1
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Hu M, Lv X, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang Y, Dai H. Recent advance on lignin-containing nanocelluloses: The key role of lignin. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122460. [PMID: 39174133 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs) isolated from lignocellulosic resources usually require harsh chemical pretreatments to remove lignin, which face constraints such as high energy consumption and inefficient resource utilization. An alternative strategy involving the partial retention of lignin can be adopted to endow NCs with better versatility and functionality. The resulting lignin-containing nanocelluloses (LNCs) generally possess better mechanical property, thermal stability, barrier property, antioxidant activity, and surface hydrophobicity than lignin-free NCs, which have attracted extensive interest as a promising green nanomaterial for numerous applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the preparation, properties, and food application of LNCs. The effect of residual lignin on the preparation and properties of LNCs is discussed. Furthermore, the key roles of lignin in the properties of LNCs, including particle size, crystalline structure, dispersibility, thermal, mechanical, antibacterial, rheological and adhesion properties, are summarized comprehensively. Furthermore, capitalizing on their dietary fiber and nanostructure properties, the food applications of LNCs in the forms of films, gels and emulsions are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities regarding the development of LNCs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangxiang Lv
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Arantes V, Las-Casas B, Dias IKR, Yupanqui-Mendoza SL, Nogueira CFO, Marcondes WF. Enzymatic approaches for diversifying bioproducts from cellulosic biomass. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9704-9732. [PMID: 39132917 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosic biomass is the most abundantly available natural carbon-based renewable resource on Earth. Its widespread availability, combined with rising awareness, evolving policies, and changing regulations supporting sustainable practices, has propelled its role as a crucial renewable feedstock to meet the escalating demand for eco-friendly and renewable materials, chemicals, and fuels. Initially, biorefinery models using cellulosic biomass had focused on single-product platform, primarily monomeric sugars for biofuel. However, since the launch of the first pioneering cellulosic plants in 2014, these models have undergone significant revisions to adapt their biomass upgrading strategy. These changes aim to diversify the bioproduct portfolio and improve the revenue streams of cellulosic biomass biorefineries. Within this area of research and development, enzyme-based technologies can play a significant role by contributing to eco-design in producing and creating innovative bioproducts. This Feature Article highlights our strategies and recent progress in utilizing the biological diversity and inherent selectivity of enzymes to develop and continuously optimize sustainable enzyme-based technologies with distinct application approaches. We have advanced technologies for standalone platforms, which produce various forms of cellulose nanomaterials engineered with customized and enhanced properties and high yields. Additionally, we have tailored technologies for integration within a biorefinery concept. This biorefinery approach prioritizes designing tailored processes to establish bionanomaterials, such as cellulose and lignin nanoparticles, and bioactive molecules as part of a new multi-bioproduct platform for cellulosic biomass biorefineries. These innovations expand the range of bioproducts that can be produced from cellulosic biomass, transcending the conventional focus on monomeric sugars for biofuel production to include biomaterials biorefinery. This shift thereby contributes to strengthening the Bioeconomy strategy and supporting the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdeir Arantes
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Las-Casas
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isabella K R Dias
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Luis Yupanqui-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlaile F O Nogueira
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wilian F Marcondes
- Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Bajwa DS, Holt G, Stark N, Bajwa SG, Chanda S, Quadir M. Nano Boron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped Lignin Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals Improve the Thermal, Mechanical and Flammability Properties of High-Density Poly(ethylene). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38201701 PMCID: PMC10780719 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The widely used high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer has inadequate mechanical and thermal properties for structural applications. To overcome this challenge, nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano boron oxide (B2O3) doped lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were blended in the polymer matrix. The working hypothesis is that lignin will prevent CNC aggregation, and metal oxides will reduce the flammability of polymers by modifying their degradation pathways. This research prepared and incorporated safe, effective, and eco-friendly hybrid systems of nano ZnO/L-CNC and nano B2O3/L-CNC into the HDPE matrix to improve their physio-mechanical and fire-retardant properties. The composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, horizontal burning test, and microcalorimetry test. The results demonstrated a substantial increase in mechanical properties and a reduction in flammability. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed some agglomeration and irregular distribution of the inorganic oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet S. Bajwa
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Greg Holt
- Cotton Production and Processing Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA;
| | - Nicole Stark
- Forest Biopolymer Science and Engineering, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Sreekala G. Bajwa
- College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Saptaparni Chanda
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University; Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
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4
