1
|
Gürses A, Güneş K. Preparation of Polyethylene Clay Composites via Melt Intercalation Using Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Organoclays and Comparison of Their Textural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:272. [PMID: 38276681 PMCID: PMC10819245 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer clay nanocomposites, which can exhibit many superior properties compared to virgin polymers, have gained increasing interest and importance in recent years. This study aimed to prepare composites of two organoclays with unusual ratios and different degrees of lyophilicity with low-density polyethylene and compare their textural structures and thermal and mechanical properties with those of virgin polymer. For this purpose, firstly, organoclays, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic organoclays (OC and SOC), were prepared by solution intercalation method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with and without addition of a hydrocarbon substance. Then, using both organoclays, polyethylene organoclay composites were prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Additionally, tensile and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the composites, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms were taken to examine their thermal behavior. XRD patterns and HRTEM images of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic organoclays and the composites show that the characteristic smectite peak of the clay shifts to the left and expands, that is, the interlayer space widens and, in the composites, it deforms immediately at low clay ratios. HRTEM images of the composites prepared especially with low clay ratios indicate that a heterogeneous dispersion of clay platelets occurs, indicating that nanocomposite formation has been achieved. On the contrary, in the composites prepared with high clay ratios, this dispersion behavior partially turns into aggregation. In the composites prepared using up to 20% by weight of superhydrophobic organoclay, extremely stable and continuous improvements in all mechanical properties were observed compared to those of the composites prepared using hydrophobic organoclay. This indicates that by using superhydrophobic organoclay, a ductile nanocomposite of polyethylene containing inorganic components in much higher than usual proportions can be prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gürses
- Department of Chemistry Education, K, K Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khine YY, Wen X, Jin X, Foller T, Joshi R. Functional groups in graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26337-26355. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide consists of diverse surface chemistry which allows tethering GO with additional functionalities and tuning its intrinsic properties. This review summarizes recently advanced methods to covalently modify GO for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yee Khine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xinyue Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoheng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tobias Foller
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rakesh Joshi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galeziewska M, Hološ A, Ilcikova M, Mrlik M, Osicka J, Srnec P, Mičušík M, Moučka R, Cvek M, Mosnáček J, Pietrasik J. One-Pot Strategy for the Preparation of Electrically Conductive Composites Using Simultaneous Reduction and Grafting of Graphene Oxide via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Galeziewska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90 537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ana Hološ
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Marketa Ilcikova
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
- Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Tomas Bata University, Vavreckova 275, Zlin 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Osicka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Srnec
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Robert Moučka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Cvek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 11, Slovakia
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90 537 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|