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Nascimento RF, Ávila MF, Taranto OP, Kurozawa LE. Agglomeration in fluidized bed: Bibliometric analysis, a review, and future perspectives. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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2
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Tabeei A, Keikhosravani A, Samimi A, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Zakeri M. Experimental evaluation of parameters affecting the coating performance of urea seeds in a prototype bottom external mixing spray two-fluid nozzle fluidized bed granulator. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Binder-free twin-screw melt granulation: An effective approach to manufacture high-dose API formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120886. [PMID: 34298107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the use of twin-screw binder-free melt granulation (BFMG) in the development of high-dose solid dose formulations for low melting point thermally stable drugs. Both ibuprofen and guaifenesin are examined. By granulating pure API powder, it is shown that BFMG can successfully be used to produce granules that contain 100% API. A design of experiments (DoE) response surface methodology was used to establish the design space for the end-product. The effects of the most relevant process variables (barrel operating temperature, powder feed rate, screw speed and screw configuration) on granule properties (outlet temperature, size distribution, morphology, flowability, compressibility, porosity) and tablet attributes (tensile strength and in-vitro dissolution) were thoroughly studied. Barrel temperature (alone or in interactions with the other variables) represented the most significant variable for both drugs since it governs the formation of granules by partial melting and subsequent agglomeration of the fed powder. Interestingly, the shear action originated by screw speed and screw configuration resulted in various significant responses depending on the drug substance, indicating that it can also be affected by the nature of the processed molecule. Flow properties were improved (i.e., lower Hausner ratio) for both drugs after formation of granules. Tabletability was also tested by preparing 600 mg tablets for all samples. Surprisingly, the resulting granules were highly compactible, requiring only 1% lubricant to form strong tablets containing 96% API and 3% disintegrant. The results also showed that tablets become harder as the granule size increased, especially for guaifenesin. As expected, in-vitro dissolution results indicated that tablets and capsules showed slightly slower dissolution rates than the granules.
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Zheng W, Cui T, Li H, Yang Y. Novel dry-suspension granulation process for preparing pressed powders of ceramic tiles. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Mamidi HK, Palekar S, Nukala PK, Mishra SM, Patki M, Fu Y, Supner P, Chauhan G, Patel K. Process optimization of twin-screw melt granulation of fenofibrate using design of experiment (DoE). Int J Pharm 2020; 593:120101. [PMID: 33309834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize the melt granulation process of fenofibrate using twin-screw granulator. Initial screening was performed to select the excipients required for melt granulation process. A 3 × 3 factorial design was used to optimize the processing conditions using the % drug loading (X1) and screw speed (X2) as the independent parameters and granule friability (Y1) % yield (Y2) as the dependent parameters. The effect of the independent parameters on the dependent parameters was determined using response surface plots and contour plots. A linear relationship was observed between % drug loading (X1) and % friability (Y1) and a quadratic relationship was observed between the independent parameters (X1 and X2) and % yield (Y2). The processing conditions for optimum granules were determined using numerical and graphical optimization and it was found that 15% drug loading at 50 rpm results in maximum % yield of 82.38% and minimum friability of 7.88%. The solid-state characterization of the optimized granules showed that the drug turned from crystalline state to amorphous state during melt granulation process. The optimized granules were compressed into tablets using Purolite® as the super disintegrating agent. The optimized formulation showed >85% drug release in 0.75% SLS solution within 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Mamidi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Siddhant Palekar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar Nukala
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh M Mishra
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA; SE Tylose USA Inc., Pharmaceutical Application Laboratory, 140 Commerce Way, Totowa, NJ, USA
| | - Manali Patki
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yige Fu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Piyush Supner
