1
|
Prebihalo EA, Johnson M, Reineke TM. Bio-Based Thiol-ene Network Thermosets from Isosorbide and Terpenes. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:586-591. [PMID: 38666714 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Thermoset networks are chemically cross-linked materials that exhibit high heat resistance and mechanical strength; however, the permanently cross-linked system makes end-of-life degradation difficult. Thermosets that are inherently degradable and made from renewably derived starting materials are an underexplored area in sustainable polymer chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of novel sugar- and terpene-based monomers as the enes in thiol-ene network formation. The resulting networks showed varied mechanical properties depending on the thiol used during cross-linking, ranging from strain-at-breaks of 12 to 200%. Networks with carveol or an isosorbide-based thiol incorporated showed plastic deformation under tensile stress testing, while geraniol-containing networks demonstrated linear stress-strain behavior. The storage modulus at the rubbery plateau was highly dependent on the thiol cross-linker, showing an order of magnitude difference between commercial PETMP, DTT, and synthesized Iso2MC. Thermal degradation temperatures were low for the networks, primarily below 200 °C, and the Tg values ranged from -17 to 31 °C. Networks were rapidly degraded under basic conditions, showing complete degradation after 2 days for nearly all synthesized thermosets. This library demonstrates the range of thermal and mechanical properties that can be targeted using monomers from sugars and terpenes and expands the field of renewably derived and degradable thermoset network materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Melody Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bourguignon M, Grignard B, Detrembleur C. Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:988-1000. [PMID: 38157412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For decades, self-blown polyurethane foams─found in an impressive range of materials─are produced by the toxic isocyanate chemistry and are difficult to recycle. Producing them in existing production plants by a rapid isocyanate-free self-blowing process from room temperature (RT) formulations is a long-lasting challenge. The recent water-induced self-blowing of nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) formulations composed of a CO2-based tricyclic carbonate, diamine, water, and a catalyst successfully addressed the isocyanate issue, however failed to provide foams at RT. Herein, we elaborate a practical solution to empower the NIPU foam formation in record timeframes from RT formulations. We generate cascade exotherms by the addition of a highly reactive triamine and an epoxide to the formulation of the water-induced self-foaming process. These exotherms, combined to a fast cross-linking imparted by the triamine and epoxide, rapidly raise the temperature to the foaming threshold and deliver hybrid NIPU foams in 5 min with KOH as a catalyst. Careful selection of the monomers enables producing foams with a wide range of properties, as well as with an unprecedented high biobased content up to 90 wt %. Moreover, foams can be upcycled into polymer films by hot pressing, offering them a facile reuse scenario. This robust cheap process opens huge perspectives for greener foams of high biobased contents, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of the foam sector. It is potentially compatible to the retrofitting of industrial foaming infrastructures, which is of paramount importance to accommodate existing foam production plants and address the huge foam market demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bourguignon
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
- FRITCO2T Platform, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre 1300, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang P, Zhang G, Pan J, Ma C, Zhang G. Non-isocyanate Polyurethane Coating with High Hardness, Superior Flexibility, and Strong Substrate Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5998-6004. [PMID: 36683575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible hard coatings with strong adhesion are critical requirements for several foldable devices and marine applications; however, only a few such coatings have been reported. Herein, we report a non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) coating prepared by the epoxy-oligosiloxane nanocluster-amine curing reaction and cyclic carbonate-amine polyaddition, where the former provides the coating with ceramic-like hardness and polymer-like flexibility while the latter polymerization results in NIPU with strong substrate adhesion. The coating is transparent (>92% transmittance), hard (5-7 H), and flexible (2 mm bending diameter). It has strong adhesion to various substrates including aluminum alloy, titanium, steel, glass, ceramic, epoxy, and polyethylene terephthalate (2-8 MPa), which can be attributed to the high density of polar groups in NIPU. Moreover, we can facilely endow the coating with anti-icing, self-cleaning, and anti-smudge capabilities by incorporating amine-terminated low-surface-tension polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to replace a part of the amine curing agent. Particularly, the mechanical properties of NIPU coatings are only slightly affected by the introduction of low-content PDMS since it intends to enrich on the surface. The novel coating has promising future for use in fields of foldable devices and marine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengli Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiansen Pan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gomez-Lopez A, Grignard B, Calvo I, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Accelerating the Curing of Hybrid Poly(Hydroxy Urethane)-Epoxy Adhesives by the Thiol-Epoxy Chemistry. