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Sun L, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhou S, Wei Y, Huang Y, Li G. Rapid spheronization of irregular polymeric particles via microwave heating without stirring. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Yang J, Ding M, Cai W, Xu D, Park CB. Lightweight and flexible sensors based on environmental‐friendly poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composite foams with porous segregated conductive networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mingqi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wenrui Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Dawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Control of Crystallization of PBT-PC Blends by Anisotropic SiO2 and GeO2 Glass Flakes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214555. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites and blend systems are of increasing importance, due to the combination of unique and different material properties. Blending polybutylene terephtalate (PBT) with polycarbonate (PC) has been the focus of attention for some time in order to combine thermo-chemical with mechanical resistance. The right compounding of the two polymers is a particular challenge, since phase boundaries between PBT and PC lead to coalescence during melting, and thus to unwanted segregation within the composite material. Amorphization of the semi-crystalline PBT would significantly improve the blending of the two polymers, which is why specific miscibility aids are needed for this purpose. Recent research has focused on the functionalization of polymers with shape-anisotropic glass particles. The advantage of those results from their two-dimensional shape, which not only improves the mechanical properties but are also suspected to act as miscibility aids, as they could catalyze transesterification or act as crystallization modifier. This work presents a process route for the production of PBT-PC blends via co-comminution and an in-situ additivation of the polymer blend particles with anisotropic glass flakes to adjust the crystallinity and therefore enhance the miscibility of the polymers.
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Schmidt J, Peukert W. Dry powder coating in additive manufacturing. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.995221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder coating is used in many industries to tailor the bulk solid characteristics of cohesive powders. Within this paper, the state of the art of dry coating of feedstock materials for powder based additive manufacturing (AM) processes will be reviewed. The focus is on feedstock materials for powder bed fusion AM processes, such as powder bed fusion of polymers with a laser beam and powder bed fusion of metals with lasers or an electron beam. Powders of several microns to several ten microns in size are used and the feedstock’s bulk solid properties, especially the flowability and packing density are of immanent importance in different process steps in particular for powder dosing and spreading of powder layers onto the building area. All these properties can be tuned by dry particle coating. Moreover, possibilities to improve AM processability and to manipulate the resulting microstructure (c.f. grain refinement, dispersion strengthening) by adhering nanoparticles on the powders will be discussed. The effect of dry coating on the obtained powder properties along the whole AM process chain and the resulting part properties is assessed. Moreover, appropriate characterization methods for bulk solid properties of dry-coated AM powders are critically discussed.
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Particle Residence Time Distribution in a Concurrent Multiphase Flow Reactor: Experiments and Euler-Lagrange Simulations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on investigating the residence time behavior of microparticles in a concurrent downer reactor through experiments and numerical simulations. For the numerical simulations, a three-dimensional multiphase model was developed using the Euler-Lagrange approach. The experiments were performed in a 0.8 m-long steel reactor with gravitational particle injection. The effects of different operating conditions, e.g., the sheath gas velocity on the particle residence time distribution were assessed. An increase in the sheath gas flow rate led to a decrease in the peak residence time, although the maximum residence time increased. Regarding the lowest sheath gas flow rate, the particles’ peak residence time was twice as high compared to the peak residence time within the highest flow rate. The particles’ residence time curves presented a broad distribution coinciding with the size distribution of the powder. The numerical results agreed with the experimental data; thus, this study presents a numerical model for predicting the particle residence time behavior in a concurrent downer reactor. Furthermore, the numerical simulations contributed to a better understanding of the particle residence time behavior inside a concurrent downer reactor which is essential for optimizing thermal rounding processes. Dimensionless correlations for the observed effects are developed.
