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Xiao J, Liu T, Chu Q, Yu C, Yin Y, Xuan L, Wu S. Development of an UV-Resistant Multilayer Film with Enhanced Compatibility between Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Polylactic Acid via Incorporation of Tannin and Ferric Chloride. Molecules 2024; 29:2822. [PMID: 38930885 PMCID: PMC11206243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polylactic acid (PLA) are recognized for their environmental friendliness. By merging them into a composite film, packaging solutions can be designed with good performance. Nonetheless, the inherent interface disparity between CMC and PLA poses a challenge, and there may be layer separation issues. This study introduces a straightforward approach to mitigate this challenge by incorporating tannin acid and ferric chloride in the fabrication of the CMC-PLA. The interlayer compatibility was improved by the in situ formation of a cohesive interface. The resulting CMC/TA-PLA/Fe multilayer film, devoid of any layer separation, exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, with a tensile strength exceeding 70 MPa, a high contact angle of 105°, and superior thermal stability. Furthermore, the CMC/TA-PLA/Fe film demonstrates remarkable efficacy in blocking ultraviolet light, effectively minimizing the discoloration of various wood surfaces exposed to UV aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (Q.C.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (Q.C.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiulu Chu
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (Q.C.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (L.X.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (L.X.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (C.Y.); (Y.Y.); (L.X.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (Q.C.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Tian Y, Lei Q, Yang F, Xie J, Chen C. Development of cinnamon essential oil-loaded PBAT/thermoplastic starch active packaging films with different release behavior and antimicrobial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130048. [PMID: 38336322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch (PBAT/TPS) active packaging films containing cinnamon essential oil (CEO) were fabricated by melting blending and extrusion casting method. The effects of TPS content (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 %) on the properties of the films and their application in largemouth bass preservation were studied. As TPS content increased from 0 % to 50 %, the water vapor permeability increased from 7.923 × 10-13 (g•cm/(cm2•s•Pa)) to 23.967 × 10-13 (g•cm/(cm2•s•Pa)), the oxygen permeability decreased from 8.642 × 10-11 (cm3•m/(m2•s•Pa)) to 3.644 × 10-11 (cm3•m/(m2•s•Pa)), the retention of CEO in the films increased. The release rate of CEO from the films into food simulant (10 % ethanol) accelerated with increasing TPS. The films exhibited different antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. putrefaciens. It was closely related with the release behavior of the CEO. The films containing CEO could efficiently inhibit the decomposition of protein and the growth of microorganisms in largemouth bass. It showed that the higher TPS in the films, the better inhibitory effect. This study provided a new idea for developing PBAT/TPS active films with different release behavior of active agents and different antibacterial activity for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiao Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fuxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai MOE Information Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chenwei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Chong ZK, Hofmann A, Haye M, Wilson S, Sohoo I, Alassali A, Kuchta K. Lab-scale and full-scale industrial composting of biodegradable plastic blends for packaging. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 2:101. [PMID: 38420136 PMCID: PMC10899788 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14893.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The acceptance of compostable plastic packaging in industrial composting plants is not universal despite available certification due to the persistence of plastic residues after composting. To better understand this discrepancy, this study compared the disintegration rates of two blends designed for rigid packaging (polylactic acid based) and soft packaging (polybutylene succinate based) in lab-scale composting tests and in an industrial composting plant. Methods A lab-scale composting test was conducted in triplicates according to ISO 20200 for 4, 8 and 12 weeks to check the disintegration potential of the blends. Duplicate test material were then exposed in the compost pile of an industrial composting plant for a duration of 3 weeks and compared with a supplementary lab-scale test of the same duration. Results The rigid packaging samples (1 mm thickness) retained on average 76.4%, 59.0% and 55.7% of its mass after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively in the lab-scale. In the plant, the average remaining mass was 98.3%, much higher compared to the average of 68.9% after 3 weeks in the supplementary lab-scale test. The soft packaging samples (109±9 µm sample thickness) retained on average 45.4%, 10.9% and 0.3% of its mass after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively in the lab-scale. In the plant, a high average remaining mass was also observed (93.9%). The supplementary lab-scale test showed similar remaining mass but higher fragmentation after 3 weeks. Conclusions The results show that the samples achieved significant disintegration in the lab-scale but not in the plant. The difference between the tests that might further contribute to the differing degradation rates is the composition and heterogeneity of the composting substrate. Therefore, the substrate composition and thermophilic composting duration of individual plants are important considerations to determine the suitability of treating compostable plastic in real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Kai Chong
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Marie Haye
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (GEn), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Sharon Wilson
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Ihsanullah Sohoo
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Ayah Alassali
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
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Zhong J, Xin Y. Preparation, compatibility and barrier properties of attapulgite/poly (lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124727. [PMID: 37148936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, AT (attapulgite)/PLA/TPS biocomposites and films were prepared by melt blending technique using PLA and TPS as matrix, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizing modifier of PLA and AT clay as additive. The effect of AT content on the performance of AT/PLA/TPS composites was investigated. The results showed that, as the AT concentration increased, the fracture surface of the composite showed a bicontinuous phase structure when the AT content was 3 wt%. The rheological properties showed that the addition of AT resulted in more significant deformation of the minor phase, which reduced the phase size and led to lower complex viscosity, and more processability from the industrial perspective. The mechanical properties showed that the addition of AT nanoparticles could simultaneously improve the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites, reaching a maximum at 3 wt% load. The water vapor barrier performance results showed that AT significantly improved the WVP of the film, and the moisture resistance performance was increased by 254 % compared with the PLA/TPS composite film within 5 h. In conclusion, the obtained AT/PLA/TPS biocomposites showed potential in packaging engineering and injection molding products, especially when renewability and full biodegradability of the material are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahang Zhong
- College of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330036, China
| | - Yong Xin
- College of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330036, China.
