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Yang J, Liu X, Zhao J, Pu X, Shen Z, Xu W, Liu Y. The Structural Evolution of β-to- α Phase Transition in the Annealing Process of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081921. [PMID: 37112068 PMCID: PMC10143349 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the structural and property changes induced in the highly ordered structure of preoriented poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV films containing the β-form during annealing were investigated. The transformation of the β-form was investigated by means of in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) using synchrotron X-rays. The comparison of PHBV films with the β-form before and after annealing was performed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The evolution mechanism of β-crystal transformation was elucidated. It was revealed that most of the highly oriented β-form directly transforms into the highly oriented α-form, and there might be two kinds of transformations: (1) The β-crystalline bundles may be transformed one by one rather than one part by one part during annealing before a certain annealing time. (2) The β-crystalline bundles crack or the molecular chains of the β-form are separated from the lateral side after annealing after a certain annealing time. A model to describe the microstructural evolution of the ordered structure during annealing was established based on the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xianggui Liu
- Guangdong Huatong New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523591, China
| | - Jinxing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xuelian Pu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zetong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Motloung MP, Mofokeng TG, Mokhena TC, Ray SS. Recent advances on melt-spun fibers from biodegradable polymers and their composites. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have become important in different fields of application, where biodegradability and biocompatibility are required. Herein, the melt spinning of biodegradable polymers including poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and their biocomposites is critically reviewed. Biodegradable polymer fibers with added functionalities are in high demand for various applications, including biomedical, textiles, and others. Melt spinning is a suitable technique for the development of biodegradable polymer fibers in a large-scale quantity, and fibers with a high surface area can be obtained with this technique. The processing variables during spinning have a considerable impact on the resulting properties of the fibers. Therefore, in this review, the processing-property relationship in biodegradable polymers, blends, and their composites is provided. The morphological characteristics, load-bearing properties, and the potential application of melt-spun biodegradable fibers in various sectors are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Phillip Motloung
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre , Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria 0001 , South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein 2028 , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Tladi Gideon Mofokeng
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre , Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria 0001 , South Africa
| | - Teboho Clement Mokhena
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Advanced Materials Division , Mintek , Randburg 2125 , South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre , Council for Scientific and Industrial Research , Pretoria 0001 , South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein 2028 , Johannesburg , South Africa
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Effects of Nanoscale Morphology on Optical Properties of Photoluminescent Polymer Optical Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163262. [PMID: 36015517 PMCID: PMC9412683 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicomponent photoluminescent polymer optical fibers (PL-POFs) have been melt-spun and in-situ drawn to different extents. The results suggest that scattering in the sheath can effectively increase the photoluminescent dye excitation probability in the fiber core. The core/sheath PL-POFs are made of a semi-crystalline fluoropolymer sheath of low refractive index (RI) and an amorphous cycloolefin polymeric core of high RI, which is doped with a luminescent dye. The axial light emission, as well as the guiding attenuation coefficients of the core/sheath PL-POFs, have been measured using a side-illumination set-up. The incident blue laser is down-converted to red light, which is re-emitted and partially guided by the core. The axial light emission is measured at the fiber tip as a function of the distance of the illumination position to the integrating sphere. It is demonstrated that the presence of a semi-crystalline sheath significantly enhances the axial light emission and that it also lowers the attenuation coefficient, compared to the emission and guiding properties of PL core-only fibers. Additionally, the attenuation coefficient has been found to be lower in more strongly drawn PL-POFs. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments reveal structural differences in differently drawn PL-POFs that can be linked to the observed differences in the optical properties.
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Recyclability of Opaque PET from High Speed Melt Spinning: Determination of the Structures and Properties of Filaments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112235. [PMID: 35683911 PMCID: PMC9182581 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling opaque Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which contains 1 to 10 wt % TiO2 submicron particles, has become of interest in the past few years. However, the bottle-to-fiber recyclability of opaque PET has not been assessed yet. In this work, opaque PET packaging has been characterized, and high-speed melt-spun filaments with different amounts of opaque PET (30–50–100%) blended with standard transparent recycled PET (rPET) have been produced in a pilot system. The opaque PET filaments produced have also been compared to a transparent rPET blend with masterbatch PET/TiO2 at different amounts of filler (1–3–6 wt %), produced with the same parameters. The structure-properties relationship of rPET melt-spun fibers has been investigated with crystallinity measurements, amorphous and crystalline phases orientation, and tenacity. It has been observed that the degree of crystallinity, the crystalline and amorphous phases orientation and the tenacity decreases with opaque PET addition and, to a lesser extent, with TiO2 addition. It has been suggested that TiO2 particles are not entirely responsible for the decrease in mechanical properties of opaque PET filaments since opaque rPET filaments have inferior properties to r-PET/TiO2 filaments at the same filler content.