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Gautam Chauhan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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Tabeei A, Samimi A, Mohebbi-Kalhori D. CFD modeling of an industrial scale two-fluid nozzle fluidized bed granulator. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Konan KV, Le TC, Mateescu MA. Precompression of dry vegetal bioactive agents to optimize density and compactness: Case of Peschiera fuchsiaefolia powdered materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Thapa P, Tripathi J, Jeong SH. Recent trends and future perspective of pharmaceutical wet granulation for better process understanding and product development. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Kallakunta VR, Patil H, Tiwari R, Ye X, Upadhye S, Vladyka RS, Sarabu S, Kim DW, Bandari S, Repka MA. Exploratory studies in heat-assisted continuous twin-screw dry granulation: A novel alternative technique to conventional dry granulation. Int J Pharm 2018; 555:380-393. [PMID: 30458256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dry granulation is the preferred technique for solvent-sensitive products, especially drugs with stability problems such as hydrolysis. Twin-screw granulation is a continuous granulation technique, offering a potential alternative to conventional dry granulation techniques such as roller compaction. The major advantage of twin-screw granulation is the ability to adjust process parameters of dry granulation without compromising the compression properties. This study was aimed to perform exploratory studies of heat-assisted continuous twin-screw dry granulation process to formulate sustained release tablets for APIs with different melting points: theophylline, acetaminophen and lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate. Granulation feasibility was studied with different binders (e.g. Klucel™ EF, Kollidon® VA64), sustained release agents (e.g. Klucel™ MF, Eudragit® RSPO) and diluents at various drug loads. The processing conditions were below the melting point or glass transition temperature of the formulation ingredients. After successful granulation, DSC and XRD studies revealed the crystalline nature of the granules and FTIR studies showed no interaction of the API with the excipients. The granules were compressed into sustained release tablets without any compressibility issues. The tablets were stable after testing for 6 months at 25 °C/60% RH. This novel continuous dry granulation technique may offer an excellent alternative to conventional dry granulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Hemlata Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Roshan Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Xingyou Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Sampada Upadhye
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 School House Road, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Ronald S Vladyka
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 School House Road, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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10
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The effect of binder concentration in fluidized-bed granulation: Transition between wet and melt granulation. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Vieira MM, Martins RM, Freitas LA. Characteristics of piroxicam granules prepared by fluidized bed hot melt granulation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Liu Y, Thompson MR, O'Donnell KP. Impact of non-binder ingredients and molecular weight of polymer binders on heat assisted twin screw dry granulation. Int J Pharm 2017; 536:336-344. [PMID: 29191485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two grades of commercial AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME were used as polymer binders to explore the influence of polymer viscosity and concentration on a novel heat assisted dry granulation process with a twin screw extruder. Contributions of other non-binder ingredients in the formulations were also studied for lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and an active pharmaceutical ingredient of caffeine. As sensitive indicators of processing conditions that expose the drug to high internally generated heat, dehydration of α-lactose monohydrate and polymorphic transformation of caffeine were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, any decomposition of caffeine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Granular samples were characterized by particle size, circularity, fracture strength and their temperature on the exit of extruder. Higher screw speed and lower feed rate were found to help particles agglomerate by allowing feed particles a greater opportunity to increase in temperature. Lower binder molecular weight and higher binder concentration enable granules to build stronger strength and thereby lead to higher particle size. This new twin screw dry granulation was demonstrated as offering advantages over conventional hot melt granulation by minimizing thermal degradation of the tested ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- MMRI/ CAPPA-D, Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - M R Thompson
- MMRI/ CAPPA-D, Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7 Canada.
