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Xu T, Zhang J, Shao L, Wang X, Zhang R, Ji C, Xia Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li D. Later Growth Cessation and Increased Freezing Tolerance Potentially Result in Later Dormancy in Evergreen Iris Compared with Deciduous Iris. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911123. [PMID: 36232426 PMCID: PMC9569662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter dormancy is a protective survival strategy for plants to resist harsh natural environments. In the context of global warming, the progression of dormancy has been significantly affected in perennials, which requires further research. Here, a systematic study was performed to compare the induction of dormancy in two closely related iris species with an ecodormancy-only process, the evergreen Iris japonica Thunb. and the deciduous Iris tectorum Maxim. under artificial conditions. Firstly, morphological and physiological observations were evaluated to ensure the developmental status of the two iris species. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the genes involved in key pathways related to plant winter dormancy were determined, and correlation analyses with dormancy marker genes were conducted. We found that deciduous iris entered dormancy earlier than evergreen iris under artificial dormancy induction conditions. Phytohormones and carbohydrates play roles in coordinating growth and stress responses during dormancy induction in both iris species. Moreover, dormancy-related MADS-box genes and SnRKs (Snf1-related protein kinase) might represent a bridge between carbohydrate and phytohormone interaction during iris dormancy. These findings provide a hypothetical model explaining the later dormancy in evergreen iris compared with deciduous iris under artificial dormancy induction conditions and reveal some candidate genes. The findings of this study could provide new insights into the research of dormancy in perennial plants with an ecodormancy-only process and contribute to effectively managing iris production, postharvest storage, and shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-0092, Japan
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenxi Ji
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.L.)
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WRKY Gene Family Drives Dormancy Release in Onion Bulbs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071100. [PMID: 35406664 PMCID: PMC8997782 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb crop grown worldwide. Dormancy in bulbous plants is an important physiological state mainly regulated by a complex gene network that determines a stop of vegetative growth during unfavorable seasons. Limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy in onion were available until now. Here, a comparison between uninfected and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV)-infected onion bulbs highlighted an altered dormancy in the virus-infected plants, causing several symptoms, such as leaf striping, growth reduction, early bulb sprouting and rooting, as well as a lower abscisic acid (ABA) level at the start of dormancy. Furthermore, by comparing three dormancy stages, almost five thousand four hundred (5390) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in uninfected bulbs, while the number of DEGs was significantly reduced (1322) in OYDV-infected bulbs. Genes involved in cell wall modification, proteolysis, and hormone signaling, such as ABA, gibberellins (GAs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and brassinosteroids (BRs), that have already been reported as key dormancy-related pathways, were the most enriched ones in the healthy plants. Interestingly, several transcription factors (TFs) were up-regulated in the uninfected bulbs, among them three genes belonging to the WRKY family, for the first time characterized in onion, were identified during dormancy release. The involvement of specific WRKY genes in breaking dormancy in onion was confirmed by GO enrichment and network analysis, highlighting a correlation between AcWRKY32 and genes driving plant development, cell wall modification, and division via gibberellin and auxin homeostasis, two key processes in dormancy release. Overall, we present, for the first time, a detailed molecular analysis of the dormancy process, a description of the WRKY-TF family in onion, providing a better understanding of the role played by AcWRKY32 in the bulb dormancy release. The TF co-expressed genes may represent targets for controlling the early sprouting in onion, laying the foundations for novel breeding programs to improve shelf life and reduce postharvest.
