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Rossin ARS, Spessato L, Cardoso FDSL, Caetano J, Caetano W, Radovanovic E, Dragunski DC. Electrospinning in personal protective equipment for healthcare work. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37362955 PMCID: PMC10183089 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Protection in many service areas is mandatory for good performance in daily activities of workers, especially health areas. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used to protect patients and health workers from contamination by harmful pathogens and body fluids during clinical attendance. The pandemic scenario caused by SARS-CoV-2 has shown that the world is not prepared to face global disease outbreaks, especially when it comes to the PPE of healthcare workers. In the last years, the world has faced a deficiency in the development of advanced technologies to produce high-quality PPE to attend to the exponential increasing demand. Electrospinning is a technology that can be used to produce high-quality PPE by improving the protective action of clothing. In the face of this concern, this manuscript presents as focus the potential of electrospinning to be applied in protective clothing. PPE mostly used by healthcare workers are also presented. The physico-chemical characteristics and production processes of medical textiles for PPE are addressed. Furthermore, an overview of the electrospinning technique is shown. It is important to highlight most research about electrospinning applied to PPE for health areas presents gaps and challenges; thus, future projections are also addressed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Regina Souza Rossin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil
- Center of Engineering and Exact Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85903-000 Brazil
| | - Lucas Spessato
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Fabiana da Silva Lima Cardoso
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil
- Center of Engineering and Exact Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85903-000 Brazil
| | - Josiane Caetano
- Center of Engineering and Exact Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85903-000 Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Radovanovic
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Douglas Cardoso Dragunski
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900 Brazil
- Center of Engineering and Exact Sciences, State University of West Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85903-000 Brazil
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Facile Fabric Detoxification Treatment Method Using Microwave and Polyethyleneimine Against Nerve Gas Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122861. [PMID: 33265928 PMCID: PMC7759827 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, detoxification fabrics are defined as fabrics that remove or inhibit the production of toxic compounds, especially chemical warfare agents such as nerve gas agents. They are usually prepared using a complicated and time-consuming method. This study suggests a facile treatment method for preparing detoxification fabrics against nerve gas agents using polyethyleneimine and microwave curing. The detoxification properties of polyethyleneimine and microwave-treated polypropylene nonwoven fabric were evaluated using diisopropylfluoro-phosphate, which is a nerve agent simulant. The treated polypropylene fabric decontaminated 53.6% of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in 2 h at 32 °C, and the half-life of DFP on the surface of the treated fabric was 122 min. The result indicates that the treated fabric can act as a basic organocatalyst for the DFP hydrolysis and has a shorter half-life owing to the large number of amine groups. Therefore, the facile treatment method has the potential for use in the preparation of detoxification fabrics.
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Jeong H, Kim S, Gil M, Song S, Kim TH, Lee KJ. Preparation of Poly-1-butene Nanofiber Mat and Its Application as Shutdown Layer of Next Generation Lithium Ion Battery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102267. [PMID: 33019740 PMCID: PMC7601798 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonwoven nanofiber webs from polyolefin show great potential in various fields such as nanofilters, high performance membranes and separators in lithium ion batteries (LiB). Although nonwoven microfiber webs can be obtained by the well-established melt-blown method, it is relatively difficult to produce nonwoven nanofiber web using polyolefin (polyethylene and polypropylene). There have been several reports on the preparation of polyolefin nanofibers by melt-electrospinning, although this approach presents several intrinsic disadvantages, i.e., high processing costs, the requirement of complex equipment, and poor control over pore size or fiber diameter. Solution-based electrospinning has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of melt-electrospinning, but the solubility of most polyolefin is poor. In this study, we found that poly-1-butene, a member of the poly(alpha-olefin) family, can be used in the electrospinning process. We set the concentration of the polymeric solution for electrospinning at 0.65–1.7 g/mL. Here, we report on the fabrication of nonwoven fiber webs composed of poly-1-butene and their copolymers. The diameter of the nonwoven fiber mat was 0.2–0.4 μm, which can be applicable for shutdown layer. As a representative application, we prepared a poly-1-butene nanofiber separator with an appropriate pore size by electrospinning for use as the shut-down layer of a next-generation LiB. The PB-based nanofiber mat provided shutdown ability at around 100 to 120 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro (st), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (H.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Sohee Kim
- Center for Membranes, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Manjae Gil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro (st), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (H.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Institute of Technology, Ylemtechnology, 419-13, Sandanjungang-ro, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do 59613, Korea;
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Center for Membranes, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.-H.K.); (K.J.L.)
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro (st), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (H.J.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (T.-H.K.); (K.J.L.)
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Kwon W, Jeong E. Detoxification Properties of Guanidinylated Chitosan Against Chemical Warfare Agents and Its Application to Military Protective Clothing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071461. [PMID: 32629819 PMCID: PMC7407510 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the detoxification properties of guanidinylated chitosan against chemical warfare agents and its application to the preparation of military protective clothing. Guanidinylated chitosan was synthesized by chitosan guanidinylation with cyanamide. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan were then evaluated using a chemical warfare agent simulant, called diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Cotton fabric was treated with 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan in acetic acid and water solution using the simple and conventional textile treatment method of pad–dry–cure. The detoxification properties of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric were evaluated to investigate the application of guanidinylated chitosan to the preparation of military protective clothing. Subsequently, 71.3% of DFP was hydrolyzed to non-hazardous diisopropylhydrogenphosphate (DHP) in 2 h because of the base organocatalytic activity of 0.02 g guanidinylated chitosan itself. Moreover, 60.1% of DFP was hydrolyzed by the catalytic activity of the guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton fabric, which contained only 0.0002 g of guanidinylated chitosan. This result shows that the guanidinylated chitosan itself has detoxification properties for hydrolyzing DFP to DHP, and its detoxification properties can be more efficient when applied to cotton fabric because it showed 84.3% of the detoxification properties with only 1 wt.% of guanidinylated chitosan. For the first time, this study shows that guanidinylated chitosan has considerable detoxification properties and can be used as an agent to prepare protective clothing.
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Son YJ, Kim SJ, Kim YJ, Jung KH. Selective Vapor Permeation Behavior of Crosslinked PAMPS Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E987. [PMID: 32344509 PMCID: PMC7240673 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of crosslinking on vapor permeation behavior of polyelectrolyte membranes was studied. Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) membranes were crosslinked by using crosslinkers with different lengths between the reactive ends. Crosslinked membranes with a longer crosslinking length showed lower water vapor permeability due to the lower sorption coefficient. It was also shown that the permeation behavior of PAMPS membranes was more affected by sorption than diffusion. For chemical protection applications, the ratio of water over chemical warfare agent permeability (i.e., selectivity) was measured. Due to the high water solubility of polyelectrolytes, crosslinked PAMPS allowed for the selective permeation of water over harmful chemical vapor, showing a selectivity of 20. The addition of electrospun nylon nanofibers in the membranes significantly improved the selectivity to 80, since the embedded nanofibers effectively reduced both diffusion and sorption coefficients of chemical warfare agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Son
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea; (Y.J.S.); (S.J.K.)
| | - So Jeong Kim
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea; (Y.J.S.); (S.J.K.)
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hye Jung
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea; (Y.J.S.); (S.J.K.)
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