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Selli F, Hufenus R, Gooneie A, Erdoğan UH, Perret E. Structure-Property Relationship in Melt-Spun Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hexanoate) Monofilaments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:200. [PMID: 35012222 PMCID: PMC8747132 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hexanoate) (PHBH) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester with the potential to be used in textile and medical applications. We have aimed at developing an upscalable melt-spinning method to produce fine biodegradable PHBH filaments without the use of an ice water bath or offline drawing techniques. We have evaluated the effect of different polymer grades (mol% 3-hydroxy hexanoate, molecular weight etc.) and production parameters on the tensile properties of melt-spun filaments. PHBH monofilaments (diameter < 130 µm) have been successfully melt-spun and online drawn from three different polymer grades. We report thermal and rheological properties of the polymer grades as well as morphological, thermal, mechanical, and structural properties of the melt-spun filaments thereof. Tensile strengths up to 291 MPa have been achieved. Differences in tensile performance have been correlated to structural differences with wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. The measurements obtained have revealed that a synergetic interaction of a highly oriented non-crystalline mesophase with highly oriented α-crystals leads to increased tensile strength. Additionally, the effect of aging on the structure and tensile performance has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Selli
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35397, Turkey; (F.S.); (U.H.E.)
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Rudolf Hufenus
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Ali Gooneie
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Umit Halis Erdoğan
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35397, Turkey; (F.S.); (U.H.E.)
| | - Edith Perret
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (R.H.); (A.G.)
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Perret E, Chen K, Braun O, Muff R, Hufenus R. Radial gradients in PET monofilaments: A Raman mapping and SAXS tomography study. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Perret E, Sharma K, Tritsch S, Hufenus R. WAXD, polarized ATR-FTIR and DSC data of stress-annealed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fibers. Data Brief 2021; 39:107523. [PMID: 34805457 PMCID: PMC8581511 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes synchrotron wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns, polarized attenuated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) data and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data of differently stress-annealed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) fibers. Additionally, in-situ polarized ATR-FTIR data has been measured under tensile drawing of pre-annealed P3HB fibers under low annealing stress. Modifications to the ATR-FTIR setup and sample holders for performing measurements on P3HB fibers are explained in the experimental section. For more information see 'Reversible mesophase in stress-annealed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fibers: A synchrotron x-ray and polarized ATR-FTIR study' [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Perret
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K. Sharma
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 16 Sweden
| | - S. Tritsch
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Hochschule Reutlingen, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - R. Hufenus
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Fitting of 2D WAXD data: Mesophases in polymer fibers. Data Brief 2021; 39:107466. [PMID: 34703857 PMCID: PMC8521234 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article presents fitting results of wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of melt-spun polymer fibers from amorphous materials (polycarbonate (PC), cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), copolyamide (coPA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)) and semi-crystalline materials (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate(P3HB)). The data was fit using the fitting algorithms, previously described in the publication by Perret and Hufenus ‘Insights into strain-induced solid mesophases in melt-spun polymer fibers’ [1]. Fitting results of WAXD data and details about azimuthal, equatorial, meridional or off-axis profiles are presented in sections 1.1-1.2. SAXS patterns of fibers, melt-spun from amorphous materials, are shown in section 1.3. Fiber production parameters are given in section 2.1, and a description of the WAXD measurements and fitting details, e.g., the chosen fitting parameters, are given in section 2.2.
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Sharma K, Braun O, Tritsch S, Muff R, Hufenus R, Perret E. 2D Raman, ATR-FTIR, WAXD, SAXS and DSC data of PET mono- and PET/PA6 bicomponent filaments. Data Brief 2021; 38:107416. [PMID: 34632014 PMCID: PMC8488250 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This data in brief article summarizes structural data obtained from monocomponent melt-spun and offline drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) monofilaments, as well as from melt-spun bicomponent core-sheath PET-polyamide 6 (PA6) filaments. The diameters of the single filaments range from 27 µm to 79 µm. Presented analysis techniques and results thereof are (i) Raman mapping of filament cross-sections: 2D maps of peak positions, widths, peak area ratios; (ii) attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR): ATR-FTIR spectra and extraction of surface crystallinity; (iii) wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD): WAXD patterns and extraction of average crystallinity; (iv) small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS): SAXS patterns and determined crystallite sizes and long-spacings; (v) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): thermograms and extracted average crystallinity as well as thermal properties; (vi) atomic force microscopy (AFM): AFM image of the surface of an embedded fiber cross-section. For more information, see the publication by E. Perret et al. 'High-resolution 2D Raman mapping of mono- and bicomponent filament cross-sections' [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 114 16 Sweden
| | - O Braun
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - S Tritsch
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.,Hochschule Reutlingen, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany
| | - R Muff
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - R Hufenus
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - E Perret
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.,Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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Reversible mesophase in stress-annealed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fibers: A synchrotron x-ray and polarized ATR-FTIR study. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Perret E, Braun O, Sharma K, Tritsch S, Muff R, Hufenus R. High-resolution 2D Raman mapping of mono- and bicomponent filament cross-sections. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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