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Kumar R, Thakur AK, Kali G, Pitchaiah KC, Arya RK, Kulabhi A. Particle preparation of pharmaceutical compounds using supercritical antisolvent process: current status and future perspectives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:946-965. [PMID: 36575354 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The low aqueous solubility and subsequently slow dissolution rate, as well as the poor bioavailability of several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), are major challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the particle engineering approaches using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) as an antisolvent are critically reviewed. The different SC CO2-based antisolvent processes, such as the gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS), and a solution-enhanced dispersion system (SEDS), are described. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, solute concentration, nozzle diameter, SC CO2 flow rate, solvent type, and solution flow rate on the average particle size, particle size distribution, and particle morphology is discussed from the fundamental perspective of the SAS process. The applications of the SAS process in different formulation approaches such as solid dispersion, polymorphs, cocrystallization, inclusion complexation, and encapsulation to enhance the dissolution rate, solubility, and bioavailability are critically reviewed. This review highlights some areas where the SAS process has not been adequately explored yet. This review will be helpful to researchers working in this area or planning to explore SAS process to particle engineering approaches to tackle the challenge of low solubility and subsequently slow dissolution rate and poor bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Amit K Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Raj Kumar Arya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Anurag Kulabhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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He H, Huang Y, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Pan P, Lan Y, Zhong Z, Ping L, Lu T, Chen Z, Xing L, Li Q, Qiu Z. Supercritical fluid coating of flavonoids on excipients enhances drug release and antioxidant activity. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122593. [PMID: 36626970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical anti-solvent fluidized bed (SAS-FB) technology can be applied to reduce particle size, prevent particle aggregation, and improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In this work, drug-loaded microparticles of three similar structures, the flavonoids luteolin (LUT), naringenin (NGR), and dihydromyricetin (DMY) were prepared using SAS-FB technology, to explore its effect on the coating of flavonoid particles. Operating temperature, pressure, carrier, solvent, and concentration of drug solution were investigated for their effects on the yield and dissolution of flavonoid particles. The results showed that temperature, pressure, carrier, and drug solution concentration have a large effect on yield. Within the study range, low supercritical CO2 density at higher temperature and lower pressure, a larger surface area carrier, and moderate drug solution concentration led to a higher yield. The effect of the solvent on the yield of flavonoids is a result of multiple factors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the drug-loaded particles prepared from different carriers and solvents have different precipitations pattern on the carrier surface, and their particle sizes were smaller than unprocessed particles and those prepared by the SAS process. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) results showed that the flavonoids were uniformly coated on the carrier. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) results showed that the crystalline morphology of SAS-FB particles remained unchanged after the SAS-FB process, although the diffraction peak intensity decreased. The cumulative dissolution of SAS-FB particles was more than four times faster in the first 5 min than that of the unprocessed flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of SAS-FB processed LUT, NGR and DMY was 1.89-3.78 times, 4.92-10.68 times and 0.99-2.57 times higher than that of the untreated flavonoids, respectively. The approach provides a reference for the application of SAS-FB technology in flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiubing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yanting Ouyang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528329, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Piaopiao Pan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yanling Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zicheng Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lu Ping
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Tiejun Lu
- Centre for Formulation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zhenqiu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Qingguo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhenwen Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
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Khudaida SH, Hsieh WY, Huang YZ, Wu WY, Lee MJ, Su CS. Solubility of probenecid in supercritical carbon dioxide and composite particles prepared using supercritical antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cañellas F, Verma V, Kujawski J, Geertman R, Tajber L, Padrela L. Controlling the Polymorphism of Indomethacin with Poloxamer 407 in a Gas Antisolvent Crystallization Process. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43945-43957. [PMID: 36506150 PMCID: PMC9730483 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphic control of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a major challenge in the manufacture of medicines. Crystallization methods that use supercritical carbon dioxide as an antisolvent can create unique solid forms of APIs, with a particular tendency to generate metastable polymorphic forms. In this work, the effects of processing conditions within a gas antisolvent (GAS) crystallization method, such as pressure, stirring rate, and temperature, as well as the type of solvent used and the presence of an additive, on the polymorphism of indomethacin were studied. Consistent formation of the X-ray powder diffraction-pure α polymorphic form of indomethacin by GAS was only achieved when a polymer, poloxamer 407, was used as an additive. Using the GAS method in combination with poloxamer 407 as a molecular additive enabled full control over the polymorphic form of indomethacin, regardless of the processing conditions employed, such as pressure, temperature, stirring rate, and type of solvent. A detailed molecular modeling study provided insight into the role of poloxamer 407 in the polymorphic outcome of indomethacin and concluded that it favored the formation of the α polymorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel
Méndez Cañellas
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, LimerickV94 T9PX, Ireland
- SSPC,
the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, LimerickV94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, LimerickV94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jacek Kujawski
- Chair
and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 street, Poznan60-780, Poland
| | | | - Lidia Tajber
- SSPC,
the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, LimerickV94 T9PX, Ireland
- School of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity
College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, LimerickV94 T9PX, Ireland
- SSPC,
the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, LimerickV94 T9PX, Ireland
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Kankala RK, Xu PY, Chen BQ, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Supercritical fluid (SCF)-assisted fabrication of carrier-free drugs: An eco-friendly welcome to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113846. [PMID: 34197896 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success in developing various pharmaceutical formulations, most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)/drugs, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), often suffer from various intrinsic limitations of solubility and permeability, substantially hindering their bioavailability in vivo. Regardless of the fact that the availability of different particle fabrication approaches (top-down and bottom-up) towards pharmaceutical manufacturing, the supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has emerged as one of the highly effective substitutes due to the environmentally benign nature and processing convenience, as well as the economically promising character of SCFs. The exceptional features of SCFs have endowed the fabrication of various APIs either solely or in combination with the compatible supramolecular species towards achieving improved drug delivery. Operating such APIs in high-pressure conditions often results in arbitrary-sized particulate forms, ranging from micron-sized to sub-micron/nano-sized particles. Comparatively, these SCF-processed particles offer enhanced tailorable physicochemical and morphological properties (size, shape, and surface), as well as improved performance efficacy (bioavailability and therapy) over the unprocessed APIs. Although the "carrier-based" delivery is practical among diverse delivery systems, the direct fabrication of APIs into suitable particulate forms, referred to as "carrier-free" delivery, has increased attention towards improving the bioavailability and conveying a high payload of the APIs. This review gives a comprehensive emphasis on the SCF-assisted fabrication of diverse APIs towards exploring their great potential in drug delivery. Initially, we discuss various challenges of drug delivery and particle fabrication approaches. Further, different supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)-based fabrication approaches depending on the character of SCFs are explicitly described, highlighting their advantages and suitability in processing diverse APIs. Then, we provide detailed insights on various processing factors affecting the properties and morphology of SCF-processed APIs and their pharmaceutical applications, emphasizing their performance efficacy when administered through multiple routes of administration. Finally, we summarize this compilation with exciting perspectives based on the lessons learned so far and moving forward in terms of challenges and opportunities in the scale-up and clinical translation of these drugs using this innovative technology.
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Preparation of irbesartan composite microparticles by supercritical aerosol solvent extraction system for dissolution enhancement. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lim RTY, Ong CK, Cheng S, Ng WK. Amorphization of crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients via formulation technologies. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Dissolution enhancement of indomethacin-chitosan hydrochloride composite particles produced using supercritical assisted atomization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kim DC, Yeo SD. Modification of indomethacin crystals using supercritical and aqueous antisolvent crystallizations. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Synthesis of highly dispersed MnOx–CeO2 nanospheres by surfactant-assisted supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) technique: The important role of the surfactant. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gao J, Li Q, Chen W, Liu Y, Yu H. Self‐Assembly of Nanocellulose and Indomethacin into Hierarchically Ordered Structures with High Encapsulation Efficiency for Sustained Release Applications. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040 (P. R. China)
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040 (P. R. China)
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040 (P. R. China)
| | - Yixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040 (P. R. China)
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040 (P. R. China)
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Phothipanyakun S, Suttikornchai S, Charoenchaitrakool M. Dissolution rate enhancement of sulfamethoxazole using the gas anti-solvent (GAS) process. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boonnoun P, Nerome H, Machmudah S, Goto M, Shotipruk A. Supercritical anti-solvent micronization of chromatography purified marigold lutein using hexane and ethyl acetate solvent mixture. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lim RTY, Ng WK, Widjaja E, Tan RB. Comparison of the physical stability and physicochemical properties of amorphous indomethacin prepared by co-milling and supercritical anti-solvent co-precipitation. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kolakovic R, Peltonen L, Laukkanen A, Hirvonen J, Laaksonen T. Nanofibrillar cellulose films for controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:308-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kolakovic R, Laaksonen T, Peltonen L, Laukkanen A, Hirvonen J. Spray-dried nanofibrillar cellulose microparticles for sustained drug release. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Severino P, Santana MHA, Pinho SC, Souto EB. Polímeros sintéticos biodegradáveis: matérias-primas e métodos de produção de micropartículas para uso em drug delivery e liberação controlada. POLIMEROS 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282011005000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Micropartículas produzidas a partir de polímeros sintéticos têm sido amplamente utilizadas na área farmacêutica para encapsulação de princípios ativos. Essas micropartículas apresentam as vantagens de proteção do princípio ativo, mucoadesão e gastrorresistência, melhor biodisponibilidade e maior adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Além disso, utiliza menores quantidade de princípio ativo para obtenção do efeito terapêutico proporcionando diminuição dos efeitos adversos locais, sistêmicos e menor toxidade. Os polímeros sintéticos empregados na produção das micropartículas são classificados biodegradáveis ou não biodegradáveis, sendo os biodegradáveis mais utilizados por não necessitam ser removidos cirurgicamente após o término de sua ação. A produção das micropartículas poliméricas sintéticas para encapsulação tanto de ativos hidrofílicos quanto hidrofóbicos pode ser emulsificação por extração e/ou evaporação do solvente; coacervação; métodos mecânicos e estão revisados neste artigo evidenciando as vantagens, desvantagens e viabilidade de cada metodologia. A escolha da metodologia e do polímero sintético a serem empregados na produção desse sistema dependem da aplicação terapêutica requerida, bem como a simplicidade, reprodutibilidade e factibilidade do aumento de escala da produção.
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Su CS, Lo WS, Lien LH. Micronization of Fluticasone Propionate using Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Process. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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