1
|
Isari AA, Ghaffarkhah A, Hashemi SA, Wuttke S, Arjmand M. Structural Design for EMI Shielding: From Underlying Mechanisms to Common Pitfalls. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310683. [PMID: 38467559 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Modern human civilization deeply relies on the rapid advancement of cutting-edge electronic systems that have revolutionized communication, education, aviation, and entertainment. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by digital systems poses a significant threat to the society, potentially leading to a future crisis. While numerous efforts are made to develop nanotechnological shielding systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of EMI, there is limited focus on creating absorption-dominant shielding solutions. Achieving absorption-dominant EMI shields requires careful structural design engineering, starting from the smallest components and considering the most effective electromagnetic wave attenuating factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview of shielding structures, emphasizing the critical elements of absorption-dominant shielding design, shielding mechanisms, limitations of both traditional and nanotechnological EMI shields, and common misconceptions about the foundational principles of EMI shielding science. This systematic review serves as a scientific guide for designing shielding structures that prioritize absorption, highlighting an often-overlooked aspect of shielding science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Isari
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Bld. Martina Casiano, 3rd. Floor UPV/EHU Science Park Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lyu B, Guo Z, Gao D, Zhou Y, Guo S, Zhu J, Ma J. Ultralight Flexible Collagen Fiber Based Aerogels Derived from Leather Solid Waste for High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9215-9223. [PMID: 38635343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Designing and developing high-performance shielding materials against electromagnetic interference is of utmost importance due to the rapid advancement of wireless telecommunication technologies. Such materials hold both fundamental and technological significance. A three-stage process is presented for creating ultralight, flexible aerogels from biomass to shield against electromagnetic interference. Collagen fibers sourced from leather solid waste are used for: (i) freeze-drying preparation of collagen fibers/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogels, (ii) adsorption of silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto collagen fiber/PVA aerogels, and (iii) Hydrophobic modification of collagen fiber/PVA/AgNWs aerogels with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (POTS). Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that an interweaving of AgNWs and collagen fiber/PVA porous network has formed a conductive network, exhibiting an electrical conductivity of 103 S·m-1. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness reached more than 62 dB, while the density was merely 5.8 mg/cm3. The collagen fiber/PVA/AgNWs/POTS aerogel displayed an even better electromagnetic shielding efficiency of 73 dB and water contact angle of 147°. The study results emphasize the distinctive capacity of leather solid waste to generate cost-effective, ecofriendly, and highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lyu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry and Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhuo Guo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry and Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dangge Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry and Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry and Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shihao Guo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry and Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry and Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Xi'an 710021, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdolazizi A, Wijesinghe I, Marriam I, Chathuranga H, Golberg D, Yan C. Development of Light, Strong, and Water-Resistant PVA Composite Aerogels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:745. [PMID: 38727339 PMCID: PMC11085475 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A significant weakness of many organic and inorganic aerogels is their poor mechanical behaviour, representing a great impediment to their application. For example, polymer aerogels generally have higher ductility than silica aerogels, but their elastic modulus is considered too low. Herein, we developed extremely low loading (<1 wt%) 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets modified poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogels via a facile and environmentally friendly method. The aerogel shows a 9-fold increase in compressional modulus compared to a pure polymer aerogel. With a low density of 0.04 mg/mm3 and a thermal conductivity of only 0.035 W/m·K, it outperforms many commercial insulators and foams. As compared to a pure PVA polymer aerogel, a 170% increase in storage modulus is obtained by adding only 0.6 wt% GO nanosheets. The nanocomposite aerogel demonstrates strong fire resistance, with a 50% increase in burning time and little smoke discharge. After surface modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, the aerogel demonstrates water resistance, which is suitable for outdoor applications in which it would be exposed to precipitation. Our research demonstrates a new pathway for considerable improvement in the performance and application of polymer aerogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdolazizi
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.A.); (I.W.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ishara Wijesinghe
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.A.); (I.W.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ifra Marriam
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.A.); (I.W.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hiran Chathuranga
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.A.); (I.W.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai C, Chen Y, Ding C, Wei Z, Wang X. Eliminating trade-offs between optical scattering and mechanical durability in aerogels as outdoor passive cooling metamaterials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1502-1514. [PMID: 38230558 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Passive cooling is a promising approach for reducing the large energy consumption to achieve carbon neutrality. Foams/aerogels can be considered effective daytime cooling materials due to their good solar scattering and thermal insulation capacity. However, the contradiction between the desired high solar reflectivity and mechanical performance still limits their scalable production and real application. Herein, inspired by the "Floor-Pillar" concept in the building industry, a multi-structure assembly-induced ice templating technology was used to construct all-cellulosic aerogels with well-defined biomimetic structures. By using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as pillars and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as floors and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as a crosslinking material, an all-cellulosic aerogel (NCA) exhibiting high mechanical strength (mechanical strength = 0.3 MPa at 80% compression ratio, Young's modulus = 1 MPa), ultralow thermal conductivity (28 mW m-1 K-1), ultrahigh solar reflectance (97.5%), high infrared emissivity (0.93), as well as excellent anti-weather function can be achieved, exceeding the performance of most reported cellulosic aerogels. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the improved mechanical strength and stimulated superior solar reflectance of NCA were studied in detail using finite element simulations and COMSOL Multiphysics. As a result, the NCA can achieve a cooling efficiency of 7.5 °C during the daytime. The building energy stimulus demonstrated that 44% of cooling energy can be saved in China annually if the NCA is applied. This work lays the foundation for the preparation of biomass aerogels for energy-saving applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Chunxiang Ding