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Separation of monodisperse poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) particles by fractionation: Theory and practice. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dencheva N, Braz JFB, Denchev ZZ. Synthesis and properties of neat, hybrid, and copolymeric polyamide 12 microparticles and composites on their basis. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Dencheva
- IPC‐Institute for Polymers and Composites University of Minho, Campus of Azurem Guimarães Portugal
| | - Joana Filipa Barros Braz
- IPC‐Institute for Polymers and Composites University of Minho, Campus of Azurem Guimarães Portugal
| | - Zlatan Zlatev Denchev
- IPC‐Institute for Polymers and Composites University of Minho, Campus of Azurem Guimarães Portugal
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Düsenberg B, Tischer F, Valayne E, Schmidt J, Peukert W, Bück A. Temperature influence on the triboelectric powder charging during dry coating of polypropylene with nanosilica particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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DEM simulation analysis of the improvement in particle discharge flowability using adhesive force distribution models based on admixed particle coating. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kafle A, Luis E, Silwal R, Pan HM, Shrestha PL, Bastola AK. 3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3101. [PMID: 34578002 PMCID: PMC8470301 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a digital manufacturing process and offers virtually limitless opportunities to develop structures/objects by tailoring material composition, processing conditions, and geometry technically at every point in an object. In this review, we present three different early adopted, however, widely used, polymer-based 3D printing processes; fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) to create polymeric parts. The main aim of this review is to offer a comparative overview by correlating polymer material-process-properties for three different 3D printing techniques. Moreover, the advanced material-process requirements towards 4D printing via these print methods taking an example of magneto-active polymers is covered. Overall, this review highlights different aspects of these printing methods and serves as a guide to select a suitable print material and 3D print technique for the targeted polymeric material-based applications and also discusses the implementation practices towards 4D printing of polymer-based systems with a current state-of-the-art approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Kafle
- Design Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal; (A.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Eric Luis
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Macau SAR, China;
| | - Raman Silwal
- Design Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal; (A.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Houwen Matthew Pan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore;
| | - Pratisthit Lal Shrestha
- Design Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal; (A.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Anil Kumar Bastola
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing (CfAM), School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
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Hejmady P, van Breemen LC, Anderson PD, Cardinaels R. A processing route to spherical polymer particles via controlled droplet retraction. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Particle Lagrangian CFD Simulation and Experimental Characterization of the Rounding of Polymer Particles in a Downer Reactor with Direct Heating. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) powders are rounded at different conditions in a downer reactor with direct heating. The particles are fed through a single central tube, while the preheated sheath gas is fed coaxially surrounding the central aerosol jet. The influence of the process parameters on the quality of the powder product in terms of particle shape and size is analyzed by correlating the experimental results with the flow pattern, residence time distribution of the particles and temperature distribution predicted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. An Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical approach is used to capture the effect of the particle size distribution on the particle dynamics and the degree of rounding. The simulation results reveal that inlet effects lead to inhomogeneous particle radial distributions along the total length of the downer. The configuration of particle/gas injection also leads to fast dispersion of the particles in direction of the wall and to particle segregation by size. Broad particle residence time distributions are obtained due to broad particle size distribution of the powders and the particles dispersion towards the wall. Lower mass flow ratios of aerosol to sheath gas are useful to reduce the particle dispersion and produce more homogenous residence time distributions. The particles’ residence time at temperatures above the polymer’s melting onset is determined from the simulations. This time accounts for the effective treatment (rounding) time of the particles. Clear correlations are observed between the numerically determined effective rounding time distributions and the progress of shape modification on the particles determined experimentally.