| | - K P O'Donnell
- Larkin Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
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Pan B, Shen R, Guan Z, Dang L, Wei H. Insights into the dissolution mechanisms of detergent agglomerates: An approach to assess dissolution heterogeneity. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Healy AM, Worku ZA, Kumar D, Madi AM. Pharmaceutical solvates, hydrates and amorphous forms: A special emphasis on cocrystals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:25-46. [PMID: 28342786 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may exist in various solid forms, which can lead to differences in the intermolecular interactions, affecting the internal energy and enthalpy, and the degree of disorder, affecting the entropy. Differences in solid forms often lead to differences in thermodynamic parameters and physicochemical properties for example solubility, dissolution rate, stability and mechanical properties of APIs and excipients. Hence, solid forms of APIs play a vital role in drug discovery and development in the context of optimization of bioavailability, filing intellectual property rights and developing suitable manufacturing methods. In this review, the fundamental characteristics and trends observed for pharmaceutical hydrates, solvates and amorphous forms are presented, with special emphasis, due to their relative abundance, on pharmaceutical hydrates with single and two-component (i.e. cocrystal) host molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Healy
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zelalem Ayenew Worku
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Atif M Madi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Villa MP, Bertín DE, Cotabarren IM, Piña J, Bucalá V. Fluidized-bed melt granulation: Coating and agglomeration kinetics and growth regime prediction. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Monteyne T, Adriaensens P, Brouckaert D, Remon JP, Vervaet C, De Beer T. Stearic acid and high molecular weight PEO as matrix for the highly water soluble metoprolol tartrate in continuous twin-screw melt granulation. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:158-167. [PMID: 27452420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Granules with release-sustaining properties were developed by twin screw hot melt granulation (HMG) using a combination of stearic acid (SA) and high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) as matrix for a highly water soluble model drug, metoprolol tartrate (MPT). Earlier studies demonstrated that mixing molten SA and PEO resulted in hydrogen bond formation between hydroxyl groups of fatty acid molecules and ether groups in PEO chains. These molecular interactions might be beneficial in order to elevate the sustained release effect of drugs from a SA/PEO matrix. This study aims to investigate the continuous twin screw melt granulation technique to study the impact of a SA/PEO matrix on the dissolution rate of a highly water soluble drug (MPT). Decreasing the SA/PEO ratio improved the release-sustaining properties of the matrix. The solid state of the granules was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and near infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) in order to understand the dissolution behavior. The results revealed a preferential interaction of the MPT molecules with stearic acid impeding the PEO to form hydrogen bonds with the stearic acid chains. However, this allowed the PEO chains to recrystallize inside the stearic acid matrix after granulation, hence, elevating the release-sustaining characteristics of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Monteyne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Laboratory of Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Material Science, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, Building D, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Davinia Brouckaert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Grau-Bove J, Mangwandi C, Walker G, Ring D, Cronin K. Studies into the effect of temperature on the impact of model particles in co-melt granulation. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Douglas P, Kuhs M, Sajjia M, Khraisheh M, Walker G, Collins MN, Albadarin AB. Bioactive PCL matrices with a range of structural & rheological properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Veliz Moraga S, Villa MP, Bertín DE, Cotabarren IM, Piña J, Pedernera M, Bucalá V. Fluidized-bed melt granulation: The effect of operating variables on process performance and granule properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Aleksić I, Đuriš J, Ibrić S, Parojčić J. An investigation into the usefulness of different empirical modeling techniques for better control of spray-on fluidized bed melt granulation. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:627-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Issa AA, Al-Degs YS, Mashal K, Al Bakain RZ. Fast activation of natural biomasses by microwave heating. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Granulation of indomethacin and a hydrophilic carrier by fluidized hot melt method: The drug solubility enhancement. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Prado HJ, Bonelli PR, Cukierman AL. In situ fluidized hot melt granulation using a novel meltable binder: Effect of formulation variables on granule characteristics and controlled release tablets. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aleksić I, Duriš J, Ilić I, Ibrić S, Parojčić J, Srčič S. In silico modeling of in situ fluidized bed melt granulation. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:21-30. [PMID: 24607215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluidized bed melt granulation has recently been recognized as a promising technique with numerous advantages over conventional granulation techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimizing in situ fluidized bed melt granulation and to compare them with regard to modeling ability and predictability. The experiments were organized in line with the Box-Behnken design. The influence of binder content, binder particle size, and granulation time on granule properties was evaluated. In addition to the response surface analysis, a multilayer perceptron neural network was applied for data modeling. It was found that in situ fluidized bed melt granulation can be used for production of spherical granules with good flowability. Binder particle size had the most pronounced influence on granule size and shape, suggesting the importance of this parameter in achieving desired granule properties. It was found that binder content can be a critical factor for the width of granule size distribution and yield when immersion and layering is the dominant agglomeration mechanism. The results obtained indicate that both in silico techniques can be useful tools in defining the design space and optimization of in situ fluidized bed melt granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Aleksić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Duriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Parojčić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stanko Srčič