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Li D, Shao L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang D, Horvath DP, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xia Y. MADS-box transcription factors determine the duration of temporary winter dormancy in closely related evergreen and deciduous Iris spp. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1429-1449. [PMID: 34752617 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Winter dormancy (WD) is a crucial strategy for plants coping with potentially deadly environments. In recent decades, this process has been extensively studied in economically important perennial eudicots due to changing climate. However, in evergreen monocots with no chilling requirements, dormancy processes are so far a mystery. In this study, we compared the WD process in closely related evergreen (Iris japonica) and deciduous (I. tectorum) iris species across crucial developmental time points. Both iris species exhibit a 'temporary' WD process with distinct durations, and could easily resume growth under warm conditions. To decipher transcriptional changes, full-length sequencing for evergreen iris and short read RNA sequencing for deciduous iris were applied to generate respective reference transcriptomes. Combining results from a multipronged approach, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE and FRUITFULL (FUL) from MADS-box was associated with a dormancy- and a growth-related module, respectively. They were co-expressed with genes involved in phytohormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, and environmental adaptation. Also, gene expression patterns and physiological changes in the above pathways highlighted potential abscisic acid and jasmonic acid antagonism in coordinating growth and stress responses, whereas differences in carbohydrate metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging might lead to species-specific WD durations. Moreover, a detailed analysis of MIKCCMADS-box in irises revealed common features described in eudicots as well as possible new roles for monocots during temporary WD, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C and FUL. In essence, our results not only provide a portrait of temporary WD in perennial monocots but also offer new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying WD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - David P Horvath
- USDA-ARS, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Márquez-López RE, Loyola-Vargas VM, Santiago-García PA. Interaction between fructan metabolism and plant growth regulators. PLANTA 2022; 255:49. [PMID: 35084581 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of fructan to plant growth regulators is clearly more complicated than it looks and is likely related to differences between fructan molecules in size and structure as well as localization. Fructans are a complex group of carbohydrates composed mainly of fructose units linked to a sucrose molecule. Fructans are present in plants as heterogeneous mixtures with diverse molecular structures and mass, different polymerization degrees, and linkage types between fructosyl residues. Like sucrose, they are frequently stored in leaves and other organs, acting as carbohydrate reserves. Fructans are synthesized in the cell vacuole by fructosyltransferase enzymes and catabolized by fructan exohydrolase enzymes. Several publications have shown that fructan metabolism varies with the stage of plant development and in response to the environment. Recent studies have shown a correlation between plant growth regulators (PGR), fructan metabolism, and tolerance to drought and cold. PGR are compounds that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs. They play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to developmental and environmental signals. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date knowledge on the metabolism of fructans and their crosstalk with PGR signaling pathways. We identify areas that require more research to complete our understanding of the role of fructans in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Márquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Araceli Santiago-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Pan W, Liang J, Sui J, Li J, Liu C, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yi M, Gazzarrini S, Wu J. ABA and Bud Dormancy in Perennials: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101635. [PMID: 34681029 PMCID: PMC8536057 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an evolved trait that confers adaptation to harsh environments, and affects flower differentiation, crop yield and vegetative growth in perennials. ABA is a stress hormone and a major regulator of dormancy. Although the physiology of bud dormancy is complex, several advancements have been achieved in this field recently by using genetics, omics and bioinformatics methods. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of ABA and environmental signals, as well as the interplay of other hormones and sucrose, in the regulation of this process. We also discuss emerging potential mechanisms in this physiological process, including epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Juanjuan Sui
- Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China;
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yin Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Mingfang Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.P.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (C.L.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Tosetti R, Waters A, Chope G, Cools K, Alamar M, McWilliam S, Thompson A, Terry L. New insights into the effects of ethylene on ABA catabolism, sweetening and dormancy in stored potato tubers. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 173:111420. [PMID: 33658745 PMCID: PMC7814342 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous ethylene supplementation suppresses postharvest sprouting, but it can increase reducing sugars, limiting its use as an alternative to chlorpropham for processing potatoes. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, tubers were treated after curing with or without the ethylene binding inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP at 1 μL L-1 for 24 h), and then stored in air or air supplemented with continuous ethylene (10 μL L-1). Across three consecutive seasons, changes in tuber physiology were assessed alongside transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Exogenous ethylene alone consistently induced a respiratory rise and the accumulation of undesirable reducing sugars. The transient respiratory peak was preceded by the strong upregulation of two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), typical of wound and stress induced ethylene production. Profiles of parenchymatic tissue highlighted that ethylene triggered abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism, evidenced by a steep fall in ABA levels and a transient rise in the catabolite phaseic acid, accompanied by upregulation of transcripts encoding an ABA 8'-hydroxylase. Moreover, analysis of non-structural carbohydrate-related genes revealed that ethylene strongly downregulated the expression of the Kunitz-type invertase inhibitor, already known to be involved in cold-induced sweetening. All these ethylene-induced effects were negated by 1-MCP with one notable exception: 1-MCP enhanced the sprout suppressing effect of ethylene whilst preventing ethylene-induced sweetening. This study supports the conclusions that: i) tubers adapt to ethylene by regulating conserved pathways (e.g. ABA catabolism); ii) ethylene-induced sweetening acts independently from sprout suppression, and is similar to cold-induced sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Tosetti
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - A. Waters
- PepsiCo Inc., 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - G.A. Chope
- PepsiCo International Limited, Beaumont Park, 4 Leycroft Road, Leicester, LE4 1ET, UK
| | - K. Cools
- Postharvest BioScience Consultant, Binfield, Berkshire, RG42 5LG, UK
| | - M.C. Alamar
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S. McWilliam
- PepsiCo International Limited, Beaumont Park, 4 Leycroft Road, Leicester, LE4 1ET, UK
| | - A.J. Thompson
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - L.A. Terry
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
- Corresponding author.
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