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Patiño Vidal C, Luzi F, Puglia D, López-Carballo G, Rojas A, Galotto MJ, López de Dicastillo C. Development of a sustainable and antibacterial food packaging material based in a biopolymeric multilayer system composed by polylactic acid, chitosan, cellulose nanocrystals and ethyl lauroyl arginate. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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7
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Shao H, Niu D, Liu B, Xu P, Yang W, Lemstra PJ, Bastiaansen CW, Wang Z, Wang C, Ma P. Mono-layer films with superior barrier properties and full recyclability: The system of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(glycolic acid). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Wang H, Zhang C, Jiang L, Tong S, Li YC, Pu H, Zhao Q. Straightforward preparation of Ca-bentonite/polymer nanocomposite by confining salt-resistant copolymers into montmorillonite interlayers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Eslami H, Grady M, Mekonnen TH. Biobased and compostable trilayer thermoplastic films based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and thermoplastic starch (TPS). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:385-394. [PMID: 35987355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Food preservation is crucial in safeguarding the global food supply and security. Current regulations do not encourage the use of chemical food preservatives. Therefore, creating a physical barrier in the form of packaging remains a necessary measure to prevent food contact with biological and physical contaminants. This work presents a novel biodegradable thin trilayer assembly of two sandwiching layers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and a core layer composed of thermoplastic starch (TPS), maleated TPS, or their blends with PHBV (80/20). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical microscopy images showed the samples' consistent film formation. The tensile test revealed that the sample with a core layer of a blend of maleated TPS and PHBV was the strongest, with a modulus of 178 MPa. The water vapor transmission rates were as low as 20.2 g/(m2·d). The oxygen permeation rate was below the detection limit of the test. Most importantly, the samples pass the biodegradation (28 °C) disintegration test in less than six weeks. The study confirmed that a trilayer structure with two outer layers of PHBV, and a middle layer of TPS-PHBV blend provides excellent barrier properties in conjuncture with its biodegradability making it an appealing, sustainable food packaging material option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Eslami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Grady
- Club Coffee L.P., 101 Claireville Drive, Toronto, ON M9W 6K9, Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Hosseini SF, Kaveh F, Schmid M. Facile fabrication of transparent high-barrier poly(lactic acid)-based bilayer films with antioxidant/antimicrobial performances. Food Chem 2022; 384:132540. [PMID: 35231714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been intended as an encouraging biopolymer for packaging purposes. Nevertheless, PLA-based films suffer from low gas barrier properties, which restrict their applications. Here, we report a facile fabrication of multi-component coating via layer deposition of cinnamaldehyde (CIN)-doped chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/fish gelatin (CPF) on PLA surfaces. Different PLA/CPF ratios (100:0, 77.5:22.5, 55:45, 32.5:67.5, and 0:100) were tested, whereas the PLA55:CPF45 was selected for loading of CIN. The surface and morphology analyses of the bilayers verify that CPF layers are successfully coated on the PLA surfaces. This design improved the mechanical strength and water barrier of CPF films and simultaneously enhanced the ductility of PLA films. By deposition of CIN-doped CPF layer on a PLA substrate, the oxygen permeability decreased from 28.92 to 0.238 cm3 mm/m2 day bar, approximately 122 times lower than that of bare PLA. CIN loadings in the CPF layer endowed bilayer films with antioxidant/antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fakhreddin Hosseini
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Forouzan Kaveh
- Department of Food Science & Industries, Khazar Institute of Higher Education, P. O. 46315-389, Mazandaran, Mahmoodabad, Iran
| | - Markus Schmid
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str., 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
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11
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Thermoplastic starch based blends as a highly renewable filament for fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:175-184. [PMID: 35926678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology is considered as a highly flexible method which can achieve a various customized end products. The employment of bio-based materials can significantly decrease the environmental footprint of the end 3D printing products. This study presents the preparation of thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composite that dedicated for the FDM 3D printing technology, the ratio of TPS:PLA:PBAT was fixed at 50:40:10 wt%. In addition, the chain extender ADR4468 (CE) was added to improve the brittleness of the blends to obtain better 3D printing filament. The mechanical properties of blends were improved by the addition of CE with 113 % increase in elongation at break and the 190 % raise in impact strength. Dynamic rheological analysis showed the maximum degree of complex viscosity and melt strength when the content of CE reached 1 wt%. The successful printability of TPS-based filament was demonstrated by accurate and complex printing samples. This paper provided a method to prepare highly renewable filaments for 3D printing.
