homing. The data indicates that increasing levels of hydrophobicity in MPBs (to a certain level) demonstrate only marginal effects in vitro but reveals enhanced tumor homing in a mouse model of ovarian cancer in vivo, where more hydrophilic MPBs exhibit low tissue deposition and low tumor homing. In contrast, more hydrophobic MPBs show significant tumor accumulation and homing due to their engineered hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parathan Ramamurthi
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
- Center for Nano‐ImmunoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
| | - Eamonn Burke
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
- Center for Nano‐ImmunoEngineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
- Department of Radiology University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
- Moores Cancer Center Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92039 USA
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Application of Rapid Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (RapidFLIM) to Examine Dynamics of Nanoparticle Uptake in Live Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040642. [PMID: 35203292 PMCID: PMC8870300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in nanomedicine stems from the continued need for a systematic understanding of the delivery of nanoparticles in live cells. Complexities in delivery are often influenced by the biophysical characteristics of nanoparticles, where even subtle changes to nanoparticle designs can alter cellular uptake, transport and activity. Close examination of these processes, especially with imaging, offers important insights that can aid in future nanoparticle design or translation. Rapid fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (RapidFLIM) is a potentially valuable technology for examining intracellular mechanisms of nanoparticle delivery by directly correlating visual data with changes in the biological environment. To date, applications for this technology in nanoparticle research have not been explored. A PicoQuant RapidFLIM system was used together with commercial silica nanoparticles to follow particle uptake in glioblastoma cells. Importantly, RapidFLIM imaging showed significantly improved image acquisition speeds over traditional FLIM, which enabled the tracking of nanoparticle uptake into subcellular compartments. We determined mean lifetime changes and used this to delineate significant changes in nanoparticle lifetimes (>0.39 ns), which showed clustering of these tracks proximal to both extracellular and nuclear membrane boundaries. These findings demonstrate the ability of RapidFLIM to track, localize and quantify changes in single nanoparticle fluorescence lifetimes and highlight RapidFLIM as a valuable tool for multiparameter visualization and analysis of nanoparticle molecular dynamics in live cells.
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5
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Xie P, Liu P. Chitosan-based DDSs for pH/hypoxia dual-triggered DOX delivery: Facile morphology modulation for higher in vitro cytotoxicity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118760. [PMID: 34742449 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of the drug delivery systems (DDSs) has been recognized to play an important role in their phagocytosis, cellular interaction and distribution. However, it is a technical challenge to simply prepare the non-spherical nanoscaled DDSs. Here, a facile strategy was developed to fabricate the pH/hypoxia dual-responsive nanowires by adding the maleic acid (MAH) and PEG modified chitosan (PEG-SS-CS-MAH) into aqueous solution of DOX. Compared with the PEG-SS-CS-MAH/DOX nanoparticles (NPs) by adding DOX into the PEG-SS-CS-MAH solution, the PEG-SS-CS-MAH/DOX nanowires (NWs) possessed a higher drug loading capacity of 58% and better pH/hypoxia dual-triggered DOX release performance with higher drug release in the simulated tumor intracellular microenvironment but a much lower premature drug leakage in the simulated normal physiological medium. As a result, higher in vitro anti-tumor efficacy was achieved with the PEG-SS-CS-MAH/DOX NWs, demonstrating their promising potential for tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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6
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Hu X, Jazani AM, Oh JK. Recent advances in development of imine-based acid-degradable polymeric nanoassemblies for intracellular drug delivery. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Niederberger A, Pelras T, Manni LS, FitzGerald PA, Warr GG, Müllner M. Stiffness-Dependent Intracellular Location of Cylindrical Polymer Brushes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100138. [PMID: 33871109 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs) are macromolecules with nanoparticle proportions. Their modular synthesis enables tailoring of their chemical composition as well as the dialing-up of overall dimensions and physicochemical properties. In this study, two rod-like poly[(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PEGMA)-based CPBs with varying stiffness but otherwise comparable features and functionality, are synthesized. Differences in particle stiffness are assessed using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). It is observed that the fate of the two CPBs within cells is distinctly different. Stiffer CPBs seem to gravitate toward the mitochondria, whereas CPBs with reduced stiffness are present in different intracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Niederberger
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Théophile Pelras
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Livia Salvati Manni
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul A FitzGerald
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory G Warr
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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8
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Takano S, Islam W, Nakazawa K, Maeda H, Sakurai K, Fujii S. Phosphorylcholine-Grafted Molecular Bottlebrush-Doxorubicin Conjugates: High Structural Stability, Long Circulation in Blood, and Efficient Anticancer Activity. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:1186-1196. [PMID: 33378181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the particle structure of tumor-targeting nanomedicines in vivo remains challenging but must be achieved to control their in vivo fate and functions. Molecular bottlebrushes (MBs), where brush side chains are densely grafted from a main chain, have recently received attention as building blocks of polymer-based prodrugs because their rigid structure would be expected to demonstrate high structural stability in vivo. Here, we synthesized a poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC)-grafted molecular bottlebrush (PCMB) conjugated with a cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), via an acid-cleavable hydrazone bond. A pMPC-based linear polymer (LP) conjugated with DOX was also prepared for comparison. We confirmed the lack of structural transition in the PCMB between before and after conjugation with DOX using small-angle light and X-ray scattering techniques, whereas the structure of LP was significantly influenced by DOX conjugation and transformed from a random-coil structure to a large agglomerate via hydrophobic interactions among DOXs. Although PCMB-DOX and LP-DOX showed comparable tissue permeability, pharmacokinetics, and ability to accumulate in tumor tissues, the antitumor efficacy of PCMB-DOX was better than that of LP-DOX. This was presumably due to the formation of LP-DOX agglomerates. The diffusion of cleaved DOX would be restricted in the hydrophobic core of the agglomerate, resulting in the DOX release at the tumor site being compromised. In contrast to LP-DOX, DOX release from PCMB-DOX was not compromised after accumulation in tumor tissues because it did not form such an agglomerate, resulting in the strong antitumor effect. We have demonstrated the potential of MBs as building blocks of drug carriers and believe that these findings can contribute to the design of polymer-based nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Waliul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Biodynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Biodynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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9