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zechang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Fu X, Liu R, Song Y, Yin X. Fabrication, Performance, and Potential Applications of MXene Composite Aerogels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2048. [PMID: 37513059 PMCID: PMC10383360 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Aerogel, known as one of the remarkable materials in the 21st century, possesses exceptional characteristics such as high specific surface area, porosity, and elasticity, making it suitable for a diverse range of applications. In recent years, MXene-based aerogels and MXene composite aerogels as functional materials have solved some limitations of traditional aerogels, such as improving the electrical conductivity of biomass and silicon aerogels, further improving the energy storage capacity of carbon aerogels, enhancing polymer-based aerogels, etc. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to investigating MXene-based aerogels, positioning them at the forefront of material science studies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the preparation, properties, and applications of MXene-based composite aerogels. The primary construction strategies employed (including direct synthesis from MXene dispersions and incorporation of MXene within existing substrates) for fabricating MXene-based aerogels are summarized. Furthermore, the desirable properties (including their applications in electrochemistry, electromagnetic shielding, sensing, and adsorption) of MXene composite aerogels are highlighted. This paper delves into a detailed discussion on the fundamental properties of composite aerogel systems, elucidating the intricate structure-property relationships. Finally, an outlook is provided on the opportunities and challenges for the mass production and functional applications of MXene composite aerogels in the field of material engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xinming Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yiheng Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xianze Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials & Advanced Processing Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Influence of supercritical fluid parameters on the polyimide aerogels in a high-efficiency supercritical drying process. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
7
|
Gholamirad F, Ge J, Sadati M, Wang G, Taheri-Qazvini N. Tuning the Self-Assembled Morphology of Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Hybrids for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49158-49170. [PMID: 36269799 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on transition metal carbide and nitride (MXene) nanosheets have great potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, the performance of final products depends not only on the properties of constituent components but also on the morphology of the assembly. Here, via the controlled diffusion of positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) chains into the negatively charged Ti3C2Tx MXene suspension, MXene/PAH hybrids in the forms of thin films, porous structures, and fibers with distinguished internal morphologies are obtained. Our results confirm that PAH chains could effectively enhance the oxidation stability and integrity of wet and dry MXene structures. The flexibility to tune the structures allows for a thorough discussion of the relations between the morphology, electrical conductivity, and EMI shielding mechanism of the hybrids in a wide range of electrical conductivity (2.5 to 3347 S·cm-1) and thickness (7.7 to 1900 μm) values. The analysis of thin films shows the direct impact of the polymer content on the alignment and compactness of MXene nanosheets regulating the films' electrical conductivity/EMI shielding effectiveness. The colloidal behavior of the initial MXene suspension determines the interconnection of MXene nanosheets in MXene/PAH porous assemblies and the final electrical properties. In addition to the internal morphology, examining the laminated MXene/PAH fibers with geometrically different arrangements demonstrates the role of conductive network configuration on EMI shielding performance. These findings provide insights into tuning the EMI shielding effectiveness via the charge-driven bottom-up assembly of electrically conductive MXene/polyelectrolyte hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farivash Gholamirad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Jinqun Ge
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Monirosadat Sadati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Guoan Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Nader Taheri-Qazvini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Li K, Wang Y, Wu Z, Russell TP, Shi S. MXene-Based Porous Monoliths. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3792. [PMID: 36364567 PMCID: PMC9654234 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, a thriving family of 2D nanomaterials, transition-metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), have garnered tremendous interest due to its intriguing physical/chemical properties, structural features, and versatile functionality. Integrating these 2D nanosheets into 3D monoliths offers an exciting and powerful platform for translating their fundamental advantages into practical applications. Introducing internal pores, such as isotropic pores and aligned channels, within the monoliths can not only address the restacking of MXenes, but also afford a series of novel and, in some cases, unique structural merits to advance the utility of the MXene-based materials. Here, a brief overview of the development of MXene-based porous monoliths, in terms of the types of microstructures, is provided, focusing on the pore design and how the porous microstructure affects the application performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaijuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Synthesis and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Guo Y, Feng Y, Hou M, Wang J. Facile synthesis of ultra-lightweight Ni/NiO/Ni P foams with hollow sandwich micro-tubes for absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
10
|
Polylactide aerogel with excellent comprehensive performances imparted by stereocomplex crystallization for efficient oil-water separation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Tao JR, Yang D, Yang Y, He QM, Fei B, Wang M. Migration mechanism of carbon nanotubes and matching viscosity-dependent morphology in Co-continuous Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) blend: Towards electromagnetic shielding enhancement. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
A porous monolith polysaccharide-based adsorbent aerogel with enhanced mechanical performance and efficient adsorption capacity. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|