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Makarewicz C, Safandowska M, Idczak R, Kolodziej S, Rozanski A. Strain Rate and Temperature Influence on Micromechanisms of Plastic Deformation of Polyethylenes Investigated by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:420. [PMID: 38337309 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic deformation of low/high density polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE) was analyzed in this work using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). It was shown that in undeformed LDPE, both the mean ortho-positronium lifetime (τ3) and its dispersion (σ3), corresponding to the average size and size distribution of the free-volume pores of the amorphous component, respectively, were clearly higher than in HDPE. This effect was induced by a lower and less uniform molecular packing of the amorphous regions in LDPE. During the deformation of LDPE, an increase in the τ3 value was observed within the local strains of 0-0.25. This effect was mainly stimulated by a positive relative increase in interlamellar distances due to the deformation of lamellar crystals oriented perpendicular (increased by 31.8%) and parallel (decreased by 10.1%) to the deformation directions. At the same time, the dimension of free-volume pores became more uniform, which was manifested by a decrease in the σ3 value. No significant effect of temperature or strain rate on the τ3 and σ3 values was observed during LDPE deformation. In turn, in the case of HDPE, with an increase in the strain rate/or a decrease in temperature, an intensification of the cavitation phenomenon could be observed with a simultaneous decrease in the τ3 value. This effect was caused by the lack of annihilation of ortho-positonium (o-Ps) along the longer axis of the highly anisotropic/ellipsoidal cavities. Therefore, this dimension was not detectable by the PALS technique. At the same time, the increase in the dimension of the shorter axis of the cavities was effectively limited by the thickness of amorphous layers. As the strain rate increased or the temperature decreased, the σ3 value during HDPE deformation increased. This change was correlated with the initiation and intensification of the cavitation phenomenon. Based on the mechanical response of samples with a similar yield stress, it was also proven that the susceptibility of the amorphous regions of LDPE to the formation of cavities is lower than in the case of amorphous component of HDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Makarewicz
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Safandowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Idczak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, pl. Maksa Borna 9, 50-204 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kolodziej
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Artur Rozanski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Xie L, Zhong J, Li Y, Zhang Y. In situ synthesis of calcium pimelate as a highly dispersed β‐nucleating agent for improving the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China
| | - Jin‐Rong Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China
| | - Yue‐Fei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China
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3
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Enhanced crystallization property and equilibrious mechanical properties of a novel self-assembly nucleating system based phosphate for polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Fang W, Liang G, Li J, Guo S. Microporous Formation Mechanism of Biaxial Stretching PA6/PP Membranes with High Porosity and Uniform Pore Size Distribution. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112291. [PMID: 35683964 PMCID: PMC9183017 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The low porosity and wide pore size distribution of biaxial stretching PP microporous membranes continue to be the primary impediments to their industrial application. To solve this problem, there is a critical and urgent need to study the micropore-forming mechanism of PP membranes. In this research, the interfacial micropore formation mechanism of PA6/PP membranes during biaxial stretching was investigated. PA6/PP membranes containing spherical PA6 and fibrillar PA6 were found to exhibit different interfacial micropore formation mechanisms. Numerous micropores were generated in the PA6/PP membranes, containing PA6 spherical particles via the interface separation between the PP matrix and PA6 spherical particles during longitudinal stretching. Subsequent transverse stretching further expanded the two-phase interface, promoting the breakdown and fibrosis of the PP matrix and forming a spider-web-like microporous structure centered on spherical PA6 particles. In PA6/PP membranes with PA6 fibers, fewer micropores were generated during longitudinal stretching, but the subsequent transverse stretching violently separated the PA6 fibers, resulting in a dense fiber network composed of PA6 fibers interwoven with PP fibers. Crucially, the PA6/PP biaxial stretching of microporous membranes presented an optimized pore structure, higher porosity, narrower pore size distribution, and better permeability than β-PP membranes. Furthermore, this study explored a new approach to the fabrication of high-performance PA6/PP microporous membranes, with good prospects for potential industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiang Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8546-6077
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Farahani M, Jahani Y, Kakanejadifard A, Ohshima M. Self-Assembly of Temperature Sensitive Additives in Polypropylene Melt and Its Influence on Viscoelasticity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Farahani
- Faculty of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 13115-14977, Iran
| | - Yousef Jahani
- Faculty of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 13115-14977, Iran