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Roberts MG, Yu Q, Keunen R, Liu J, Ngae Wong EC, Rastogi CK, Reilly RM, Allen C, Winnik MA. Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals with POEGMA Copolymers via Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition for Potential Drug-Delivery Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2014-2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Rachel Keunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Edmond Chi Ngae Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Chandresh Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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10
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Takahashi R, Miwa S, Rössel C, Fujii S, Lee JH, Schacher FH, Sakurai K. Polymersome formation induced by encapsulation of water-insoluble molecules within ABC triblock terpolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We found a morphological transition from spherical micelles to polymersomes induced by encapsulation of hydrophobic guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Kitakyushu
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
| | - Shotaro Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Kitakyushu
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
| | - Carsten Rössel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Kitakyushu
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
| | - Ji Ha Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Kitakyushu
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Kitakyushu
- Kitakyushu
- Japan
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11
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Sayin S, Ozdemir E, Acar E, Ince GO. Multifunctional one-dimensional polymeric nanostructures for drug delivery and biosensor applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:412001. [PMID: 31347513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2e2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology in the last decades have paved the way for significant achievements in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Different types of functional nanostructures have been explored and utilized as tools for addressing the challenges in detection or treatment of diseases. In particular, one-dimensional nanostructures hold great promise in theranostic applications due to their increased surface area-to-volume ratios, which allow better targeting, increased loading capacity and improved sensitivity to biomolecules. Stable polymeric nanostructures that are stimuli-responsive, biocompatible and biodegradable are especially preferred for bioapplications. In this review, different synthesis techniques of polymeric one-dimensional nanostructures are explored and functionalization methods of these nanostructures for specific applications are explained. Biosensing and drug delibiovery applications of these nanostructures are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Sayin
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Yu Q, Roberts MG, Pearce S, Oliver AM, Zhou H, Allen C, Manners I, Winnik MA. Rodlike Block Copolymer Micelles of Controlled Length in Water Designed for Biomedical Applications. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Alex M. Oliver
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
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13
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Safdar R, Omar AA, Arunagiri A, Regupathi I, Thanabalan M. Potential of Chitosan and its derivatives for controlled drug release applications – A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Cong VT, Gaus K, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine: recent progress and perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:881-892. [PMID: 30173560 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1517748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interest in mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery has resulted in a good understanding of the impact of size and surface chemistry of these nanoparticles on their performance as drug carriers. Shape has emerged as an additional factor that can have a significant effect on delivery efficacy. Rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles show improvements in drug delivery relative to spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles. AREAS COVERED This review summarises the synthesis methods for producing rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles for use in nanomedicine. The second part covers recent progress of mesoporous silica nanorods by comparing the impact of sphere and rod-shape on drug delivery efficiency. EXPERT OPINION As hollow mesoporous silica nanorods are capable of higher drug loads than most other drug delivery vehicles, such particles will reduce the amount of mesoporous silica in the body for efficient therapy. However, the importance of nanoparticle shape on drug delivery efficiency is not well understood for mesoporous silica. Studies that visualize and quantify the uptake pathway of mesoporous silica nanorods in specific cell types and compare the cellular uptake to the well-studied nanospheres should be the focus of research to better understand the role of shape in uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thanh Cong
- a School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- b EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- a School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- a School of Chemistry, Australian of NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
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15
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Chen Y, Zhou H, Sun Z, Li H, Huang H, Liu L, Chen Y. Shell of amphiphilic molecular bottlebrush matters as unimolecular micelle. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Müllner M, Yang K, Kaur A, New EJ. Aspect-ratio-dependent interaction of molecular polymer brushes and multicellular tumour spheroids. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer brushes allow for independent tailoring of nanoparticle design parameters. Brush particles with altered shape and aspect ratio revealed that particle shape effects may be decoupled from surface chemistry to achieve higher tumour spheroid interaction and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney 2006
- Australia
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids
| | - Kylie Yang
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney 2006
- Australia
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney 2006
- Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney 2006
- Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)
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17
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Chmielarz P, Pacześniak T, Rydel-Ciszek K, Zaborniak I, Biedka P, Sobkowiak A. Synthesis of naturally-derived macromolecules through simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2466-2472. [PMID: 29234473 PMCID: PMC5704770 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid-based macroinitiator was received for the first time by the transesterification reaction of quercetin with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. In accordance with the "grafting from" strategy, a naturally-occurring star-like polymer with a polar 3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone core and hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) side arms was synthesized via a simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP), utilizing only 78 ppm by weight (wt) of a catalytic CuII complex. To demonstrate the possibility of temporal control, seATRP was carried out utilizing a multiple-step potential electrolysis. The rate of the polymerizations was well-controlled by applying optimal potential values during preparative electrolysis to prevent the possibility of intermolecular coupling of the growing polymer arms. This appears to be the first report using on-demand seATRP for the synthesis of QC-(PtBA-Br)5pseudo-star polymers. The naturally-derived macromolecules showed narrow MWDs (Đ = 1.08-1.11). 1H NMR spectral results confirm the formation of quercetin-based polymers. These new flavonoid-based polymer materials may find applications as antifouling coatings and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pacześniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rydel-Ciszek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paulina Biedka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobkowiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Rzeszow University of Technology; Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6 35-959 Rzeszow Poland
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