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Szatkowski P, Gralewski J, Suchorowiec K, Kosowska K, Mielan B, Kisilewicz M. Aging Process of Biocomposites with the PLA Matrix Modified with Different Types of Cellulose. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:22. [PMID: 38203876 PMCID: PMC10779789 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In the modern world, many products are disposable or have a very short lifespan, while at the same time, those products are made from materials that will remain in the environment in the form of waste for hundreds or even thousands of years. It is a serious problem; non-biodegradable polymer wastes are part of environmental pollution and generate microplastics, which accumulate in the organisms of living beings. One of the proposed solutions is biodegradable polymers and their composites. In our work, three types of polylactide-based composites with plant-derived fillers: microcellulose powder, short flax fibers, and wood flour at 2 wt.% were prepared. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based biocomposite properties were characterized in terms of mechanical and surface properties together with microscopic analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), before and after a UV (ultraviolet)-light-aging process to determine the effects of each cellulose-based additive on the UV-induced degradation process. This research shows that the addition of a cellulose additive can improve the properties of the material in terms of the UV-aging process, but the form of the chosen cellulose form plays a crucial role in this case. The testing of physicochemical properties demonstrated that not only can mechanical properties be improved, but also the time of degradation under UV light exposure can be controlled by the proper selection of the reinforcing phase and the parameters of the extrusion and injection molding process. The obtained results turned out to be very interesting, not only in terms of the cost reduction of the biocomposites themselves, as mainly the waste from the wood industry was used as a low-cost filler, but also that the additive delays the aging process occurring during UV light exposure. Even a small, 2 wt.% addition of some of the tested forms of cellulose delayed surface degradation, which is one of the most important factors affecting the biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szatkowski
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Gralewski
- Institute of Marketing and Sustainable Development, Lodz University of Technology, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Suchorowiec
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Karolina Kosowska
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Mielan
- Pre-Clinical Research Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Kisilewicz
- Technology Transfer Center, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Ul. Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnow, Poland;
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5
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Chen Z, Chen L, Khoo KS, Gupta VK, Sharma M, Show PL, Yap PS. Exploitation of lignocellulosic-based biomass biorefinery: A critical review of renewable bioresource, sustainability and economic views. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108265. [PMID: 37783293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has driven the demand for fossil fuels, however, the overly exploited resource has caused severe damage on environmental pollution. Biorefining using abundant lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging strategy to replace traditional fossil fuels. Value-added lignin biomass reduces the waste pollution in the environment and provides a green path of conversion to obtain renewable resources. The technology is designed to produce biofuels, biomaterials and value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In the biorefinery process, the pretreatment step is required to reduce the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose biomass and improve the enzymatic digestion. There is still a gap in the full and deep understanding of the biorefinery process including the pretreatment process, thus it is necessary to provide optimized and adapted biorefinery solutions to cope with the conversion process in different biorefineries to further provide efficiency in industrial applications. Current research progress on value-added applications of lignocellulosic biomass still stagnates at the biofuel phase, and there is a lack of comprehensive discussion of emerging potential applications. This review article explores the advantages, disadvantages and properties of pretreatment methods including physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological pretreatment methods. Value-added bioproducts produced from lignocellulosic biomass were comprehensively evaluated in terms of encompassing biochemical products , cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, potent functional materials from cellulose and lignin, waste management alternatives, multifunctional carbon materials and eco-friendly products. This review article critically identifies research-related to sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass to promote the development of green chemistry and to facilitate the refinement of high-value, environmentally-friendly materials. In addition, to align commercialized practice of lignocellulosic biomass application towards the 21st century, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of lignocellulosic biomass biorefining and the utilization of biorefinery green technologies is further analyzed as being considered sustainable, including having potential benefits in terms of environmental, economic and social impacts. This facilitates sustainability options for biorefinery processes by providing policy makers with intuitive evaluation and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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6
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Abitbol T, Kubat M, Brännvall E, Kotov N, Johnson CM, Nizamov R, Nyberg M, Miettunen K, Nordgren N, Stevanic JS, Guerreiro MP. Isolation of Mixed Compositions of Cellulose Nanocrystals, Microcrystalline Cellulose, and Lignin Nanoparticles from Wood Pulps. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21474-21484. [PMID: 37360452 PMCID: PMC10286283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
