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Prine N, Cao Z, Zhang S, Li T, Do C, Hong K, Cardinal C, Thornell TL, Morgan SE, Gu X. Enabling quantitative analysis of complex polymer blends by infrared nanospectroscopy and isotopic deuteration. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7365-7373. [PMID: 37038929 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-force microscopy coupled with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) deciphers surface morphology of thin-film polymer blends and composites by simultaneously mapping physical topography and chemical composition. However, acquiring quantitative phase and composition information from multi-component blends can be challenging using AFM-IR due to the possible overlapping infrared absorption bands between different species. Isotope labeling one of the blend components introduces a new type of bond (carbon-deuterium vibration) that can be targeted using AFM-IR and responds at wavelengths sufficiently shifted toward unoccupied regions (around 2200 cm-1). In this project, AFM-IR was used to probe the surface morphology and chemical composition of three polymer blends containing deuterated polystyrene; each blend is expected to exhibit various degrees of miscibility. AFM-IR results successfully demonstrated that deuterium labeling prevents infrared spectral overlap and enables the visualization of blend phases that could not normally be distinguished by other scanning probe techniques. The nanoscale domain composition was resolved by fast infrared spectrum analysis. Overall, we presented isotope labeling as a robust approach for circumventing obstacles preventing the quantitative analysis of multiphase systems by AFM-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Prine
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Camille Cardinal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
| | - Travis L Thornell
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
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Pokora M, Paneth A, Paneth P. Non-Covalent Isotope Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3735-3742. [PMID: 37042752 PMCID: PMC10123821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we present examples of isotope effects that originate from noncovalent interactions, mainly hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, and confinement. They are traditionally widely used in isotopic enrichment processes, as well as in studies of mechanisms of different (bio)chemical and physical phenomena. We then show the emerging areas of their applications, mainly medical and material sciences. We stress that these emerging applications require either high enrichment or isotopic substitution, which requires the development of new effective techniques of isotopic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pokora
- International
Center of Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) −
International Research Agenda, Lodz University
of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Paneth
- Chair
and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Paneth
- International
Center of Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) −
International Research Agenda, Lodz University
of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University
of Technology, Zeromskiego
116, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Cho SH, Pelczer I, Register RA. Regularity of Deuteration in Linear Polyethylene Prepared by Saturation of Polycyclopentene over Homogeneous Catalysts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyuk Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - István Pelczer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Li L, Li T, Arras MM, Bonnesen PV, Peng X, Li W, Hong K. Chain arrangements of selectively deuterated poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers as revealed by neutron scattering. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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