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:8786-8794. [PMID: 36532887 PMCID: PMC9745729 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The polyaddition between dicyclic carbonates and diamines leading to poly(hydroxy urethane)s (PHUs) has emerged as the preferred method for the synthesis of green, non-isocyanate polyurethanes. However, when proposed for use as structural adhesives, the long times for completion of aminolysis of the 5-membered cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions force the use of complementary chemistries to accelerate the curing process. In this work, a system that combines an amino-terminated PHU (NH2-PHU-NH2), an epoxy resin, and a thiol compound was employed to develop high-shear strength PHU-epoxy hybrid adhesives able to cure at room temperature in short times. A NH2-PHU-NH2 prepolymer synthesized by using a sub-stoichiometric quantity of dicyclic carbonates was mixed with a bisphenol A-based epoxy resin for the preparation of the structural adhesive. While this adhesive showed good lap-shear strength and shear resistance under static load and temperature, the curing process was slow. In order to speed up the curing process, a thiol (trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercapto propionate)) was added and its impact on the curing process as well as on the adhesive properties was evaluated. The trifunctional thiol additive allowed for faster curing in the presence of the 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine basic catalyst. Moreover, a combination of NH2-PHU-NH2 and the thiol as curing agents for the epoxy resin resulted in adhesives with superior toughness, without any deterioration of the ultimate lap-shear strength or shear resistance under load and temperature, making these adhesives suitable for high-demand applications in the automotive industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- R&D
Department, ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L., Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quinsaat JEQ, Feghali E, van de Pas DJ, Vendamme R, Torr KM. Preparation of Biobased Nonisocyanate Polyurethane/Epoxy Thermoset Materials Using Depolymerized Native Lignin. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4562-4573. [PMID: 36224101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane polymers are found in a wide range of material applications. However, the toxic nature of isocyanates used in their formulation is a major concern; hence, more environmentally friendly alternatives are of high interest in the search for new sustainable polymer materials. In this work, we present the preparation of isocyanate-free polyurethane/epoxy hybrid thermosets with a high biobased content (85-90 wt %). The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). The LHO was functionalized with epichlorohydrin to yield the epoxidized structure (LHO-GE), which was in turn reacted with CO2 to form the cyclocarbonated species (LHO-CC). Blends of the LHO-CC and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDGE) were cured to produce hybrid PHU/epoxy (LHO-CC/GDGE) thermosets. Thermosetting materials with flexural moduli of 4.5 GPa and flexural strengths of 160 MPa were produced by optimizing the mass ratio of the two main components and the triamine hardener. These novel biobased hybrid materials outperformed the corresponding epoxy-only thermosets and comparable hybrid PHU/epoxy materials produced from petrochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Feghali
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand.,Chemical Engineering Program, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh1211, Lebanon.,Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Vendamme
- Sustainable Polymer Technologies (SPOT) Team, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol2400, Belgium.,Department of Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BrusselsB-1050, Belgium
| | - Kirk M Torr
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua3046, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MacInnis CM, Younes GR, Marić M. The effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane fillers in
non‐isocyanate
polyurethane hybrid resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlee M. MacInnis
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Georges R. Younes
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gomez-Lopez A, Ayensa N, Grignard B, Irusta L, Calvo I, Müller AJ, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Enhanced and Reusable Poly(hydroxy urethane)-Based Low Temperature Hot-Melt Adhesives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:194-207. [PMID: 35698472 PMCID: PMC9185748 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Poly(hydroxy urethane)s
(PHUs) based on 5-membered cyclic carbonates
have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional isocyanate-based
polyurethanes. However, while from the point of view of sustainability
they represent an improvement, their properties are still not competitive
with conventional polyurethanes. In this work, the potential of PHUs
as reversible hot-melt adhesives is discussed. We found that with
a judicious choice of reagents (i.e., the dicyclic carbonate and diamine),
the detrimental hydrogen bonding between the soft segment of the chains
and the pendant hydroxyl groups was partially avoided, thus imparting
PHUs with hot-melt adhesion properties (i.e., adhesion at elevated
temperatures and cohesiveness at a temperature lower than Tg/Tm). The importance
of a balanced hard to soft segment ratio, along with the relevance
of the chain extender in the final properties, is highlighted. Addition
of aliphatic diamines (HMDA, 1,12-DAD) resulted in rubbery materials,
while the employment of cycloaliphatic (CBMA) or aromatic ones (MXDA,
PXDA) led to materials with hot-melt adhesive properties. The thermoreversibility
of all compositions was assessed by rebonding specimens after lap-shear
tests. Lap-shear strength values that were comparable to the virgin
adhesives were observed. The breaking and reformation of hydrogen
bonding interactions was demonstrated by FTIR measurements at different
temperatures, as well as by rheological frequency sweep experiments.