From a circular economy perspective, one-pot strategies for the isolation of cellulose nanomaterials at a high yield and with multifunctional properties are attractive. Here, the effects of lignin content (bleached vs unbleached softwood kraft pulp) and sulfuric acid concentration on the properties of crystalline lignocellulose isolates and their films are explored. Hydrolysis at 58 wt % sulfuric acid resulted in both cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and microcrystalline cellulose at a relatively high yield (>55%), whereas hydrolysis at 64 wt % gave CNCs at a lower yield (<20%). CNCs from 58 wt % hydrolysis were more polydisperse and had a higher average aspect ratio (1.5-2×), a lower surface charge (2×), and a higher shear viscosity (100-1000×). Hydrolysis of unbleached pulp additionally yielded spherical nanoparticles (NPs) that were <50 nm in diameter and identified as lignin by nanoscale Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and IR imaging. Chiral nematic self-organization was observed in films from CNCs isolated at 64 wt % but not from the more heterogeneous CNC qualities produced at 58 wt %. All films degraded to some extent under simulated sunlight trials, but these effects were less pronounced in lignin-NP-containing films, suggesting a protective feature, but the hemicellulose content and CNC crystallinity may be implicated as well. Finally, heterogeneous CNC compositions obtained at a high yield and with improved resource efficiency are suggested for specific nanocellulose uses, for instance, as thickeners or reinforcing fillers, representing a step toward the development of application-tailored CNC grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Abitbol
- Institute
of Materials, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikaela Kubat
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Brännvall
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Magnus Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rustem Nizamov
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Nyberg
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Miettunen
- Department
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Niklas Nordgren
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jasna S. Stevanic
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pita Guerreiro
- Bioeconomy
and Health, RISE Research Institutes of
Sweden, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Muthusamy VP, Krishnakumar V. Tensile performance of NCC and lignin reinforcements in PAN matrix. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Comparative Preparation Method and Associated Cost of Lignin–Cellulose Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081320. [PMID: 35458028 PMCID: PMC9030424 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural source of UV-shielding materials, though its recalcitrant and heterogeneous structure makes the extraction and purification processes complex. However, lignin’s functionality can be directly utilised when it stays as native with cellulose and hemicellulose in plant biomass, rather than being separated. The fabrication process of this native lignin is sustainable, as it consumes less energy and chemicals compared to purified lignin; thus, it is an economic and more straightforward approach. In this study, the properties of native and purified lignin–cellulose nanocrystals (L–CNCs) sourced from hemp hurd waste were compared to explore the differences in their morphology, UV-shielding properties and chemical structure affected by their distinct fabrication process. These two kinds of L–CNCs were further added into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to evaluate their reinforcement characteristics. The resulting native L–CNCs/PVA film showed stronger UV-shielding ability than purified L–CNCs. Moreover, the native L–CNCs showed better compatibility with PVA, while the purified L–CNCs/PVA interfaces showed phase separation. The phase separation in purified L–CNCs/PVA films reduced the films’ tensile strength and Young’s modulus and increased the water vapour transmission. The laboratory-scale cost of native L–CNCs production (~AUD 80/kg) was only 10% of purified L–CNCs (~AUD 850/kg), resulting in a comparatively lower cost for preparing native L–CNCs/PVA composite films. Overall, this study shows that the proposed method of production and use of native L–CNCs can be an economic approach to deliver UV-shielding properties for potential applications, such as food packaging.
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9
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Shin H, Kim S, Kim J, Kong S, Lee Y, Lee J. Preparation of 3‐pentadecylphenol‐modified cellulose nanocrystal and its application as a filler to polypropylene nanocomposites having improved antibacterial and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiseob Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Kong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Chemical Pilot Bldg. S‐OIL TS&D Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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10
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Polylactic Acid Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Comprised of Wood and Tunicate CNCs Modified with Tannic Acid and Octadecylamine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213661. [PMID: 34771218 PMCID: PMC8588324 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a one-pot strategy was used to prepare hydrophobic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface-modified with tannic acid and octadecylamine. By this strategy, CNCs derived from wood (W-CNC) and tunicates (T-CNC) were modified in situ and incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using two methods, without first drying the CNCs. Films of PLA-CNC nanocomposites were prepared both by solution casting and by wet compounding in a thermo-kinetic mixer, followed by melt extrusion. Various properties of these PLA nanocomposites were evaluated herein, along with an assessment of how these properties vary with the type of CNC reinforcement. Cast films with a hybrid mixture of wood and tunicate CNCs displayed improved mechanical properties compared to either wood or tunicate CNCs, but extruded films did not show this hybrid effect. The water vapor permeability of the extruded nanocomposite films with 1% CNCs was reduced by as much as 60% compared to the PLA films. The composite films also showed enhanced biodegradation compared to neat PLA films. These results demonstrate that wet compounded PLA composites produced with wood or tunicate CNCs modified using a one-pot, water-based route have improved barrier and biodegradation properties, indicating a potential for packaging applications without having to dry the CNCs.
