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Du JW, Zhou TT, Zhang R, Hu SF. Influence of TPU/EVA Phase Morphology Evolution on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extrusion Foaming. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3134. [PMID: 37514523 PMCID: PMC10385997 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was added at different contents to the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix to form a non-compatible blending system, and foaming materials with high pore density were prepared using the supercritical carbon dioxide extrusion method. The influence of the phase morphology and crystal morphology of the TPU/EVA blend on its foaming behavior was studied. The results show that EVA changed the phase morphology and crystal morphology of the blends, leading to the improved melt viscosity and crystallinity of the blend system. At the same time, interfacial nucleation increases the density of cells and decreases the cell thickness and size, which is beneficial for improving the foaming properties of the blends. For the EVA content of 10% (mass fraction), the cell size is small (105.29 μm) and the cell density is the highest (3.74 × 106 cells/cm3). Based on the TPU/EVA phase morphology and crystal morphology, it is found that the sea-island structure of the blend has better foaming properties than the bicontinuous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Du
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Sheng-Fei Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Barczewski M, Mysiukiewicz O, Dutkiewicz M, Szołyga M, Dobrzyńska-Mizera M, Piasecki A. Effect of Shear Stress during Processing on Structure, Morphology, and Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene Nucleated with Silsesquioxane-Based β-Nucleating Agent. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103627. [PMID: 37241254 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the influence of shear stress during real-life industrial processes such as compression molding and injection molding to different cavities on the crystallization of the isotactic polypropylene nucleated with a novel silsesquioxane-based β-nucleating agent. Octakis(N2,N6-dicyclohexyl-4-(3-(dimethylsiloxy)propyl)naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxamido)octasilsesquioxane (SF-B01) is a highly effective nucleating agent (NA) based on the hybrid organic-inorganic silsesquioxane cage. The samples containing various amounts of the silsesquioxane-based and commercial iPP β-nucleants (0.01-0.5 wt%) were prepared by compression molding and injection molding, including forming in the cavities with different thicknesses. The study of the thermal properties, morphology, and mechanical properties of iPP samples allows for obtaining comprehensive information about the efficiency of silsesquioxane-based NA in shearing conditions during the forming. As a reference sample, iPP nucleated by commercial β-NA (namely N2,N6-dicyclohexylnaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxamide, NU-100) was used. The static tensile test assessed the mechanical properties of pure and nucleated iPP samples formed in different shearing conditions. Variations of the β-nucleation efficiency of the silsesquioxane-based and commercial nucleating agents caused by shear forces accompanying the crystallization process during forming were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The investigations of changes in the mechanism of interactions between silsesquioxane and commercial nucleating agents were supplemented by rheological analysis of crystallization. It was found that despite the differences in the chemical structure and solubility of the two nucleating agents, they influence the formation of the hexagonal iPP phase in a similar way, taking into consideration the shearing and cooling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Processing Division, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Olga Mysiukiewicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Processing Division, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Dutkiewicz
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubiez 46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szołyga
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubiez 46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dobrzyńska-Mizera
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Technology, Polymer Processing Division, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, al. Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
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Zheng J, Cai Y, Hu Y, Zhu J, Wei J, Ma Y, Wan J, Fan H. Bio-based epoxy functionalized MQ silicone resins: from synthesis to toughened epoxy composites with good mechanical properties, thermal resistance and transparency. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series bio-based eugenol silicone resins are synthesized, and EG-1.2MQ shows its good promise as a new green multifunctional additive to well balance the toughness, mechanical properties, transparency, and other properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuquan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jialong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jintao Wan
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Historical and Cultural Heritage Protection, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Kowalewska A, Herc AS, Bojda J, Nowacka M, Svyntkivska M, Piorkowska E, Kaczorowski W, Szymański W. Phase Structure and Properties of Ternary Polylactide/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Polysilsesquioxane Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1033. [PMID: 33810345 PMCID: PMC8036706 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary blends of polylactide (PLA, 90 wt.%) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, 10 wt.%) with functionalized polysilsesquioxanes (LPSQ-R) were obtained by solution blending. R groups in LPSQ containing hydroxyethyl (LPSQ-OH), methylglycolic (LPSQ-COOMe) and pentafluorophenyl (LPSQ-F5) moieties of different chemical properties were designed to modify PLA blends with PMMA. The effect of the type of LPSQ-R and their content, 1-3 wt.%, on the structure of the blends was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and Raman spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests also showed various effects of LPSQ-R on the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends. Depth-sensing indentation was used to resolve spatially the micro- and nano-scale mechanical properties (hardness and elastic behaviour) of the blends. The results showed clearly that LPSQ-R modulate the structure and properties of the blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata S Herc
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Bojda
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Nowacka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariia Svyntkivska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Kaczorowski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Szymański
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Svyntkivska M, Makowski T, Piorkowska E, Brzezinski M, Herc A, Kowalewska A. Modification of Polylactide Nonwovens with Carbon Nanotubes and Ladder Poly(silsesquioxane). Molecules 2021; 26:1353. [PMID: 33802604 PMCID: PMC7961909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nonwovens of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and linear ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) with methoxycarbonyl side groups (LPSQ-COOMe) were obtained. MWCNT and LPSQ-COOMe were added to the polymer solution before the electrospinning. In addition, nonwovens of PLLA grafted to modified MWCNT were electrospun. All modified nonwovens exhibited higher tensile strength than the neat PLA nonwoven. The addition of 10 wt.% of LPSQ-COOMe and 0.1 wt.% of MWCNT to PLLA increased the tensile strength of the nonwovens 2.4 times, improving also the elongation at the maximum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.S.); (E.P.); (M.B.); (A.H.); (A.K.)
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Kowalewska A, Nowacka M. Supramolecular Interactions in Hybrid Polylactide Blends-The Structures, Mechanisms and Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E3351. [PMID: 32718056 PMCID: PMC7435468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformation of polylactide (PLA) chains can be adjusted by supramolecular interactions (the formation of hydrogen bonds or host-guest complexes) with appropriate organic molecules. The structures formed due to those intermolecular interactions may act as crystal nuclei in the PLA matrix ("soft templating"). In this review, the properties of several supramolecular nucleating systems based on synthetic organic nucleators (arylamides, hydrazides, and 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol) are compared to those achieved with biobased nucleating agents (orotic acid, humic acids, fulvic acids, nanocellulose, and cyclodextrins) that can also improve the mechanical properties of PLA. The PLA nanocomposites containing both types of nucleating agents/additives are discussed and evaluated in the context of their biomedical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
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