In order to mitigate the negative impact of the low molar mass PHUs
and to enhance the service temperature of the adhesives, a hybrid
PHU was prepared by adding a small amount of an epoxy resin, which
acts as a cross-linker. These hybrid PHUs maintain the thermoreversibility
displayed by thermoplastic PHUs while providing better adhesion at
elevated temperatures. We believe that this work provides some important
insights into the design of PHU-based hot-melt adhesives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Naroa Ayensa
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Sivanesan D, Kim S, Jang TW, Kim HJ, Song J, Seo B, Lim CS, Kim HG. Effects of flexible and rigid parts of ε-caprolactone and tricyclodecanediol derived polyurethane on the polymer properties of epoxy resin. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Gomez-Lopez A, Elizalde F, Calvo I, Sardon H. Trends in non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12254-12265. [PMID: 34709246 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transition towards safer and more sustainable production of polymers has led to a growing body of academic research into non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) as potential replacements for conventional, isocyanate-based polyurethane materials. This perspective article focuses on the opportunities and current limitations of NIPUs produced by the reaction between biobased cyclic carbonates with amines, which offers an interesting pathway to renewable NIPUs. While it was initially thought that due to the similarities in the chemical structure, NIPUs could be used to directly replace conventional polyurethanes (PU), this has proven to be more challenging to achieve in practice. As a result, and in spite of the vast amount of academic research into this topic, the market size of NIPUs remains negligible. In this perspective, we will emphasize the main limitations of NIPUs in comparison to conventional PUs and the most significant advances made by others and us to overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide our personal view of where research should be directed to promote the transition from the academic to the industrial sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Fermin Elizalde
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bratasyuk NA, Zuev VV. The effect molecular weight of polyol components on shape memory effect of epoxy‐polyurethane composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Bratasyuk
- Department of Bioengineering ITMO University Sankt Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Vjacheslav V. Zuev
- Department of Bioengineering ITMO University Sankt Petersburg Russian Federation
- Department of Polymer Spectroscopy Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sankt Petersburg Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gomez-Lopez A, Panchireddy S, Grignard B, Calvo I, Jerome C, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Poly(hydroxyurethane) Adhesives and Coatings: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:9541-9562. [PMID: 35692866 PMCID: PMC9173693 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) adhesives and coatings are widely used to fabricate high-quality materials due to their excellent properties and their versatile nature, which stems from the wide range of commercially available polyisocyanate and polyol precursors. This polymer family has traditionally been used in a wide range of adhesive applications including the bonding of footwear soles, bonding of wood (flooring) to concrete (subflooring), in the automotive industry for adhering different car parts, and in rotor blades, in which large surfaces are required to be adhered. Moreover, PUs are also frequently applied as coatings/paints for automotive finishes and can be applied over a wide range of substrates such as wood, metal, plastic, and textiles. One of the major drawbacks of this polymer family lies in the use of toxic isocyanate-based starting materials. In the context of the REACH regulation, which places restrictions on the use of substances containing free isocyanates, it is now urgent to find greener routes to PUs. While non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on the polyaddition of poly(cyclic carbonate)s to polyamines have emerged in the past decade as greener alternatives to conventional PUs, their industrial implementation is at an early stage of development. In this review article, recent advances in the application of NIPUs in the field of adhesives and coatings are summarized. The article also draws attention to the opportunities and challenges of implementing NIPUs at the industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Satyannarayana Panchireddy
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Inigo Calvo
- ORIBAY
Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christine Jerome
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- E-mail: . Tel.: +3243663465
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- E-mail: . Tel.: +34943015303