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11
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Yang X, Biswas SK, Han J, Tanpichai S, Li M, Chen C, Zhu S, Das AK, Yano H. Surface and Interface Engineering for Nanocellulosic Advanced Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002264. [PMID: 32902018 PMCID: PMC11468146 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How do trees support their upright massive bodies? The support comes from the incredibly strong and stiff, and highly crystalline nanoscale fibrils of extended cellulose chains, called cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers and their crystalline parts-cellulose nanocrystals, collectively nanocelluloses, are therefore the recent hot materials to incorporate in man-made sustainable, environmentally sound, and mechanically strong materials. Nanocelluloses are generally obtained through a top-down process, during or after which the original surface chemistry and interface interactions can be dramatically changed. Therefore, surface and interface engineering are extremely important when nanocellulosic materials with a bottom-up process are fabricated. Herein, the main focus is on promising chemical modification and nonmodification approaches, aiming to prospect this hot topic from novel aspects, including nanocellulose-, chemistry-, and process-oriented surface and interface engineering for advanced nanocellulosic materials. The reinforcement of nanocelluloses in some functional materials, such as structural materials, films, filaments, aerogels, and foams, is discussed, relating to tailored surface and/or interface engineering. Although some of the nanocellulosic products have already reached the industrial arena, it is hoped that more and more nanocellulose-based products will become available in everyday life in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yang
- Laboratory of Active Bio‐Based MaterialsResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Subir Kumar Biswas
- Laboratory of Active Bio‐Based MaterialsResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
| | - Jingquan Han
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Supachok Tanpichai
- Learning InstituteKing Mongkut's University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10140Thailand
| | - Mei‐Chun Li
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Sailing Zhu
- College of Materials science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037P. R. China
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and TechnologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSE‐90183Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Laboratory of Active Bio‐Based MaterialsResearch Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)Kyoto UniversityUjiKyoto611‐0011Japan
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12
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Can Sustainable Packaging Help to Reduce Food Waste? A Status Quo Focusing Plant-Derived Polymers and Additives. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of sustainable packaging is part of the European Green Deal and plays a key role in the EU’s social and political strategy. One option is the use of renewable resources and biomass waste as raw materials for polymer production. Lignocellulose biomass from annual and perennial industrial crops and agricultural residues are a major source of polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin and can also be used to obtain plant-based extracts and essential oils. Therefore, these biomasses are considered as potential substitute for fossil-based resources. Here, the status quo of bio-based polymers is discussed and evaluated in terms of properties related to packaging applications such as gas and water vapor permeability as well as mechanical properties. So far, their practical use is still restricted due to lower performance in fundamental packaging functions that directly influence food quality and safety, the length of shelf life, and thus the amount of food waste. Besides bio-based polymers, this review focuses on plant extracts as active packaging agents. Incorporating extracts of herbs, flowers, trees, and their fruits is inevitable to achieve desired material properties that are capable to prolong the food shelf life. Finally, the adoption potential of packaging based on polymers from renewable resources is discussed from a bioeconomy perspective.
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13
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Self-Assembly Preparation of Nano-Lignin/Cationic Polyacrylamide Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111726. [PMID: 34070262 PMCID: PMC8197304 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the preparation of nano-lignin particles from calcium lignosulfonate (CL). The nano-lignin was fabricated from colloidal lignin-polyacrylamide complexes via self-assembly. The sizes of the nano-lignin particles were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the average particle size of the prepared nano-lignin was approximately 100 nm. In addition, the obtained nano-lignin exhibited enhanced fluorescence intensity when compared with the original lignin, which might represent a potential application of this nano-particle product.