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Li J, Yuan H, Chandrakar A, Moroni L, Habibovic P. 3D porous Ti6Al4V-beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds directly fabricated by additive manufacturing. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:496-510. [PMID: 33727193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3D Ti6Al4V-beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) hybrid scaffolds with interconnected porous network and controllable porosity and pore size were successfully produced by three-dimensional fiber deposition (3DF). The macrostructure of scaffolds was determined by the 3D design, whereas the micro- and submicron structure were derived from the Ti6Al4V powder sintering and the crystalline TCP powder, respectively. Ti6Al4V-TCP slurry was developed for 3DF by optimizing the TCP powder size, Ti6Al4V-to-TCP powder ratio and Ti6Al4V-TCP powder content. Moreover, the air pressure and fiber deposition rate were optimized. A maximum achievable ceramic content in the Ti6Al4V-TCP slurry that enables 3DF manufacturing was 10 wt%. The chemical analysis showed that limited contamination occurred during sintering. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of the scaffolds exhibited values between those of cancellous and cortical bone. The 3D Ti6Al4V-TCP scaffolds with 10 wt% TCP allowed deposition of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface in a simulated body fluid. Cumulative release of calcium and phosphate ions from the scaffolds was observed in a simulated physiological solution, in contrast to a cell culture medium. A pilot in vivo study, in which the scaffolds were implanted intramuscularly in dogs showed ectopic bone formation in the Ti6Al4V-TCP scaffolds with 10 wt% TCP, showing their osteoinductive potential. The porous 3D Ti6Al4V-TCP scaffolds developed here combine the mechanical properties of the metal with the bioactivity of the ceramic and are therefore likely to yield more effective strategies to control the implant-bone interface and thereby improve long-term clinical results in orthopaedics and craniomaxillofacial surgery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, 3D porous hybrid scaffolds made of a titanium alloy and a beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (Ti6Al4V-TCP) were developed using the direct additive manufacturing technique 3D fiber deposition. Upon optimization of the powders and slurry, scaffolds with up to 10 wt.% TCP with good mechanical properties and controllable porous structure at different length scales were successfully manufactured. A preliminary in vivo study in an intramuscular model demonstrated that the addition of TCP to the metal alloy improved its bioactivity. The combination of the two materials and the use of a direct additive manufacturing technique resulted in scaffolds that may lead to more effective strategies to control the implant-bone interface and thereby improve long-term clinical results in orthopaedics and craniomaxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - H Yuan
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Kuros Biosciences, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - A Chandrakar
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Yoshida M, Kaneko N, Shimosaka A, Shirakawa Y. Effects of discharging vibration conditions and coating structures on improving discharge particle flowability in a smaller particle admixing system. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Canziani H, Chiera S, Schuffenhauer T, Kopp SP, Metzger F, Bück A, Schmidt M, Vogel N. Bottom-Up Design of Composite Supraparticles for Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002076. [PMID: 32578351 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing promises high flexibility and customized product design. Powder bed fusion processes use a laser to melt a polymer powder at predefined locations and iterate the scheme to build 3D objects. The design of flowable powders is a critical parameter for a successful fabrication process that currently limits the choice of available materials. Here, a bottom-up process is introduced to fabricate tailored polymer- and composite supraparticles for powder-based additive manufacturing processes by controlled aggregation of colloidal primary particles. These supraparticles exhibit a near-spherical shape and tailored composition, morphology, and surface roughness. These parameters can be precisely controlled by the mixing and size ratio of the primary particles. Polystyrene/silica composite particles are chosen as a model system to establish structure-property relations connecting shape, morphology, and surface roughness to the adhesion within the powder, which is accessed by tensile strength measurements. The adhesive properties are then connected to powder flowability and it is shown that the resulting powders allow the formation of dense powder films with uniform coverage. Finally, successful powder bed fusion is demonstrated by producing macroscopic single layer specimens with uniform distribution of nanoscale silica additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Canziani
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Salvatore Chiera
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Schuffenhauer
- Bayerisches Laser Zentrum GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 2-6, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Sebastian-Paul Kopp
- Bayerisches Laser Zentrum GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 2-6, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Florian Metzger
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Bück
