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Phengsaart T, Srichonphaisan P, Kertbundit C, Soonthornwiphat N, Sinthugoot S, Phumkokrux N, Juntarasakul O, Maneeintr K, Numprasanthai A, Park I, Tabelin CB, Hiroyoshi N, Ito M. Conventional and recent advances in gravity separation technologies for coal cleaning: A systematic and critical review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13083. [PMID: 36793968 PMCID: PMC9922934 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
"Affordable and clean energy" is enshrined in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; #7) because of its importance in supporting the sustainable development of society. As an energy source, coal is widely used because it is abundant and its utilization for electricity and heat generation do not require complex infrastructures and technologies, which makes it ideal for the energy needs of low-income and developing countries. Coal is also essential in steel making (as coke) and cement production and will continue to be on high demand for the foreseeable future. However, coal is naturally found with impurities or gangue minerals like pyrite and quartz that could create by-products (e.g., ash) and various pollutants (e.g., CO2, NOX, SOX). To reduce the environmental impacts of coal during combustion, coal cleaning-a kind of pre-combustion clean coal technology-is essential. Gravity separation, a technique that separates particles based on their differences in density, is widely used in coal cleaning due to the simplicity of its operation, low cost, and high efficiency. In this paper, recent studies (from 2011 to 2020) related to gravity separation for coal cleaning were systematically reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 1864 articles were screened after removing duplicates, and after a thorough evaluation 189 articles were reviewed and summarized. Among of conventional separation techniques, dense medium separator (DMS), particularly dense medium cyclone (DMC), is the most popular technologies studied, which could be attributed to the growing challenges of cleaning/processing fine coal-bearing materials. In recent years, most of works focused on the development of dry-type gravity technologies for coal cleaning. Finally, gravity separation challenges and future applications to address problems in environmental pollution and mitigation, waste recycling and reprocessing, circular economy, and mineral processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerayut Phengsaart
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Palot Srichonphaisan
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chinawich Kertbundit
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natatsawas Soonthornwiphat
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somthida Sinthugoot
- Department of Groundwater Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nutthakarn Phumkokrux
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand,Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Onchanok Juntarasakul
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kreangkrai Maneeintr
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Apisit Numprasanthai
- Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ilhwan Park
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Carlito Baltazar Tabelin
- Department of Materials and Resources Engineering Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Naoki Hiroyoshi
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Study on the suppression of bubble behavior by the synergistic effect of vibration and airflow based on pressure and particle collision signals. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oshitani J, Hino M, Oshiro S, Mawatari Y, Tsuji T, Jiang Z, Franks GV. Conversion air velocity at which reverse density segregation converts to normal density segregation in a vibrated fluidized bed of binary particulate mixtures. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Fan X, Ren Y, Dong L, Zhou C, Zhao Y. Optimization of coal size for beneficiation efficiency promotion in gas–solid fluidized bed. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2022.2061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Estimation of Bed Expansion and Separation Density of Gas–Solid Separation Fluidized Beds Using a Micron-Sized-Particle-Dense Medium. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal is the dominant energy resource in China. With the Chinese policy of committing to reducing peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, coal separation has recently become a hot topic, especially the fluidized separation of fine particles. In this study, micron-sized particles were introduced to ameliorate the properties of the traditional fluidized bed. The expansion characteristics of the micron-sized-particle-dense medium were explored. A bed expansion prediction model of the micron-sized-particle-dense medium was established, and the prediction error was about 10%, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the distribution characteristics of the bed. This model also helped predict the bed density in the presence of a micron-sized-particle-dense medium, and the prediction accuracy was between 85% and 92%, providing a theoretical basis for selecting and popularizing fluidized beds for industrial separation.