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12
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Higginson JL, Rezaei Kolahchi A, Behzadfar E. Evaluation of Layer Adhesion and Uniformity in Poly(lactic acid) and Thermoplastic Starch Multilayered Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Higginson
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada
- Sustainable Packaging Lab, School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | | | - Ehsan Behzadfar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada
- Sustainable Packaging Lab, School of Graphic Communications Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
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13
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Wang Y, Fan J, Zhao H, Song X, Ji Z, Xie C, Chen F, Meng Y. Biomimetic Robust Starch Composite Films with Super-Hydrophobicity and Vivid Structural Colors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105607. [PMID: 35628421 PMCID: PMC9145899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The starch composite films (SCFs) will be one of the best alternative packaging materials to petroleum based plastic films, which mitigates white pollution and energy consumption. However, weak mechanical stability, water resistance, and dyeability has hindered the application of SCFs. Herein, a bioinspired robust SCFs with super-hydrophobicity and excellent structural colors were prepared by fiber-reinforcement and assembling SiO2/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) amorphous arrays on the surface of SCFs. The properties of the designed SCFs were investigated by various methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), a tensile test, contact angle (CA) test, and an optical test. The results showed that the obtained SCFs possessed a higher tensile strength (55.17 MPa) attributed to the formed abundant hydrogen bonds between the molecular chains of the starch, cellulose fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol. Benefiting from the nanostructure with rough surface which were modified by materials with low surface free energy, the contact angle and sliding angle of the film reached up to 154° and 2°, respectively. The colors which were produced by the constructive interference of the coherent scattered light could cover all of the visible regions by tuning the diameters of the SiO2 nanoparticles. The strategy in the present study not only reinforces the mechanical strength and water resistance of SCFs but also provides an environmentally friendly way to color the them, which shows unprecedented application potential in packaging materials of the starch composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yateng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Eco-Chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (H.Z.); (C.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jianru Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Eco-Chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (H.Z.); (C.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Hao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Eco-Chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (H.Z.); (C.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Xiaoming Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhe Ji
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Congxia Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Eco-Chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (H.Z.); (C.X.); (F.C.)
| | - Fushan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Eco-Chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (H.Z.); (C.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yao Meng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Eco-Chemical Engineering Cooperative Innovation Center of Shandong, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (H.Z.); (C.X.); (F.C.)
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (X.S.); (Z.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence:
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Shorey R, Mekonnen TH. Sustainable paper coating with enhanced barrier properties based on esterified lignin and PBAT blend. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:472-484. [PMID: 35413316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials are appealing alternatives to the petrochemical-derived and non-biodegradable plastics that currently dominate the market. However, their inferior barrier properties and high cost inhibit their widespread applications. In this work, pristine and esterified lignin were investigated as a functional filler of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) based bioplastic paper coating formulations. For this, the pristine and esterified lignin (10-50 wt%) were separately dispersed in a solvent and incorporated in PBAT solutions and applied on paper substrates. The effects of varying concentrations of pristine and esterified lignin on the rheology, mechanical, morphology, and barrier properties of the coated paper substrate were investigated. Comprehensive characterization of esterified lignin/PBAT coatings exhibited enhanced dispersion of the lignin fraction in the PBAT, resulting in excellent wet tensile properties and enhanced water, oil, and oxygen barrier performance. Overall, the studied coating formulations have appealing properties for food contact materials, such as paper wraps and paperboard applications, as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to the incumbent coating materials, such as petroleum sourced waxes and polyolefin-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Shorey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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Mahmud J, Sarmast E, Shankar S, Lacroix M. Advantages of nanotechnology developments in active food packaging. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Morphology development and mechanical properties of PLA/differently plasticized starch (TPS) binary blends in comparison with PLA/dynamically crosslinked “TPS+EVA” ternary blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Hosseini SF, Ghaderi J, Gómez-Guillén MC. Tailoring physico-mechanical and antimicrobial/antioxidant properties of biopolymeric films by cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their application in packaging of fresh rainbow trout fillets. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Hernández-García E, Vargas M, Torres-Giner S. Quality and Shelf-Life Stability of Pork Meat Fillets Packaged in Multilayer Polylactide Films. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030426. [PMID: 35159576 PMCID: PMC8833934 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effectiveness of a multilayer film of polylactide (PLA), fully bio-based and compostable, was ascertained to develop a novel sustainable packaging solution for the preservation of fresh pork meat. To this end, the multilayer PLA films were first characterized in terms of their thermal characteristics, structure, mechanical performance, permeance to water and aroma vapors and oxygen, and optical properties and, for the first time, compared with two commercial high-barrier multilayer packaging films. Thereafter, the multilayers were thermosealed to package fillets of fresh pork meat and the physicochemical changes, lipid oxidation levels, and microbiological counts were monitored in the food samples during storage under refrigeration conditions. Results showed that the meat fillets packaged in PLA developed a redder color and showed certain indications of dehydration and oxidation, being more noticeably after 11 days of storage, due to the higher water vapor and oxygen permeance values of the biopolymer multilayer. However, the pH changes and bacterial growth in the cold-stored fresh pork meat samples were minimal and very similar in the three tested multilayer films, successfully accomplishing the requirements of the food quality and safety standards at the end of storage.
