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Liu G, Pan H, Zhao S, Wang Y, Tang H, Zhang H. Grafting of Amine End-Functionalized Side-Chain Polybenzimidazole Acid-Base Membrane with Enhanced Phosphoric Acid Retention Ability for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:340. [PMID: 38257253 PMCID: PMC10819380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A high phosphoric acid uptake and retention capacity are crucial for the high performance and stable operation of phosphoric acid/polybenzimidazole (PA/PBI)-based high-temperature proton exchange membranes. In this work, amine end-functionalized side-chain grafted PBI (AGPBI) with different grafting degrees are synthesized to enhance both the phosphoric acid uptake and the acid retention ability of the accordingly formed membranes. The optimized acid-base membrane exhibits a PA uptake of 374.4% and an anhydrous proton conductivity of 0.067 S cm-1 at 160 °C, with the remaining proton conductivity percentages of 91.0% after a 100 h stability test. The accordingly fabricated membrane electrode assembly deliver peak power densities of 0.407 and 0.638 W cm-2 under backpressure of 0 and 200 kPa, which are significantly higher than 0.305 and 0.477 W cm-2 for the phosphoric acid-doped unmodified PBI membrane under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Hongfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Shengqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Yadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haolin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Saravanan C, Anbu Sujitha SD, Senthilkumaran M, Shanmugavelan P, Durai Murugan K, Muthu Mareeswaran P. Photophysical Properties of Linear, Net-structured and Branched Polybenzimidazoles. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:125-134. [PMID: 36282346 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybenzimidazoles with three different network structures are synthesized by condensation polymerization between the conventional monomer 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine and three different acid monomers. The synthesised polymer networks are characterized using several characterization techniques such as FT-IR, powder XRD, HR-SEM and TG-DTA analyses. The polybenzimidazoles are amorphous in nature with excellent thermal stability up to 450 ºC. The photophysical properties of polybenzimidazoles are studied using UV-visible absorption and Emission spectral techniques. Further, the excited state photoluminescence decay time measurement shows a functional group dependant decay behaviour. All the three polymers display narrow optical band gap energy and could be applied as a material for solar energy conversion and semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokalingam Saravanan
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugumar Daisylin Anbu Sujitha
- Department of Science and Humanities, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, West Tambaram, Chennai, 600 044, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Poovan Shanmugavelan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tamilnadu Open University, Saidapet, Chennai, 600 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandhasamy Durai Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, Syed Hameetha Arts and Science College, Keelakarai, 623 806, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamilnadu, India.
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Harilal, Shukla A, Chandra Ghosh P, Jana T. Copolymers of Pyridine-bridged polybenzimidazole for the use in high temperature PEM fuel cell. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Membrane-Based Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110810. [PMID: 34832039 PMCID: PMC8625528 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is a zero-carbon footprint energy source with high energy density that could be the basis of future energy systems. Membrane-based water electrolysis is one means by which to produce high-purity and sustainable hydrogen. It is important that the scientific community focus on developing electrolytic hydrogen systems which match available energy sources. In this review, various types of water splitting technologies, and membrane selection for electrolyzers, are discussed. We highlight the basic principles, recent studies, and achievements in membrane-based electrolysis for hydrogen production. Previously, the Nafion™ membrane was the gold standard for PEM electrolyzers, but today, cheaper and more effective membranes are favored. In this paper, CuCl–HCl electrolysis and its operating parameters are summarized. Additionally, a summary is presented of hydrogen production by water splitting, including a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and efficiencies of the relevant technologies. Nonetheless, the development of cost-effective and efficient hydrogen production technologies requires a significant amount of study, especially in terms of optimizing the operation parameters affecting the hydrogen output. Therefore, herein we address the challenges, prospects, and future trends in this field of research, and make critical suggestions regarding the implementation of comprehensive membrane-based electrolytic systems.
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Abstract
As the world’s transportation is seeking to switch towards renewable and sustainable sources of energy, the research in fuel cell technology has gained momentum. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating at temperature range 100–200°C (high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, HT-PEMFCs) has gained interest in their major application to electric power generation. The most promising material is polybenzimidazoles (PBI). Synthesis methods such as condensation polymerization, solid-state or melt polymerization, etc. give the polymer with different inherent viscosity. The monomer modifications both in tetramine and the diacid, reveal variations in glass transition value. Further insight into the membrane casting solvents and methods along with its proton conductivity has been reviewed. Review paper is comprising of Part 1: for the synthesis methods, structural changes, and applications of PBIs in HT-PEMFCs while, Part 2: for the various kinds of PBIs has been discussed.[Formula: see text]
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Haider R, Wen Y, Ma ZF, Wilkinson DP, Zhang L, Yuan X, Song S, Zhang J. High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: progress in advanced materials and key technologies. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:1138-1187. [PMID: 33245736 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are one type of promising energy device with the advantages of fast reaction kinetics (high energy efficiency), high tolerance to fuel/air impurities, simple plate design, and better heat and water management. They have been expected to be the next generation of PEMFCs specifically for application in hydrogen-fueled automobile vehicles and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. However, their high-cost and low durability interposed by the insufficient performance of key materials such as electrocatalysts and membranes at high temperature operation are still the challenges hindering the technology's practical applications. To develop high performance HT-PEMFCs, worldwide researchers have been focusing on exploring new materials and the related technologies by developing novel synthesis methods and innovative assembly techniques, understanding degradation mechanisms, and creating mitigation strategies with special emphasis on catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, proton exchange membranes and bipolar plates. In this paper, the state-of-the-art development of HT-PEMFC key materials, components and device assembly along with degradation mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and HT-PEMFC based CHP systems is comprehensively reviewed. In order to facilitate further research and development of HT-PEMFCs toward practical applications, the existing challenges are also discussed and several future research directions are proposed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Synthesis and preparation of branched block polybenzimidazole membranes with high proton conductivity and single-cell performance for use in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kumar B. S, Sana B, Unnikrishnan G, Jana T, Kumar K. S. S. Polybenzimidazole co-polymers: their synthesis, morphology and high temperature fuel cell membrane properties. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) random co-polymers containing alicyclic and aromatic backbones were synthesized using two different dicarboxylic acids (viz., cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid) by varying their molar ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar B.
- Polymers and Special Chemicals Division
- Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
- Thiruvananthapuram-22
- India
| | | | | | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Santhosh Kumar K. S.
- Polymers and Special Chemicals Division
- Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
- Thiruvananthapuram-22
- India
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Sana B, Koyilapu R, Dineshkumar S, Muthusamy A, Jana T. High temperature PEMs developed from the blends of Polybenzimidazole and poly(azomethine-ether). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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