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6
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Mixing and migration rule of binary medium in vibrated dense medium fluidized bed for fine coal separation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Lv B, Luo Z, Deng X, Chen J, Fang C, Zhu X. Hydrodynamics and subsequent separation of gas-solid separation fluidized bed with secondary air injection. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Wang S, Wu W, Yang X, Zhao Y. Fluidization characteristics in a vibrated gas-fluidized bed of Geldart D particles based on the collaborative measurement by impact force sensor and high-speed image analysis system. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fan X, Zhou C, Dong L, Zhao Y, Duan C, Zhang B. Novel method of air distributor design for enhancing bed stability and reducing impurities in gas–solid fluidized bed system. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2017.1417937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wu W. Parametric evaluation and performance optimization of fine coal separation in a vibrated gas-fluidized bed using response surface methodology. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2019.1603174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Wang S, Yang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Dry beneficiation of fine coal deploying multistage separation processes in a vibrated gas-fluidized bed. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1505917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuliang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhu F, Li Y, Duan C, Yang J, Dong L, Zhao Y. Characteristics of non–linear dynamics and energy transfer in a vibration gas–solid fluidized bed by using Hilbert–Huang transform. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Recovery of residual metals from fine nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards using a vibrated gas-solid fluidized bed. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Characterization of temporal and spatial distribution of bed density in vibrated gas-solid fluidized bed. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Zhou C, Fan X, Duan C, Dong L, Zhao Y, Zhang B. Interaction effect of various factors and sulfur migration for pyrite recovery by vibrated fluidized bed. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2018.1464089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuchen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Separation Process of Fine Coals by Ultrasonic Vibration Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:4763937. [PMID: 28845160 PMCID: PMC5563414 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4763937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic vibration gas-solid fluidized bed was proposed and introduced to separate fine coals (0.5–0.125 mm fraction). Several technological methods such as XRF, XRD, XPS, and EPMA were used to study the composition of heavy products to evaluate the separation effect. Results show that the ultrasonic vibration force field strengthens the particle separation process based on density when the vibration frequency is 35 kHz and the fluidization number is 1.8. The ash difference between the light and heavy products and the recovery of combustible material obtain the maximum values of 47.30% and 89.59%, respectively. The sulfur content of the heavy product reaches the maximum value of 6.78%. Chemical state analysis of sulfur shows that organic sulfur (-C-S-), sulfate-sulfur (-SO4), and pyrite-sulfur (-S2) are confirmed in the original coal and heavy product. Organic sulfur (-C-S-) is mainly concentrated in the light product, and pyrite-sulfur (-S2) is significantly enriched in the heavy product. The element composition, phase composition, backscatter imagery, and surface distribution of elements for heavy product show concentration of high-density minerals including pyrite, quartz, and kaolinite. Some harmful elements such as F, Pb, and As are also concentrated in the heavy product.
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Zhang G, He Y, Wang H, Zhang T, Wang S, Yang X, Xia W. New technology for recovering residual metals from nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:228-235. [PMID: 28343744 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of waste printed circuit boards is important for environmental protection and sustainable resource utilization. Corona electrostatic separation has been widely used to recycle metals from waste printed circuit boards, but it has poor separation efficiency for finer sized fractions. In this study, a new process of vibrated gas-solid fluidized bed was used to recycle residual metals from nonmetallic fractions, which were treated using the corona electrostatic separation technology. The effects of three main parameters, i.e., vibration frequency, superficial air flow velocity, and fluidizing time on gravity segregation, were investigated using a vibrating gas-solid fluidized bed. Each size fraction had its own optimum parameters. Corresponding to their optimal segregation performance, the products from each experiment were analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). From the results, it can be seen that the metal recoveries of -1+0.5mm, -0.5+0.25mm, and -0.25mm size fractions were 86.39%, 82.22% and 76.63%, respectively. After separation, each metal content in the -1+0.5 or -0.5+0.25mm size fraction reduced to 1% or less, while the Fe and Cu contents are up to 2.57% and 1.50%, respectively, in the -0.25mm size fraction. Images of the nonmetallic fractions with a size of -0.25mm indicated that a considerable amount of clavate glass fibers existed in these nonmetallic fractions, which may explain why fine particles had the poorest segregation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; Shanghai Cooperative Centre for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Yaqun He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; Advanced Analysis & Computation Center, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; Shanghai Cooperative Centre for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Advanced Analysis & Computation Center, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; Shanghai Cooperative Centre for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Advanced Analysis & Computation Center, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Wencheng Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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18
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Dynamic characteristics of an equal-thickness screen with a variable amplitude and screening analysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Luo Z. Dry Cleaning of Fine Coal Based on Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow: A Review. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Yang
- China University of Mining & Technology; Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education; 221116 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
- China University of Mining & Technology; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Daxue Road No1 221116 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuemin Zhao
- China University of Mining & Technology; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Daxue Road No1 221116 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Zhenfu Luo
- China University of Mining & Technology; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Daxue Road No1 221116 Xuzhou, Jiangsu China
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhou E, Fu Z, Zhao Y. Fluidization of Geldart D type particles in a shallow vibrated gas-fluidized bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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The Effect of a Porous Medium on Fluidization Characteristics in Air Dense Medium Fluidized Bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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