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Teh KC, Foo ML, Ooi CW, Leng Chew IM. Sustainable and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm empty fruit bunch. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129277. [PMID: 33385850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have received great research attention since the last few decades due to their extraordinary properties and wide range of applications. In this study, a sustainable and cost-effective method for the synthesis of lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is presented. This method is able to retain the lignin in EFB and manifest the properties of lignin. The proposed synthesis process is simpler than the conventional method of producing lignin-coated CNC by first removing the lignin to synthesize CNC followed by the re-coating of lignin on the structure. The samples of LCNC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle analysis. In addition, by altering the acid concentration during acid hydrolysis process (53% - 60% H2SO4), both surface hydrophobicity (66.0° - 75.1°) and length of LCNC (467 nm-177 nm) can be altered wherein a higher concentration of acid resulted in a greater contact angle and a shorter length of LCNC. Cost and energy analysis deduced that the proposed synthesis method saved about 62% of the total material cost and 80% less energy as compared to the synthesis of lignin-coated CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Chyi Teh
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei Ling Foo
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Irene Mei Leng Chew
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zheng X, Li Z. A high specific surface 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol (PAN)-modified carbon-based silicon film with cellulose nanocrystalline structure for the efficient adsorption of rare-earth elements. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystalline solution forms a cellulose silicon film with a chiral phase sequence structure by self-assembly. The adsorption performance of silicon film to rare earth ions is improved by the two-step modification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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16
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Trovagunta R, Zou T, Österberg M, Kelley SS, Lavoine N. Design strategies, properties and applications of cellulose nanomaterials-enhanced products with residual, technical or nanoscale lignin-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117480. [PMID: 33357931 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for greener alternatives to fossil-derived products, research on cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) has rapidly expanded. The combination of nanoscale properties and sustainable attributes makes CNMs an asset in the quest for a sustainable society. However, challenges such as the hydrophilic nature of CNMs, their low compatibility with non-polar matrices and modest thermal stability, slow the development of end-uses. Combination of CNMs with amphiphilic lignin can improve the thermal stability, enhance the compatibility with non-polar matrices and, additionally, endow CNMs with new functionalities e.g., UV shielding or antioxidative properties. This article comprehensively reviews the different design strategies and their influence on properties and applications of CNMs containing lignin in various forms; either as residual lignin, added technical lignin, or nanoscale particles. The review focuses especially on the synergy created between CNMs and lignin, paving the way for new production routes and use of CNM/lignin materials in high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Trovagunta
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Tao Zou
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Monica Österberg
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Stephen S Kelley
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Nathalie Lavoine
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA.
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17
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Wang N, Zhang C, Weng Y. Enhancing gas barrier performance of polylactic acid/lignin composite films through cooperative effect of compatibilization and nucleation. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Caili Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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18
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Impacts of cellulose nanofibril and physical aging on the enthalpy relaxation behavior and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of Poly(lactic acid) composite films. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Zheng T, Pilla S. Melt Processing of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Filled Composites: Toward Reinforcement and Foam Nucleation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29602, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29602, United States
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20
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Yang X, Zhong S. Properties of maleic anhydride‐modified lignin nanoparticles/polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang Sichuan China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education) Mianyang Sichuan China
| | - Shengyuan Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang Sichuan China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Materials (Ministry of Education) Mianyang Sichuan China
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21
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Ma M, Liu Z, Hui L, Shang Z, Yuan S, Dai L, Liu P, Liu X, Ni Y. Lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate beads as highly effective adsorbents for cationic organic dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:640-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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The combined effect of reactive and high-shear extrusion on the phase morphologies and properties of PLA/OBC/EGMA ternary blends. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Younas M, Noreen A, Sharif A, Majeed A, Hassan A, Tabasum S, Mohammadi A, Zia KM. A review on versatile applications of blends and composites of CNC with natural and synthetic polymers with mathematical modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:591-626. [PMID: 30447361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is world's most abundant, renewable and recyclable polysaccharide on earth. Cellulose is composed of both amorphous and crystalline regions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are extracted from crystalline region of cellulose. The most attractive feature of CNC is that it can be used as nanofiller to reinforce several synthetic and natural polymers. In this article, a comprehensive overview of modification of several natural and synthetic polymers using CNCs as reinforcer in respective polymer matrix is given. The immense activities of CNCs are successfully utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and to broaden the field of application of respective polymer. All the technical scientific issues have been discussed highlighting the recent advancement in biomedical and packaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Majeed
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abida Hassan
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
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24
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Liu Y, Matuana LM. Surface texture and barrier performance of poly(lactic acid)-cellulose nanocrystal extruded-cast films. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Liu
- School of Packaging; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824
| | - Laurent M. Matuana
- School of Packaging; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824
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25
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Ewulonu CM, Liu X, Wu M, Yong H. Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanomaterials: A Promising New Nanomaterial for Numerous Applications. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2019. [DOI: 10.21967/jbb.v4i1.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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26
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Liu R, Yin X, Huang A, Wang C, Ma E. Preparation of Organo-Montmorillonite Modified Poly(lactic acid) and Properties of Its Blends with Wood Flour. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E204. [PMID: 30960188 PMCID: PMC6418931 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/wood flour (WF) composites were prepared by first blending PLA with organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) at different contents (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt %). The physical and mechanical properties of the virgin and OMMT modified PLA and its WF composites were tested. The results showed that: (1) at low OMMT content (<1 wt %), OMMT can uniformly disperse into the PLA matrix with highly exfoliated structures. When the content increased to 1.5 wt %, some aggregations occurred; (2) after a second extruding process, the aggregated OMMT redistributed into PLA and part of OMMT even penetrated into the WF cell wall. However, at the highest OMMT content (2 wt %), aggregates still existed; (3) the highly exfoliated OMMT was beneficial to the physical and mechanical properties of PLA and the WF composites. The optimal group of OMMT-modified PLA was found at an OMMT content of 0.5 wt %, while for the PLA/WF system, the best properties were achieved at an OMMT content of 1.5 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Yin
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Anmin Huang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Erni Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China.
