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Lathrop P, Sun R, Beyer FL, Elabd YA. Highly Frustrated Poly(ionic liquid) ABC Triblock Terpolymers with Exceptionally High Morphology Factors. Macromolecules 2024; 57:3776-3797. [PMID: 38681059 PMCID: PMC11044597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the successful synthesis of 17 unique compositions of a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) ABC triblock terpolymer, poly(S-b-VBMIm-TFSI-b-HA), where S is styrene, VBMIm-TFSI is vinylbenzyl methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and HA is hexyl acrylate. Nine distinct morphologies were observed, including two-phase and three-phase disordered microphase separated (D2 and D3), two-phase hexagonally packed cylinders (C2), core-shell hexagonally packed cylinders (CCS), three-phase lamellae (L3), two-phase lamellae (L2), core-shell double gyroid (Q230), spheres-in-lamellae (LSI), and a three-phase hexagonal superlattice of cylinders (CSL). The LSI morphology was unambiguously confirmed using small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Morphology type significantly impacted the ion conductivity of the PIL ABC triblock terpolymers, where remarkable changes in morphology factor (normalized ion conductivity) were observed with only small changes in the conducting volume fraction, i.e., PIL block composition. An exceptionally high morphology factor of 2.0 was observed from the PIL ABC triblock terpolymer with a hexagonal superlattice morphology due to the three-dimensional narrow, continuous PIL nanodomains that accelerate ion conduction. Overall, this work demonstrates the first systematic study of highly frustrated single-ion conducting ABC triblock terpolymers with a diverse set of morphologies and exceptionally high morphology factors, enabling the exploration of transport-morphology relationships to guide the future design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
M. Lathrop
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frederick L. Beyer
- U.S.
Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Guo L, Xu J, Du B. Self-assembly of ABCBA Linear Pentablock Terpolymers. POLYM REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2023.2178008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gavrilov AA. Effect of the counterion size on microphase separation in charged-neutral diblock copolymers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054901. [PMID: 36754807 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the question of the influence of the counterion size on the self-assembly in melts of diblock copolymers with one charged block was studied using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. It was assumed that the blocks were fully compatible, i.e., the Flory-Huggins parameter χ between them was equal to 0. Due to the presence of correlation attraction (electrostatic cohesion) between the charged species, the systems with all types of counterions underwent transitions to ordered states, forming various morphologies, including lamellae, perforated lamellae, and hexagonally packed cylinders. Phase diagrams were constructed by varying the chain composition fc and locating the order-disorder transition positions in terms of the electrostatic strength parameter λ (dimensionless Bjerrum length). Despite having a rather large ion size mismatch, the systems with smaller counterions demonstrated an even better tendency to form microphase separated states than the systems with larger ones. It was found that the differences between the phase diagrams of the systems with different counterions can be roughly rationalized by using coordinates (volume fraction of the charged block φc-modified interaction parameter λ*). The latter parameter assumes that the electrostatic energy is simply inversely proportional to the characteristic distance between the ions of different signs. Such an approach appeared to be rather effective and allowed the diagrams obtained for different counterion sizes to almost coincide. The results of this work suggest that the counterion size can be used as a tool to control the system morphology as well as the effective incompatibility between the blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia and A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Sun R, Agrawal M, Neyerlin KC, Snyder JD, Elabd YA. Proton Conducting Sulfonated Poly(Ionic Liquid) Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mahesh Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kenneth C. Neyerlin
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Rollo-Walker G, Malic N, Wang X, Chiefari J, Forsyth M. Development and Progression of Polymer Electrolytes for Batteries: Influence of Structure and Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4127. [PMID: 34883630 PMCID: PMC8659097 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes continue to offer the opportunity for safer, high-performing next-generation battery technology. The benefits of a polymeric electrolyte system lie in its ease of processing and flexibility, while ion transport and mechanical strength have been highlighted for improvement. This report discusses how factors, specifically the chemistry and structure of the polymers, have driven the progression of these materials from the early days of PEO. The introduction of ionic polymers has led to advances in ionic conductivity while the use of block copolymers has also increased the mechanical properties and provided more flexibility in solid polymer electrolyte development. The combination of these two, ionic block copolymer materials, are still in their early stages but offer exciting possibilities for the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Rollo-Walker
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Nino Malic
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
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Chen TL, Lathrop PM, Sun R, Elabd YA. Lithium-Ion Transport in Poly(ionic liquid) Diblock Copolymer Electrolytes: Impact of Salt Concentration and Cation and Anion Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Patrick M. Lathrop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Liang Z, Tavajohi N, Li B, Li T. Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Conductivity and Transference Number of Li Ions for Li-Based Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003675. [PMID: 33854893 PMCID: PMC8025011 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart electronics and wearable devices require batteries with increased energy density, enhanced safety, and improved mechanical flexibility. However, current state-of-the-art Li-based rechargeable batteries (LBRBs) use highly reactive and flowable liquid electrolytes, severely limiting their ability to meet the above requirements. Therefore, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are introduced to tackle the issues of liquid electrolytes. Nevertheless, due to their low Li+ conductivity and Li+ transference number (LITN) (around 10-5 S cm-1 and 0.5, respectively), SPE-based room temperature LBRBs are still in their early stages of development. This paper reviews the principles of Li+ conduction inside SPEs and the corresponding strategies to improve the Li+ conductivity and LITN of SPEs. Some representative applications of SPEs in high-energy density, safe, and flexible LBRBs are then introduced and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Power and Energy Storage BatteriesGraduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yunan Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Power and Energy Storage BatteriesGraduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | | | - Baohua Li
- Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Power and Energy Storage BatteriesGraduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL60115USA
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Chen TL, Sun R, Willis C, Krutzer B, Morgan BF, Beyer FL, Han KS, Murugesan V, Elabd YA. Impact of ionic liquid on lithium ion battery with a solid poly(ionic liquid) pentablock terpolymer as electrolyte and separator. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhou Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Li R, Wang Y, Zhou N, Shen J, Zhou Y. Dicationic tetraalkylammonium-based polymeric ionic liquid with star and four-arm topologies as advanced solid-state electrolyte for lithium metal battery. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Microphase separation of poly(propylene monothiocarbonate)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers induced by differential interactions with salt. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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