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Elterlein F, Bugdahn N, Kraft P. Sniffing Out the Sustainable Future: The Renewability Revolution in Fragrance Chemistry. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400006. [PMID: 38358844 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In this review, the impact of the transition from today's resource-wasting petrochemical economy towards a 100/100 renewable and biodegradable future is discussed with respect to the fragrance families: "citrus", "green", "fruity", "floral", "floriental", "oriental", "woody", "chypre" and "fougère". After benchmark data on ingredients usage, definitions on biodegradation and sustainability are given. Celebrating the 150th anniversary of synthetic vanillin, its historic synthesis from renewable starting materials serves as introduction. In the grand scheme of things, citrus scents upcycled from the beverages industry, are already an ideal case for 100/100 with new opportunities for artificial essential oils. In the fruity domain, transparent and lactonic ingredients are available in a sustainable manner. However, in the domain of green odorants, there is a lack of green chemistry for important key materials. In the floral family, renewability is more critical than biodegradability, but cost is an issue. Thanks to Ambrox and maltol, florientals and orientals will persist, while woody notes severely lack an Iso E Super replacer. In the chypre genre, patchouli became the new moss, but more musks are increasingly in demand. With their high percentage of linalool and dihydromyrcenol, the construction of fougères could well become a precedent for other families, despite challenges in vetiver and salicylates. Still, the challenges exemplified here create immense opportunities for new perfumery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Elterlein
- Symrise AG, S&C Global Innovation Fragrances, Building D 209, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, 37603, Holzminden, Germany
| | - Nikolas Bugdahn
- Symrise AG, S&C Global Innovation Fragrances, Building D 209, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, 37603, Holzminden, Germany
| | - Philip Kraft
- Symrise AG, S&C Global Innovation Fragrances, Building D 209, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, 37603, Holzminden, Germany
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2
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Influence of structural properties of zinc complexes with N4-donor ligands on the catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides into cyclic carbonates. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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3
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Zhang G, Feng Q, Hu J, Sun G, Evrendilek F, Liu H, Liu J. Performance and mechanism of bamboo residues pyrolysis: Gas emissions, by-products, and reaction kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156560. [PMID: 35690212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performances and reaction kinetics of the bamboo shoot leaves (BSL) pyrolysis were characterized integrating thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The high volatiles and low ash, N, and S contents of BSL rendered its pyrolysis suitable for bio-oil generation. The main mass loss of BSL pyrolysis occurred in the devolatilization stage between 200 and 550 °C. The peak temperatures of pseudo-hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis in BSL were 248.04, 322.65 and 383.51 °C, respectively, while their average activation energies estimated by Starink method were 144.29, 175.79 and 243.02 kJ/mol, respectively. The one-dimensional diffusion mechanism (f (α) = 1/(2α)) best elucidated the hemicellulose reaction. The cellulose (f (α) = 0.74 (1 - α)[-ln (1 - α)]-13/37) and lignin (f (α) = 0.35 (1 - α)[-ln (1 - α)]-13/7) reactions were best described by the nucleation mechanisms. The estimated kinetic triplets accurately predicted the pyrolysis process. 619.3 °C and 5 °C/min were determined as the optimal pyrolytic temperature and heating rate. The C-containing gases were dominant among the non-condensable gases evolved from the pyrolysis. The NOx precursors (NH3 and HCN) were found more important than NO emission in pollution control. 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, (1-methylcyclopropyl) methanol, heptanal, acetic acid, and furfurals were the main pyrolytic by-products. BSL-derived biochar is a relatively pure carbon-rich material with extremely low N and S content. The BSL pyrolysis yielded a promising performance, as well as value-added by-products to be utilized in the fields of bioenergy, fragrance, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qiuyuan Feng
- Xinfeng Branch of Shaoguan Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Shaoguan 511100, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Moser BR, Cermak SC, Doll KM, Kenar JA, Sharma BK. A review of fatty epoxide ring opening reactions: Chemistry, recent advances, and applications. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Moser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Steven C. Cermak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Kenneth M. Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio‐Oils Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - James A. Kenar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Functional Foods Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sustainable Biofuels and Co‐Products Research Unit Eastern Regional Research Center Wyndmoor Pennsylvania USA
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Perez-Sena WY, Eränen K, Kumar N, Estel L, Leveneur S, Salmi T. New insights into the cocatalyst-free carbonation of vegetable oil derivatives using heterogeneous catalysts. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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He W, Huang H, Xie L, Wang C, Yu J, Lu S, Fan H. The influence of self-crosslinked epoxidized castor oil on the properties of Poly (lactic acid) via dynamic vulcanization: Toughening effect, thermal properties and structures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Gomez-Lopez A, Elizalde F, Calvo I, Sardon H. Trends in non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12254-12265. [PMID: 34709246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transition towards safer and more sustainable production of polymers has led to a growing body of academic research into non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) as potential replacements for conventional, isocyanate-based polyurethane materials. This perspective article focuses on the opportunities and current limitations of NIPUs produced by the reaction between biobased cyclic carbonates with amines, which offers an interesting pathway to renewable NIPUs. While it was initially thought that due to the similarities in the chemical structure, NIPUs could be used to directly replace conventional polyurethanes (PU), this has proven to be more challenging to achieve in practice. As a result, and in spite of the vast amount of academic research into this topic, the market size of NIPUs remains negligible. In this perspective, we will emphasize the main limitations of NIPUs in comparison to conventional PUs and the most significant advances made by others and us to overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide our personal view of where research should be directed to promote the transition from the academic to the industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Fermin Elizalde