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Bayerisches Laser Zentrum GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 2-6, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3-5, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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Schmidt J, Parteli EJ, Uhlmann N, Wörlein N, Wirth KE, Pöschel T, Peukert W. Packings of micron-sized spherical particles – Insights from bulk density determination, X-ray microtomography and discrete element simulations. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Effects of mixing ratio and order of admixed particles with two diameters on improvement of compacted packing fraction. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Xi S, Zhang P, Huang Y, Kong M, Yang Q, Li G. Laser sintering of cryogenically ground polymer powders into high-performance parts: The role of dry particle coating with a conductive flow agent. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Valino AD, Dizon JRC, Espera AH, Chen Q, Messman J, Advincula RC. Advances in 3D printing of thermoplastic polymer composites and nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Preparation of spherical polymer powders for selective laser sintering from immiscible PA12/PEO blends with high viscosity ratios. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dechet MA, Goblirsch A, Romeis S, Zhao M, Lanyi FJ, Kaschta J, Schubert DW, Drummer D, Peukert W, Schmidt J. Production of polyamide 11 microparticles for Additive Manufacturing by liquid-liquid phase separation and precipitation. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Yoshida M, Katayama T, Kikuchi R, Oshitani J, Gotoh K, Shimosaka A, Shirakawa Y. Influence of surface roughness created by admixing smaller particles on improving discharge particle flowability of main particles. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dechet MA, Gómez Bonilla JS, Lanzl L, Drummer D, Bück A, Schmidt J, Peukert W. Spherical Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)-Polycarbonate (PC) Blend Particles by Mechanical Alloying and Thermal Rounding. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1373. [PMID: 30961298 PMCID: PMC6401783 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of co-grinding and the subsequent thermal rounding to produce spherical polymer blend particles for selective laser sintering (SLS) is demonstrated for polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymers are jointly comminuted in a planetary ball mill, and the obtained product particles are rounded in a heated downer reactor. The size distribution of PBT⁻PC composite particles is characterized with laser diffraction particle sizing, while the shape and morphology are investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A thorough investigation and characterization of the polymer intermixing in single particles is achieved via staining techniques and Raman microscopy. Furthermore, polarized light microscopy on thin film cuts enables the visualization of polymer mixing inside the particles. Trans-esterification between PBT and PC during the process steps is investigated via vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this way, a new process route for the production of novel polymer blend particle systems for SLS is developed and carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A Dechet
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Juan S Gómez Bonilla
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lydia Lanzl
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bück
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstraße 9a, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 814-Additive Manufacturing, Am Weichselgarten 9, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Kloos S, Dechet MA, Peukert W, Schmidt J. Production of spherical semi-crystalline polycarbonate microparticles for Additive Manufacturing by liquid-liquid phase separation. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Schäfer C, Meyer SP, Osswald TA. A novel extrusion process for the production of polymer micropellets. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim A. Osswald
- University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin 53706
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Bose S, Robertson SF, Bandyopadhyay A. Surface modification of biomaterials and biomedical devices using additive manufacturing. Acta Biomater 2018; 66:6-22. [PMID: 29109027 PMCID: PMC5785782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The demand for synthetic biomaterials in medical devices, pharmaceutical products and, tissue replacement applications are growing steadily due to aging population worldwide. The use for patient matched devices is also increasing due to availability and integration of new technologies. Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) in biomaterials have also increased significantly over the past decade towards traditional as well as innovative next generation Class I, II and III devices. In this review, we have focused our attention towards the use of AM in surface modified biomaterials to enhance their in vitro and in vivo performances. Specifically, we have discussed the use of AM to deliberately modify the surfaces of different classes of biomaterials with spatial specificity in a single manufacturing process as well as commented on the future outlook towards surface modification using AM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is widely understood that the success of implanted medical devices depends largely on favorable material-tissue interactions. Additive manufacturing has gained traction as a viable and unique approach to engineered biomaterials, for both bulk and surface properties that improve implant outcomes. This review explores how additive manufacturing techniques have been and can be used to augment the surfaces of biomedical devices for direct clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
| | - Samuel Ford Robertson
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
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Effects of main particle diameter on improving particle flowability for compressed packing fraction in a smaller particle admixing system. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huang Z, Chen X, Fu H, Wen X, Ma C, Zhang J, Wu C, Huang Y, Pan X, Wu C. Formation Mechanism and In Vitro Evaluation of Risperidone-Containing PLGA Microspheres Fabricated by Ultrafine Particle Processing System. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3363-3371. [PMID: 28736289 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafine particle processing system (UPPS) was developed previously by our group to provide a new solution to microsphere fabrication. The UPPS was supposed to possess many featured advantages, but the microsphere formation mechanism during UPPS processing was still unknown. The objective of this study was to perform the formation mechanism investigation and in vitro evaluation on risperidone-containing poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (RIS-PLGA MS) fabricated by UPPS. Evaporation profile and viscosity of the PLGA-containing solutions were considered as the critical factors for the microsphere formation mechanism and were determined in present study. The formation mechanism of RIS-PLGA MS was put forward by semiquantitative analysis on the basis of the evaporation profile, viscosity, and scanning electron microscopy results. It was established that the evaporation profile and viscosity would have an impact on the evaporation velocity and PLGA molecular diffusion velocity during solidification process, resulting in different appearance of the microspheres. Furthermore, comprehensive in vitro evaluations of RIS-PLGA MS were conducted, including particle size distribution, micromeritics, morphology, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, residual organic solvent, syringeability, and in vitro release behavior. The results revealed that RIS-PLGA MS was a promising candidate for intramuscular administration, and meanwhile UPPS was a qualified technology for microsphere production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Han Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xinguo Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chuanyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Sachs M, Friedle M, Schmidt J, Peukert W, Wirth KE. Characterization of a downer reactor for particle rounding. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Konnerth C, Braig V, Ito A, Schmidt J, Lee G, Peukert W. Formation of Mefenamic Acid Nanocrystals with Improved Dissolution Characteristics. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Konnerth
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Institute of Particle Technology; Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Cluster of Excellence - Engineering of Advanced Material (EAM); Nägelsbachstraße 49b 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Veronika Braig
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Division of Pharmaceutics, Cauerstraße 4; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Cluster of Excellence - Engineering of Advanced Material (EAM); Nägelsbachstraße 49b 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Atsutoshi Ito
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Institute of Particle Technology; Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Institute of Particle Technology; Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Division of Pharmaceutics, Cauerstraße 4; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Cluster of Excellence - Engineering of Advanced Material (EAM); Nägelsbachstraße 49b 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Institute of Particle Technology; Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Cluster of Excellence - Engineering of Advanced Material (EAM); Nägelsbachstraße 49b 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Su Y, Wang T, Dang G, Zhou H, Chen C. The effects of manganese ions on rheology and thermal properties of polyether ether ketone. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316649421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) mixed with manganese (Mn) of different valences was prepared to simulate conditions of impurity. The melt flow rate (MFR) and rheological behaviour were systematically studied to characterize the mobility from different angles. MFR test was used for the preliminary exploration of mixtures of Mn ions. The results showed that Mn, Mn(II), and Mn(IV) had little impact on the mobility of PEEK contrary to Mn(VII) and that long chain branching or cross-linking was suspected. Mn(VII) was determined to be the main object of this research. Capillary rheometer test demonstrated that the apparent shear viscosity constantly reduced with the increase of apparent shear rate, and that the addition of Mn(VII) could worsen the mobility of PEEK. Similarly, parallel plate rheometer studies proved that the complex viscosity increased along with the content of Mn(VII) and LCB was confirmed. Thermal analysis revealed that LCB occurred internally and that thermal stability was worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Lab, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Lab, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guodong Dang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Lab, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Lab, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Lab, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Fernandes MRP, Martinelli AE, Klein AN, Hammes G, Binder C, Nascimento RM. Production of nickel matrix composites reinforced with carbide particles by granulation of fine powders and mechanical pressing. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schmidt J, Sachs M, Fanselow S, Zhao M, Romeis S, Drummer D, Wirth KE, Peukert W. Optimized polybutylene terephthalate powders for selective laser beam melting. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yoshida M, Takatsuki R, Sakamoto G, Oshitani J, Gotoh K. DEM simulation and analysis of the effects of adhesive forces and rotations of admixed particles on improving main particle flowability. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Schmidt J, Sachs M, Fanselow S, Wirth KE, Peukert W. Herstellung und Funktionalisierung neuartiger Pulverwerkstoffe für die additive Fertigung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fanselow S, Emamjomeh SE, Wirth KE, Schmidt J, Peukert W. Production of spherical wax and polyolefin microparticles by melt emulsification for additive manufacturing. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yoshida M, Sanagawa T, Okano SI, Yamamoto H, Oshitani J, Gotoh K, Paul J, Koch T, Peukert W. Effects of an adhesive force of admixed particles on compressed packing fractions in a particle bed. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Peukert W, Segets D, Pflug L, Leugering G. Unified Design Strategies for Particulate Products. MESOSCALE MODELING IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PART I 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ache.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schmidt J, Sachs M, Blümel C, Winzer B, Toni F, Wirth KE, Peukert W. A Novel Process Chain for the Production of Spherical SLS Polymer Powders with Good Flowability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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