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Pirela V, Campoy-Quiles M, Müller AJ, Martín J. Unraveling the Influence of the Preexisting Molecular Order on the Crystallization of Semiconducting Semicrystalline Poly(9,9-di- n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl (PFO). CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:10744-10751. [PMID: 36530941 PMCID: PMC9754006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c02917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex crystallization process of semiconducting polymers is key for the advance of organic electronic technologies as the optoelectronic properties of these materials are intimately connected to their solid-state microstructure. These polymers often have semirigid backbones and flexible side chains, which results in a strong tendency to organize/order in the liquid state. Therefore, crystallization of these materials frequently occurs from liquid states that exhibit-at least partial-molecular order. However, the impact of the preexisting molecular order on the crystallization process of semiconducting polymers- indeed, of any polymer-remained hitherto unknown. This study uses fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) to probe the crystallization kinetics of poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl (PFO) from both an isotropic disordered melt state (ISO state) and a liquid-crystalline ordered state (NEM state). Our results demonstrate that the preexisting molecular order has a profound impact on the crystallization of PFO. More specifically, it favors the formation of effective crystal nucleation centers, speeding up the crystallization kinetics at the early stages of phase transformation. However, samples crystallized from the NEM state require longer times to reach full crystallization (during the secondary crystallization stage) compared to those crystallized from the ISO state, likely suggesting that the preexisting molecular order slows down the advance in the latest stages of the crystallization, that is, those governed by molecular diffusion. The fitting of the data with the Avrami model reveals different crystallization mechanisms, which ultimately result in a distinct semicrystalline morphology and photoluminescence properties. Therefore, this work highlights the importance of understanding the interrelationships between processing, structure, and properties of polymer semiconductors and opens the door for performing fundamental investigations via newly developed FSC methodologies of such materials that otherwise are not possible with conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirela
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San
Sebastián20018, Spain
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institute
of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra08193, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San
Sebastián20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao48009, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San
Sebastián20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao48009, Spain
- Universidade
da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Esteiro, Ferrol15403, Spain
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Righetti MC, Vannini M, Celli A, Cangialosi D, Marega C. Bio-based semi-crystalline PEF: Temperature dependence of the constrained amorphous interphase and amorphous chain mobility in relation to crystallization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Androsch R, Toda A, Furushima Y, Schick C. Insertion‐Crystallization‐Induced Low‐Temperature Annealing Peaks in Melt‐Crystallized Poly(
l
‐Lactic Acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Saale Halle 06099 Germany
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima 739‐8521 Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Furushima
- Materials Characterization Laboratories Toray Research Center Inc. 3–7, Sonoyama 3‐chome Otsu Shiga 520‐8567 Japan
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR University of Rostock Rostock 18051 Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street Kazan 420008 Russia
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