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Li H, Yang J, Feng X, Qin Z. Cellulose Nanofiber-Assisted Dispersion of Halloysite Nanotubes via Silane Coupling Agent-Reinforced Starch–PVA Biodegradable Composite Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020169. [PMID: 35207090 PMCID: PMC8879183 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HNTs (halloysite nanotubes) are widely used in reinforcing material, often used in material reinforcement and particle loading. However, their easy agglomeration causes them to have great limitations in application. In this work, two kinds of silane coupling agents (KH560 and KH570) were introduced to graft the CNF/HNT (cellulose nanofiber) nanoparticles used to reinforce the starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite membranes. The mechanical properties, water resistance properties and thermal performance of the composite membrane were tested. The results showed that the CNF/HNTs nanoparticle system modified by two silane coupling agents enhanced the tensile strength (TS) of the starch–PVA composite membranes by increments of 60.11% and 68.35%, and, in addition, the water resistance of starch–PVA composite membrane improved. The introduction of chemical bonds formed associations and a compact network structure, which increased the thermal stability and the crystallinity of the starch–PVA composite membrane. In the study, we creatively used CNF to disperse HNTs. CNF and HNTs were combined under the action of the silane coupling agent, and then mixed into the starch–PVA membranes matrix to prepare high-performance degradable biological composite membranes.
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Antimicrobial PLA-PVA multilayer films containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem 2021; 375:131861. [PMID: 34942501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multilayer materials with good interlayer-adhesion were obtained by thermocompression for laminating an internal poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer with two external poly (lactic acid) (PLA) layers. Carvacrol or ferulic acid were incorporated into the PVA sheet to obtain active materials. The multilayer films were characterised as to their microstructure, thermal behaviour, tensile and barrier properties. Furthermore, the antimicrobial capacity of the materials was analysed in packaged beef meat samples for 17 days at 5 °C. The laminates exhibited tensile properties close to those of the PLA films, but with enhanced stretchability. Compared to the monolayers, the barrier capacity of multilayers was much improved by combining polyester and PVA layers, which provide the laminate with water vapour and oxygen barrier capacity, respectively. Active multilayers were effective at controlling microbial growth in beef meat during cold storage. Therefore, the materials developed were functionally adequate for food packaging purposes and successfully promoted the meat preservation.
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21
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22
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Rivadeneira-Velasco KE, Utreras-Silva CA, Díaz-Barrios A, Sommer-Márquez AE, Tafur JP, Michell RM. Green Nanocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Starch: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193227. [PMID: 34641042 PMCID: PMC8512963 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-based materials has been a consequence of the environmental awareness generated over time. The versatility of native starch is a promising starting point for manufacturing environmentally friendly materials. This work aims to compile information on the advancements in research on thermoplastic starch (TPS) nanocomposites after the addition of mainly these four nanofillers: natural montmorillonite (MMT), organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF). The analyzed properties of nanocomposites were mechanical, barrier, optical, and degradability. The most important results were that as the nanofiller increases, the TPS modulus and strength increase; however, the elongation decreases. Furthermore, the barrier properties indicate that that the incorporation of nanofillers confers superior hydrophobicity. However, the optical properties (transparency and luminosity) are mostly reduced, and the color variation is more evident with the addition of these fillers. The biodegradability rate increases with these nanocompounds, as demonstrated by the study of the method of burial in the soil. The results of this compilation show that the compatibility, proper dispersion, and distribution of nanofiller through the TPS matrix are critical factors in overcoming the limitations of starch when extending the applications of these biomaterials. TPS nanocomposites are materials with great potential for improvement. Exploring new sources of starch and natural nano-reinforcement could lead to a genuinely eco-friendly material that can replace traditional polymers in applications such as packaging.
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