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhatia S, Khan S, Angra S. Effect of the content of silane-functionalized boron carbide on the mechanical and wear performance of B4C reinforced epoxy composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211031129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the mechanical, physical, and tribological properties of the boron carbide (B4C) reinforced epoxy matrix composites (BEMCs). The BEMC samples were prepared with various B4C concentration of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%. B4C particles were treated with a silane coupling agent to ensure efficient adhesion with epoxy. The influence of a range of parameters (particle loading, sliding speed, sliding distance, and normal load) on the wear and friction behavior of BEMCs were evaluated by conducting wear tests under dry sliding conditions on a pin-on-disc wear test set-up. The addition of B4C to the epoxy polymer improved the wear resistance of the composites. Maximum wear resistance and coefficient of friction were observed for the composite with the highest percentage of B4C (5%). The specific wear rate was reduced on increasing load and sliding distance and increased with the sliding velocity. Mechanical properties including compression strength, flexural strength, and impact energy, along with physical properties such as density and hardness, were also evaluated. B4C particles improved the hardness, density, flexural and compression strength, and impact resistance of the composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the worn-out surfaces and flexural fractured surfaces was carried out to predict the possible wear and fracture mechanisms. Micro-ploughing, abrasion, and adhesion were the wear mechanisms in BEMCs. Under the flexural loads, particulate de-bonding, pull-out, and brittle fracture of the matrix were the governing failure mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Bhatia
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Faridabad, India
- Automobile Engineering Department, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India
| | - Sabah Khan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Surjit Angra
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Faridabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonates: Versatility for Applications in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceutical, and Materials Sciences. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the recent advances involving several applications of five-membered cyclic carbonates and derivatives. With more than 150 references, it covers the period from 2012 to 2020, with special emphasis on the use of five-membered cyclic carbonates as building blocks for organic synthesis and material elaboration. We demonstrate the application of cyclic carbonates in several important chemical transformations, such as decarboxylation, hydrogenation, and transesterification reactions, among others. The presence of cyclic carbonates in molecules with high biological potential is also displayed, together with the importance of these compounds in the preparation of materials such as urethanes, polyurethanes, and flame retardants.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang S, Xue H, Guo S, Cao M, Cong F, Araby S, Meng Q. Graphene/nanorubber reinforced electrically conductive epoxy composites with enhanced toughness. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Hongqian Xue
- School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Health Service Department Northern Theatre General Hospital Shenyang China
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Fanglin Cong
- College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
| | - Sherif Araby
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences Nazarbayev University Nur‐Sultan Kazakhstan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - Qingshi Meng
- College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang China
- Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute Shenyang China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee JH. Using Dihydrazides as Thermal Latent Curing Agents in Epoxy-Based Sealing Materials for Liquid Crystal Displays. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E109. [PMID: 33383914 PMCID: PMC7795022 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, highly adhesive epoxy-based sealing materials for liquid crystal (LC) displays were fabricated using different types of dihydrazides as thermal latent curing agents. Their curing characteristics, mechanical properties, LC contamination levels, and electro-optical characteristics were investigated depending on the chemical structure of dihydrazides. The epoxy-based sealing material containing a dihydrazide derivative with a bulky heterocyclic ring afforded a high heat curing conversion of 90.4%, high adhesion strength of 54.3 kgf cm-2, and a high elongation of 57.3% due to the relatively low melting characteristic under heat treatment compared to those involving dihydrazides with short aliphatic or aromatic spacers. In addition, the proposed sealing material exhibited an extremely low LC contamination level of 9 µm, which is essential to the successful operation of LC displays. With respect to electro-optical properties of the LC device, it was found that a dihydrazide derivative with a bulky heterocyclic ring afforded a normal voltage-dependent transmittance curve and fast response time due to the prevention of abnormal homogeneous LC alignment. This study developed highly adhesive and robust epoxy-based sealing materials based on the use of dihydrazides as thermal