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Xin Li J, Jiao Zhang M, Feng Shi J, Peng Wang S, Mei Zhong X, Han Wu Y, Qu Y, Le Gao H, Ming Zhang J. pH-sensitive nano-polyelectrolyte complexes with arthritic macrophage-targeting delivery of triptolide. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122572. [PMID: 36592894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since pro-inflammatory macrophages take on a critical significance in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the therapeutics to affect macrophages may receive distinct anti-RA effects. However, the therapeutic outcomes are still significantly impeded, which is primarily due to the insufficient drug delivery at the arthritic site. In this study, the macrophage-targeting and pH stimuli-responsive nano-polyelectrolyte complexes were designed for the efficient targeted delivery of triptolide (TP/PNPs) on the arthritic site. The anionic and cationic amphiphilic copolymers, i.e., hyaluronic acid-g-vitamin E succinate (HA-VE) and the quaternized poly (β-amino ester) (QPBAE-C18), were prepared and then characterized. The result indicated that TP/PNPs with the uniform particle size of ∼ 175 nm exhibited the high drug loading capacity and storage stability based on the polymeric charge interaction, in which DLC and DEE of TP/PNPs were obtained as 11.27 ± 0.44 % and 95.23 ± 2.34 %, respectively. Mediated by the "ELVIS" effect of NPs, CD44 receptor-mediated macrophage targeting, and pH-sensitive endo/lysosomal escape under the "proton sponge" effect, TP/PNPs exhibited the enhanced cellular internalization and cytotoxicity while mitigating the inflammation of LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Even after 96-hour after administration, PNPs were preferentially accumulated in the inflammatory joints in a long term. It is noteworthy that after treatment for 14 days with 100 μg/kg of TP, TP/PNPs significantly facilitated arthritic symptom remission, protected cartilage, and mitigated inflammation of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) rats, whereas the systematic side-effects of TP were reduced. In this study, an effective drug delivery strategy was proposed for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Meng Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Feng Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Sheng Peng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Xue Mei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Le Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jin Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Injectable amphiphilic hydrogel systems from the self-assembly of partially alkylated poly(2-dimethyl aminoethyl) methacrylate with inherent antimicrobial property and sustained release behaviour. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bioavailability Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092055. [PMID: 36140156 PMCID: PMC9495787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low water solubility of pharmacoactive molecules limits their pharmacological potential, but the solubility parameter cannot compromise, and so different approaches are employed to enhance their bioavailability. Pharmaceutically active molecules with low solubility convey a higher risk of failure for drug innovation and development. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and several other parameters, such as drug distribution, protein binding and absorption, are majorly affected by their solubility. Among all pharmaceutical dosage forms, oral dosage forms cover more than 50%, and the drug molecule should be water-soluble. For good therapeutic activity by the drug molecule on the target site, solubility and bioavailability are crucial factors. The pharmaceutical industry’s screening programs identified that around 40% of new chemical entities (NCEs) face various difficulties at the formulation and development stages. These pharmaceuticals demonstrate less solubility and bioavailability. Enhancement of the bioavailability and solubility of drugs is a significant challenge in the area of pharmaceutical formulations. According to the Classification of Biopharmaceutics, Class II and IV drugs (APIs) exhibit poor solubility, lower bioavailability, and less dissolution. Various technologies are discussed in this article to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, for example, the complexation of active molecules, the utilization of emulsion formation, micelles, microemulsions, cosolvents, polymeric micelle preparation, particle size reduction technologies, pharmaceutical salts, prodrugs, the solid-state alternation technique, soft gel technology, drug nanocrystals, solid dispersion methods, crystal engineering techniques and nanomorph technology. This review mainly describes several other advanced methodologies for solubility and bioavailability enhancement, such as crystal engineering, micronization, solid dispersions, nano sizing, the use of cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, colloidal drug delivery systems and drug conjugates, referring to a number of appropriate research reports.
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Nutan B, Kumar A, Jewrajka SK. Library of Derivatizable Multiblock Copolymers by Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization and Targeting Specific Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5029-5043. [PMID: 33211470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiblock copolymers (MBCs) are fascinating in the field of biology-polymer chemistry interfaces. Synthesizing libraries of MBCs with tailor-made functionality is challenging as it involves multiple steps. Herein, a simple synthesis, analogous to polyurethane/Michael addition reactions, has been introduced to obtain a library of derivatizable MBCs. Nucleophilic substitution polymerization (SNP) of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) blocks containing activated halide termini by primary mono/di/coamines or clickable amines provides functional MBCs. The structure of amines directs the properties of the MBCs. The self-assembly of small molecular weight primary diamine-based MBCs shows controlled release of hydrophobic model guest molecules and therapeutics. The primary diamine (no dangling chain) helps to form MBC micelles having a relatively tight core with a low diffusion property. Antimicrobial property in the MBCs has been introduced by separating the cationic centers from the lipophilic groups using a coamine as a nucleophilic agent and a small molecular weight dihalide as a chain extender. Clickable MBCs were synthesized by changing the structure of the nucleophile to obtain degradable amphiphilic conetworks and hydrogels. Varieties of macromolecular entities could be obtained by switching the nucleophilic agent and introducing a small molecular weight chain extender. This synthesis approach provides an opportunity to tune the chemical functionality, topological structure, and biological properties of macromolecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhingaradiya Nutan
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suresh K Jewrajka
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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