| | - Ali Kakanejadifard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KYOTO University, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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Yang Q, Liu X, Shi H, Zou L, Cheng K, Li T, Chang B, Liu C, Shen C. Influence of crystal orientation on stretching induced void formation in poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) investigated by in‐situ small‐angle and wide‐angle
X‐
ray scattering. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Honghui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Lin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Kaichang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Taolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Baobao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Changyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Qian C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang D. Tensile deformation mechanism of propylene-1-butene random copolymer: The role of initial crystalline morphology. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen J, Schneider K, Heinrich G. In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Study on the Structure Variation of Morphology-Identified Injection-Molded β-Nucleated iPP under Tensile Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213730. [PMID: 34771288 PMCID: PMC8587524 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformation behavior of semi-crystalline polymers is strongly dependent on the morphology formed during processing. In this study, in-situ synchrotron X-ray was firstly used to identify the morphological distributions of injection-molded isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different concentrations of β-nucleating agent. It was found that under relatively high concentration of β-nucleating agent (i.e., ≥0.03 wt.%), the outer region (skin and shear region) of the iPP was dominated by mainly highly oriented α-phase as well as certain amount γ-phase, while the core region was rich in β-crystals with little if any orientation. The addition of the β-nucleating agent was beneficial for the formation of lamellae with large lamellar stacking distance in the shear layer. Then the synchrotron X-ray was applied to study the structure variation of those morphology-identified samples under tensile deformation. It was found that voids and cavities along the stretching direction existed in the deformed iPP samples and their volume increased with increasing concentration of β-nucleating agent. The increased volume of void and cavity was associated with the β to α phase transition, which mainly occurred at the core region. In addition, upon stretching crystalline fragmentation and rearrangement took place following the formation of thinner lamellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen 361024, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Konrad Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Reexamination of self-assembly of nucleator and its influence on the crystallization of polypropylene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Dong Z, Wang K, Wang D. Morphological Characteristics of β-Nucleating Agents Governing the Formation of the Crystalline Structure of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kezhi Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry (Co., Ltd.), Taiyuan 030021, P. R. China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Liu ZZ, Zheng GQ, Shi HH, Liu CT, Mi LW, Li Q, Liu XH. Simultaneous Enhancement of Toughness and Strength of Stretched iPP Film via Tiny Amount of β-Nucleating Agent under “Shear-free” Melt-extrusion. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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The retardation effects of lamellar slip or/and chain slip on void initiation during uniaxial stretching of oriented iPP. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Dependence of β-crystal formation of isotactic polypropylene on crystallization conditions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Yue Y, Yi J, Wang L, Feng J. Toward a More Comprehensive Understanding on the Structure Evolution and Assembly Formation of a Bisamide Nucleating Agent in Polypropylene Melt. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Yi
- Institution of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institution of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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15
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Yue Y, Feng J. Structure evolution upon heating and cooling and its effects on nucleation performance: A review on aromatic amide β‐nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai China
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16
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Ma Y, Zhou T. Preliminary study of experimental parameters for projection moving-window two-dimensional correlation FTIR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Duan T, Xu H, Tang Y, Jin J, Wang Z. Effect of epitaxial crystallization on the structural evolution of PCL/RGO nanocomposites during stretching by in-situ synchrotron radiation. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Chang B, Schneider K, Lu B, Vogel R, Zheng G, Heinrich G. Accelerating shear-induced crystallization and enhancing crystal orientation of isotactic-polypropylene via nucleating agent self-assembly. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Chang B, Schneider K, Xiang F, Vogel R, Roth S, Heinrich G. Critical Strains for Lamellae Deformation and Cavitation during Uniaxial Stretching of Annealed Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Chang
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Konrad Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Xiang
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Vogel
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Roth
- Photon Science
at DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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