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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Świderska A, Parzuchowski PG, Żurowski R, Więcław-Midor A, Wołosz D. Energy dissipating poly(hydroxyurethane) elastomers – Synthesis, characterization and comparison with shear thickening fluid materials. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Souleymanou MY, El‐Ouahabi F, Masdeu‐Bultó AM, Godard C. Cooperative NHC‐based Catalytic System Immobilised onto Carbon Materials for the Cycloaddition of CO
2
to Epoxides. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Y. Souleymanou
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Fatima El‐Ouahabi
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna M. Masdeu‐Bultó
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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Bizet B, Grau É, Cramail H, Asua JM. Water-based non-isocyanate polyurethane-ureas (NIPUUs). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00427h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review aims at discussing the achievements and the remaining challenges in the development of water-soluble NIPUUs, NIPUUs-based hydrogels and water-borne NIPUU dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bizet
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
- POLYMAT
| | - Étienne Grau
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Henri Cramail
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
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Warner JJ, Wang P, Mellor WM, Hwang HH, Park JH, Pyo SH, Chen S. 3D Printable Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes with Tunable Material Properties. Polym Chem 2019; 10:4665-4674. [PMID: 33093876 DOI: 10.1039/c9py00999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) are synthesized and 3D-printed via rapid, projection photopolymerization into compliant mechanisms of 3D structure with spatially-localized material properties. Trimethylolpropane allyl ether-cyclic carbonate is used to couple the unique properties of two types of reaction chemistry: (1) primary diamine-cyclic carbonate ring-opening conjugation for supplanting conventional isocyanate-polyol reactions in creating urethane groups, with the additional advantage of enabling modular segment interchangeability within the diurethane prepolymers; and (2) thiol-ene (click) conjugation for non-telechelic, low monodispersity, quasi-crystalline-capable, and alternating step-growth co-photopolymerization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is used to monitor the functional group transformation in reactions, and to confirm these process-associated molecular products. The extent of how these processes utilize molecular tunability to affect material properties were investigated through measurement-based comparison of the various polymer compositions: frequency-related dynamic mechanical analysis, tension-related elastic-deformation mechanical analysis, and material swelling analysis. Stained murine myoblasts cultured on NIPU slabs were evaluated via fluorescent microscopy for "green-chemistry" affects on cytocompatibility and cell adhesion to assess potential biofouling resistance. 3D multi-material structures with micro-features were printed, thus demonstrating the capability to spatially pattern different NIPU materials in a controlled manner and build compliant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Warner
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Pengrui Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - William M Mellor
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Henry H Hwang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Pyo
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
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12
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Decostanzi M, Bonneaud C, Caillol S. From hydroxyurethane methacrylates to hybrid nonisocyanate polyurethanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Decostanzi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS, UM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Av Prof Emile Jeanbrau, 34296 Montpellier France
| | - Céline Bonneaud
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS, UM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Av Prof Emile Jeanbrau, 34296 Montpellier France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253 CNRS, UM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Av Prof Emile Jeanbrau, 34296 Montpellier France
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13
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Yadav N, Seidi F, Crespy D, D'Elia V. Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO 2 Utilization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:724-754. [PMID: 30565849 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the large amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, it is advantageous to use CO2 as feedstock for the fabrication of everyday products, such as fuels and materials. An attractive way to use CO2 in the synthesis of polymers is by the formation of five-membered cyclic organic carbonate monomers (5CCs). The sustainability of this synthetic approach is increased by using scaffolds prepared from renewable resources. Indeed, recent years have seen the rise of various types of carbonate syntheses and applications. 5CC monomers are often polymerized with diamines to yield polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). Foams are developed from this type of polymers; moreover, the additional hydroxyl groups in PHU, absent in classical polyurethanes, lead to coatings with excellent adhesive properties. Furthermore, carbonate groups in polymers offer the possibility of post-functionalization, such as curing reactions under mild conditions. Finally, the polarity of carbonate groups is remarkably high, so polymers with carbonates side-chains can be used as polymer electrolytes in batteries or as conductive membranes. The target of this Review is to highlight the multiple opportunities offered by polymers prepared from and/or containing 5CCs. Firstly, the preparation of several classes of 5CCs is discussed with special focus on the sustainability of the synthetic routes. Thereafter, specific classes of polymers are discussed for which the use and/or presence of carbonate moieties is crucial to impart the targeted properties (foams, adhesives, polymers for energy applications, and other functional materials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
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15
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16
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Tappe NA, Reich RM, D'Elia V, Kühn FE. Current advances in the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide by molecular catalysts: an update. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13281-13313. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances (2015–) in the catalytic conversion of CO2 by metal-based and metal-free systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A. Tappe
- Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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