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Xu T, Ju X, Tang H, Xiang W. Research on Enhancing the Comprehensive Performance of Fir Wood through Chemical Modification with a Biobased Unsaturated Polyester. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28816-28826. [PMID: 38973938 PMCID: PMC11223232 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Fir wood was modified using epoxy soybean oil, diethylene glycol, and maleic anhydride as raw materials to enhance its mechanical properties, thermal stability, and water resistance. Diethylene glycol first opens the epoxy ring of the soybean oil and then reacts with maleic anhydride to produce an esterification reaction. The product modifies the fir wood through a chemical impregnation method. A systematic evaluation of the modified wood's weight gain ratio, density, mechanical properties, thermal stability, water resistance, and microstructural changes was conducted. The results show that the compressive strength increased from 38.1 to 94.9 MPa, the water absorption rate decreased from 158.03 to 6.93%, and the thermal stability was also enhanced. This study provides a simple, low-cost, and green method for improving the comprehensive performance of fast-growing fir wood, offering new insights for achieving sustainable development and green chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Xinran Ju
- Faculty
of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hui Tang
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Wenli Xiang
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China
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Xu T, Ju X, Tang H, Xiang W, Wang Z, Li Y. Enhanced Modification of Fast-Growing Wood: Application and Evaluation of Castor Oil-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44350-44361. [PMID: 38027384 PMCID: PMC10666213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A type of multifunctional maleic acid ester monomer (COEGMA) was synthesized using castor oil as raw material, and green wood-plastic composites were prepared by chemically impregnating and curing the monomer into wood. The structure of the synthesized products at various stages was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and GPC, and the curing experimental conditions were optimized. The results show that the water absorption of wood-plastic composites treated with COEGMA is reduced from the original 167.3% to less than 20%. The compressive strength has increased from 35.7 to 86.1 MPa, and the thermal stability has also increased by 40 °C. This research provides promising prospects for the development of environmentally friendly wood-plastic composites, especially as fossil resources become scarce and environmental pollution becomes more severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xinran Ju
- Faculty
of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Hui Tang
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wenli Xiang
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yandi Li
- Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University
of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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Peng L, Zhao Y, Yang T, Tong Z, Tang Z, Orita A, Qiu R. Zirconium-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:41. [PMID: 35951161 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile metal at room temperature with a crustal abundance of 162 ppm. Its compounds, showing Lewis acidic behavior and high catalytic performance, have been recognized as a relatively cheap, low-toxicity, stable, green, and efficient catalysts for various important organic transformations. Commercially available inorganic zirconium chloride was widely applied as a catalyst to accelerate amination, Michael addition, and oxidation reactions. Well-designed zirconocene perfluorosulfonates can be applied in allylation, acylation, esterification, etc. N-Chelating oganozirconium complexes accelerate polymerization, hydroaminoalkylation, and CO2 fixation efficiently. In this review, the applications of both commercially available and synthesized zirconium catalysts in organic reactions in the last 5 years are highlighted. Firstly, the properties and application of zirconium and its compounds are simply introduced. After presenting the superiority of zirconium compounds, their applications as catalysts to accelerate organic transformations are classified and presented in detail. On the basis of different kinds of zirconium catalysts, organic reactions accelerated by inorganic zirconium catalysts, zirconium catalysts bearing Cp, and organozirconium catalysts without Cp are summarized, and the plausible reaction mechanisms are presented if available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Kerr RWF, Williams CK. Zr(IV) Catalyst for the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Anhydrides (A) with Epoxides (B), Oxetane (B), and Tetrahydrofurans (C) to Make ABB- and/or ABC-Poly(ester- alt-ethers). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6882-6893. [PMID: 35388696 PMCID: PMC9084548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ester-alt-ethers) can combine beneficial ether linkage flexibility and polarity with ester linkage hydrolysability, furnishing fully degradable polymers. Despite their promising properties, this class of polymers remains underexplored, in part due to difficulties in polymer synthesis. Here, a catalyzed copolymerization using commercially available monomers, butylene oxide (BO)/oxetane (OX), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and phthalic anhydride (PA), accesses a series of well-defined poly(ester-alt-ethers). A Zr(IV) catalyst is reported that yields polymer repeat units comprising a ring-opened PA (A), followed by two ring-opened cyclic ethers (B/C) (-ABB- or -ABC-). It operates with high polymerization control, good rate, and successfully enchains epoxides, oxetane, and/or tetrahydrofurans, providing a straightforward means to moderate the distance between ester linkages. Kinetic analysis of PA/BO copolymerization, with/without THF, reveals an overall second-order rate law: first order in both catalyst and butylene oxide concentrations but zero order in phthalic anhydride and, where it is present, zero order in THF. Poly(ester-alt-ethers) have lower glass-transition temperatures (-16 °C < Tg < 12 °C) than the analogous alternating polyesters, consistent with the greater backbone flexibility. They also show faster ester hydrolysis rates compared with the analogous AB polymers. The Zr(IV) catalyst furnishes poly(ester-alt-ethers) from a range of commercially available epoxides and anhydride; it presents a straightforward method to moderate degradable polymers' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W F Kerr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Shaw M, Bates M, Jones MD, Ward BD. Metallocene catalysts for the ring-opening co-polymerisation of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening co-polymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a versatile route to new polyesters. The vast number of monomers that are readily available means that an effectively limitless...
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Yoon S, Jiang J, Choi S, Oh J, Choi J, Sun HJ. Formation of Mononuclear N,O-chelate Zirconium Complexes by Direct Insertion of Epoxide into Tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium: Highly Promising Approach for Developing ALD Precursor of ZrO2 Thin Film. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5315-5321. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A zirconium complex containing an N,O-chelate and alkylamide ligand has great potential for application in atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, the synthesis of this mononuclear Zr complex remains a major...
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Diaz C, Mehrkhodavandi P. Strategies for the synthesis of block copolymers with biodegradable polyester segments. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated block copolymers with biodegradable polyester segments can be prepared in one-pot through sequential or simultaneous addition of monomers. This review highlights the state of the art in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
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Four‐ and Five‐Coordinate Titanium(IV) Complexes Supported by the dpp‐bian Ligand in ROP of
L
‐Lactide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diaz C, Ebrahimi T, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cationic indium complexes for the copolymerization of functionalized epoxides with cyclic ethers and lactide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3347-3350. [PMID: 30815641 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08858f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example of discrete cationic indium complexes for the copolymerization of epoxides, cyclic ethers, and lactide. [SalenIn][SbF6] in particular proved to be a highly active catalyst for the homo-polymerization of functionalized epoxides and their copolymerization with other cyclic ethers THF, oxetane and oxepane. This catalyst also proved competent in the polymerization of epichlorohydrin and lactide, forming copolymers with good activity and control. Investigation of the role of counteranions and solvent donors on the kinetics of polymerization of epoxides revealed a subtle effect of solvents on initiation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kummari A, Pappuru S, Chakraborty D. Fully alternating and regioselective ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride with epoxides using highly active metal-free Lewis pairs as a catalyst. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-free Lewis pairs effectively catalysed controlled ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA) with epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kummari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Sreenath Pappuru
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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