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mangwandi C, Albadarin AB, JiangTao L, Allen S, Walker GM. Development of a value-added soil conditioner from high shear co-granulation of organic waste and limestone powder. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Mašić I, Ilić I, Dreu R, Ibrić S, Parojčić J, Srčič S. Melt granulation in fluidized bed: a comparative study of spray-on versus in situ procedure. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:23-32. [PMID: 23294368 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.744415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters, binder content and binder addition method on characteristics of the granules obtained by melt granulation (MG) in fluidized bed. METHODS Spray-on experiments were performed according to 2(3) full factorial design. The effect of binder content, molten binder feed rate, and spray air pressure on granule size and size distribution, granule shape, flowability and drug release rate was investigated. In the in situ experiments, the influence of binder particle size and binder content was evaluated. Solid-state characterization was performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Size of the granules obtained by spray-on procedure was significantly influenced by binder content and spray air pressure, while the width of particle size distribution was mainly affected by binder feed rate. Spray air pressure showed the most significant influence on granule shape. It was shown that smooth and spherical particles with good flow properties may be obtained by both procedures, spray-on and in situ MG. The results obtained indicated the influence of agglomeration mechanism on granule sphericity, with higher degree of granule sphericity observed when immersion and layering was the dominant mechanism. Paracetamol release from granulates was very rapid, but after compression of the granules into tablets, drug release was considerably slower. Solid-state analysis confirmed that the physical form of the granulate components remained unaffected after the MG process. CONCLUSION The results presented indicate that MG in fluidized bed could be a good alternative to conventional granulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mašić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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Dhenge RM, Cartwright JJ, Hounslow MJ, Salman AD. Twin screw granulation: Steps in granule growth. Int J Pharm 2012; 438:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Mu B, Thompson M. Examining the mechanics of granulation with a hot melt binder in a twin-screw extruder. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wong TW, Musa N. Centrifugal air-assisted melt agglomeration for fast-release “granulet” design. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:184-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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An investigation into the effect of formulation variables and process parameters on characteristics of granules obtained by in situ fluidized hot melt granulation. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:202-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Loh ZH, Er DZL, Chan LW, Liew CV, Heng PWS. Spray granulation for drug formulation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1645-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.610304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Osborne JD, Sochon RP, Cartwright JJ, Doughty DG, Hounslow MJ, Salman AD. Binder addition methods and binder distribution in high shear and fluidised bed granulation. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Costa A, Folch A, Macedonio G. A model for wet aggregation of ash particles in volcanic plumes and clouds: 1. Theoretical formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb007175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Passerini N, Calogerà G, Albertini B, Rodriguez L. Melt granulation of pharmaceutical powders: A comparison of high-shear mixer and fluidised bed processes. Int J Pharm 2010; 391:177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dixit R, Puthli S. Fluidization technologies: Aerodynamic principles and process engineering. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:3933-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Walker G, Bell S, Greene K, Jones D, Andrews G. Characterisation of fluidised bed granulation processes using in-situ Raman spectroscopy. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramachandran R, Poon JMH, Sanders CF, Glaser T, Immanuel CD, Doyle FJ, Litster JD, Stepanek F, Wang FY, Cameron IT. Experimental studies on distributions of granule size, binder content and porosity in batch drum granulation: Inferences on process modelling requirements and process sensitivities. POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Andrews GP. Advances in solid dosage form manufacturing technology. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:2935-49. [PMID: 17855217 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries are moving through a period of unparalleled change. Major multinational pharmaceutical companies are restructuring, consolidating, merging and more importantly critically assessing their competitiveness to ensure constant growth in an ever-more demanding market where the cost of developing novel products is continuously increasing. The pharmaceutical manufacturing processes currently in existence for the production of solid oral dosage forms are associated with significant disadvantages and in many instances provide many processing problems. Therefore, it is well accepted that there is an increasing need for alternative processes to dramatically improve powder processing, and more importantly to ensure that acceptable, reproducible solid dosage forms can be manufactured. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies are beginning to invest in innovative processes capable of producing solid dosage forms that better meet the needs of the patient while providing efficient manufacturing operations. This article discusses two emerging solid dosage form manufacturing technologies, namely hot-melt extrusion and fluidized hot-melt granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Walker G, Bell S, Vann M, Jones D, Andrews G. Fluidised bed characterisation using Raman spectroscopy: Applications to pharmaceutical processing. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Walker G, Bell S, Andrews G, Jones D. Co-melt fluidised bed granulation of pharmaceutical powders: Improvements in drug bioavailability. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Walker G, Bell S, Vann M, Zhai H, Jones D, Andrews G. Pharmaceutically Engineering Powders Using FHMG. Chem Eng Res Des 2007. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd06186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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