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Qu T, Nan G, Ouyang Y, Bieketuerxun B, Yan X, Qi Y, Zhang Y. Structure-Property Relationship, Glass Transition, and Crystallization Behaviors of Conjugated Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4268. [PMID: 37959948 PMCID: PMC10649048 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have gained considerable interest due to their unique structures and promising applications in areas such as optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and flexible electronics. This review focuses on the structure-property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and their properties is essential for optimizing their performance. The glass transition temperature (Tg) plays a key role in determining the processability and application of conjugated polymers. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the glass transition phenomenon and explore how side-chain interaction affects Tg. The crystallization behavior of conjugated polymers significantly impacts their mechanical and electrical properties. We investigate the nucleation and growth processes, as well as the factors that influence the crystallization process. The development of the three generations of conjugated polymers in controlling the crystalline structure and enhancing polymer ordering is also discussed. This review highlights advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and thermal analysis, which provide insights into molecular ordering and polymer-crystal interfaces. This review provides an insight of the structure-property relationship, glass transition, and crystallization behaviors of conjugated polymers. It serves as a foundation for further research and development of conjugated polymer-based materials with enhanced properties and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qu
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Guangming Nan
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Bahaerguli. Bieketuerxun
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Xiuling Yan
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- University and College Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application in Xinjiang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
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Luo S, Wang T, Ocheje MU, Zhang S, Xu J, Qian Z, Gu X, Xue G, Rondeau-Gagné S, Jiang J, Hu W, Zhuravlev E, Zhou D. Multiamorphous Phases in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers: From Bulk to Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Qian Z, Cao Z, Galuska L, Zhang S, Xu J, Gu X. Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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Monnier X, Cangialosi D. Thermodynamic Ultrastability of a Polymer Glass Confined at the Micrometer Length Scale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:137801. [PMID: 30312075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.137801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We employ fast scanning calorimetry to assess the thermodynamic state attained after a given cooling rate and the molecular mobility of glassy poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) confined at the micrometer length scale. We show that, for such a large confinement length scale, thermodynamic states with a fictive temperature (T_{f}) 80 K below the polymer glass transition temperature (T_{g}) are attained, which allows to bypass the geological timescales required for bulk glasses. Access to such states is promoted by a fast mechanism of equilibration. Importantly, the tremendous T_{f} decrease takes place while the molecular mobility remains bulklike, indicating marked decoupling between vitrification kinetics and molecular mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Perez-De-Eulate NG, Cangialosi D. Double Mechanism for Structural Recovery of Polystyrene Nanospheres. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Perez-De-Eulate
- Centro de Física
de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física
de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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