latent curing agents for advanced LC displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gomez-Lopez A, Grignard B, Calvo I, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Synergetic Effect of Dopamine and Alkoxysilanes in Sustainable Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000538. [PMID: 33244816 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) by polyaddition of (poly)cyclic carbonates to (poly)amines represents one of the most optimistic alternatives for replacing conventional polyurethanes prepared by the toxic isocyanate chemistry. However, the limited reactivity of conventional five membered cyclic carbonates even in the presence of catalysts restricts their industrial implementation. One way to mitigate this lack of reactivity is to combine with other chemistries to create hybrid-NIPUs with superior performance. In this article the combination of the adhesive promoter, dopamine, and the fast-curing promoter, an aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, is found to create a synergetic effect on the rheological and adhesive properties of NIPUs. After demonstrating the importance of adjusting soft/hard ratios to obtain lap-shear strength adhesion values up to 21 MPa on stainless steel, these values are retained when adding dopamine and silane compounds. Importantly, the adhesive properties of NIPU are preserved at high temperature (T > 200 °C) for optimal compositions. Finally, adhesion tests on various substrates (polyamide, high density polyethylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), oak wood, and aluminum) show best performances on polar substrates confirming the strong interactions of hydroxyl groups of NIPU and dopamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San, Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, Donostia-San, Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building B6A, Agora Square, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San, Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen J, Chu N, Zhao M, Jin F, Park S. Synthesis and application of thermal latent initiators of epoxy resins: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Na Chu
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun City China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Fan‐Long Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Soo‐Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry Inha University Incheon South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lambeth
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Grounds MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Quienne B, Kasmi N, Dieden R, Caillol S, Habibi Y. Isocyanate-Free Fully Biobased Star Polyester-Urethanes: Synthesis and Thermal Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1943-1951. [PMID: 32175728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A green strategy for the synthesis of nonisocyanate polyester-urethanes (NIPHEUs) was developed. These NIPHEUs were synthesized by step growth polymerization combining sugar-derived dimethyl-2,5-furan dicarboxylate (DMFD) with polyhydroxylurethanes (PHUs) adducts bearing four hydroxyl groups. The later hydroxyl urethane tetraols (HU-tetraols) building blocks were prepared by aminolysis of glycerol carbonate with two different aliphatic diamines having different chain lengths, 8 and 12 carbons. Qualitative and quantitative NMR analyses of the HU-tetraols showed the presence of primary and secondary hydroxyl moieties at different ratios. Hence, in the polycondensation stage, the stoichiometry of the diester was varied from 1 to 6 equiv in order to tailor the structural features of the prepared NIPHEUs. The success of the chain extension through polycondensation was confirmed by FTIR and NMR analyses. Thermal analyses of these new polymers demonstrated satisfactory thermal stability, with onset degradation temperatures ranging from 170 to 220 °C where the main first degradation stage occurs. Their melting temperatures ranged between 93 and 110 °C and seem to be driven by the thermal behavior of HU-tetraol monomers. Surprisingly, preliminary results from thermal analyses revealed the occurrence of a striking thermal change in the NIPHEUs upon repetitive heating cycles. This behavior may be related to a thermal-induced bond exchange probably driven by transcarbamoylation reaction. Such interesting vitrimer-like behavior for this new type of NIPHEUs would be unique and should be confirmed by a deeper study before leading to a new range of functional green materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nejib Kasmi
- Materials Research and Technology Department (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reiner Dieden
- Materials Research and Technology Department (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Youssef Habibi
- Materials Research and Technology Department (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Morado EG, Zimmerman SC. Construction from destruction using a photo-triggered self-propagating degradable polyurethane as a one-pot epoxy. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a photo-triggered, base generating, base propagating degradable polyurethane that is triggered by 365 nm UV light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Ephraim G. Morado
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|