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Wang X, Jia Y, Liu Z, Miao J. Influence of the Lignin Content on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10091013. [PMID: 30960938 PMCID: PMC6403545 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNFs) composite films with different lignin contents were produced bythe solution casting method. The effect of the lignin content on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallinity properties, and PLA/LCNFs interfacial adhesion wereinvestigated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength and modulus of the PLA/9-LCNFs (9 wt % lignin LCNFs) composites are 37% and 61% higher than those of pure PLA, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases from 61.2 for pure PLA to 52.6 °C for the PLA/14-LCNFs (14 wt % lignin LCNFs) composite, and the composites have higher thermal stability below 380 °C than pure PLA. The DSC results indicate that the LCNFs, containing different lignin contents, act as a nucleating agent to increase the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The effect of the LCNFs lignin content on the PLA/LCNFs compatibility/adhesion was confirmed by the FTIR, SEM, and Tg results. Increasing the LCNFs lignin content increases the storage modulus of the PLA/LCNFs composites to a maximum for the PLA/9-LCNFs composite. This study shows that the lignin content has a considerable effect on the strength and flexibility of PLA/LCNFs composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Yuan Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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28
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Marcuello C, Foulon L, Chabbert B, Molinari M, Aguié-Béghin V. Langmuir-Blodgett Procedure to Precisely Control the Coverage of Functionalized AFM Cantilevers for SMFS Measurements: Application with Cellulose Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9376-9386. [PMID: 30037232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments with functionalized tips are currently one of the most powerful tools to locally measure adhesion forces via single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) measurements. The main difficulty is to precisely control the attachment of biomolecules to the cantilever. Different chemistry procedures have been developed including the use of spacer molecules. Even if a process works well for small biomolecules such as antibodies, issues remain regarding nanoparticles or larger objects such as cellulose nanocrystals because it is difficult to precisely control their coverage and homogeneity. In this work, an original procedure based on the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique was implemented for lever functionalization with cellulose nanocrystals and compared with classical chemical strategies. LB shows to be almost 6.0-fold more efficient than chemical procedure in terms of cellulose nanocrystals coverage attachment. Moreover, the LB technology provides advantage of not requiring linker molecules, which could have detrimental effects such as overestimation of the interaction force. The structural characterization and SMFS measurements of lignocellulosic polymers show that this strategy enables the precise control of the lever coverage, which improves the accuracy of the adhesion measurements. Such methodology is expected to strongly impact the AFM tip/tipless functionalization and SMFS measurements in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marcuello
- FARE Laboratory , INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51100 , Reims , France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences LRN EA4682 , Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51100 , Reims , France
| | - Laurence Foulon
- FARE Laboratory , INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51100 , Reims , France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- FARE Laboratory , INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51100 , Reims , France
| | - Michael Molinari
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences LRN EA4682 , Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51100 , Reims , France
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, IPB, Université de Bordeaux, 33607 , Pessac , France
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Huan S, Liu G, Cheng W, Han G, Bai L. Electrospun Poly(lactic acid)-Based Fibrous Nanocomposite Reinforced by Cellulose Nanocrystals: Impact of Fiber Uniaxial Alignment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1037-1046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P R China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P R China
| | - Wanli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P R China
| | - Guangping Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P R China
| | - Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P R China
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