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Rashid I, Haddadin RR, Alkafaween AA, Alkaraki RN, Alkasasbeh RM. Understanding the implication of Kawakita model parameters using in-die force-displacement curve analysis for compacted and non-compacted API powders. AAPS OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-022-00053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate powder mechanics upon compression using data obtained from force-displacement (F-D) curves. The Kawakita model of powder compression analysis was adopted in order to compare the pressure-volume reduction relationship of the drug powders in relation to the F-D curves. Experiments were carried out on six model drugs (metronidazole, metformin, secnidazole, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and mebeverine). The drugs were compressed at different pressures in the non-processed or processed (using a roller compactor) forms. Results indicate the similarity between the F-D curves and a rearranged form of the Kawakita model. The foregoing enables the calculation of two important powder parameters, “a” (maximum powder volume reduction) and “Pk” (pressure required to achieve half of the maximum volume reduction) from the F-D curves without the need, as in the case of the conventional Kawakita model, to compress powders into tablets at different compression forces.
Graphical abstract
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Patil S, Pandit A, Godbole A, Dandekar P, Jain R. Chitosan based co-processed excipient for improved tableting. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sanchez-Ballester NM, Bataille B, Soulairol I. Sodium alginate and alginic acid as pharmaceutical excipients for tablet formulation: Structure-function relationship. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118399. [PMID: 34364633 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alginic acid and its sodium salt are well-accepted pharmaceutical excipients fulfilling several roles in the development of solid oral dosage forms. Although they have attractive advantages as safety, abundance, relatively low cost and biodegradability, these natural polysaccharides possess a high variability that may limit their use as excipients for tablet formulation. Thus, to obtain robust formulations and high-quality drug products with consistent performance a complete understanding of the structure-property relationship becomes necessary as the structure of alginates affects both, technological and biopharmaceutical properties. This review compiles the compaction studies carried out that relate the structure of alginates to their mechanical and dissolution performances. The different analytical methods used to determine the chemical composition, primary structure and molecular weight distribution, major factors affecting the behavior of alginates in direct compression, are also exposed. Finally, different strategies reported to improve the properties of alginic acid as direct compression excipient are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Bataille
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ian Soulairol
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; Department of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
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Ribeiro JCV, Forte TCM, Tavares SJS, Andrade FK, Vieira RS, Lima V. The effects of the molecular weight of chitosan on the tissue inflammatory response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2556-2569. [PMID: 34245089 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight of chitosan (CS) may affect its physical properties and its ability to induce an appropriate host response. The biocompatibilities of CS membranes of low (LMWCS) and high (HMWCS) molecular weight were investigated by inserting these materials into the subcutaneous tissue of rats for 1-28 days and evaluating leukocyte infiltration, granulation tissue, fibrosis, arginase-1 immunostaining, as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κΒ) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 expressions. Both CS membranes induced a peak of leukocyte infiltration on the first day of insertion and stimulated granulation and fibrous tissue generation when compared to control. LMWCS induced more collagen deposition a week earlier, when compared to the control and HMWCS membrane. The membranes also increased arginase-1 immunostaining, a M2 macrophage marker. M2 macrophage is recognized as anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative. NF-κB is an essential biomarker of the inflammatory process and induces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. The LMWCS membrane reduced inflammation, as indicated by a reduced nucleus/cytoplasm NF-κB ratio in surrounding tissue from days 7 to 14 when compared to control. On the first day, the expression of FGF-2, a biomarker of inflammatory resolution, was increased in the tissue of the LWMCS group, when compared with HMWCS, which was consistent with the type I collagen deposition. Thus, LWMCS was associated with a prior reduction of the inflammatory response and improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fábia Karine Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Vilma Lima
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Influence of Chitin Source and Polymorphism on Powder Compression and Compaction: Application in Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225269. [PMID: 33198143 PMCID: PMC7697224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the research reported herein is to compare the compaction properties of three different chitin extracts from the organisms most used in the seafood industry; namely crabs, shrimps and squids. The foregoing is examined in relation to their polymorphic forms as well as compression and compaction behavior. Chitin extracted from crabs and shrimps exhibits the α-polymorphic form whilst chitin extracted from squid pins displays a β-polymorphic form. These polymorphs were characterized using FTIR, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Pore diameter and volume differ between the two polymorphic powder forms. The β form is smaller in pore diameter and volume. Scanning electron microscopy of the two polymorphic forms shows clear variation in the arrangement of chitin layers such that the α form appears more condensed due to the anti-parallel arrangement of the polymer chains. True, bulk and tapped densities of these polymorphs and their mixtures indicated poor flowability. Nevertheless, compression and compaction properties obtained by applying Heckle and Kawakita analyses indicated that both polymorphs are able to be compacted with differences in the extent of compaction. Chitin compacts, regardless of their origin, showed a very high crushing strength with very fast dissolution which makes them suitable for use as fast mouth dissolving tablets. Moreover, when different chitin powders are granulated with two model drugs, i.e., metronidazole and spiramycin they yielded high crushing strength and their dissolution profiles were in accordance with compendial requirements. It is concluded that the source of chitin extraction is as important as the polymorphic form when compression and compaction of chitin powders is carried out.
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Abu Fara D, Al-Hmoud L, Rashid I, Chowdhry BZ, Badwan A. Understanding the Performance of a Novel Direct Compression Excipient Comprising Roller Compacted Chitin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020115. [PMID: 32079246 PMCID: PMC7073602 DOI: 10.3390/md18020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin has been investigated in the context of finding new excipients suitable for direct compression, when subjected to roller compaction. Ball milling was concurrently carried out to compare effects from different energy or stress-inducing techniques. Samples of chitin powders (raw, processed, dried and humidified) were compared for variations in morphology, X-ray diffraction patterns, densities, FT-IR, flowability, compressibility and compactibility. Results confirmed the suitability of roller compaction to convert the fluffy powder of raw chitin to a bulky material with improved flow. X-ray powder diffraction studies showed that, in contrast to the high decrease in crystallinity upon ball milling, roller compaction manifested a slight deformation in the crystal lattice. Moreover, the new excipient showed high resistance to compression, due to the high compactibility of the granules formed. This was correlated to the significant extent of plastic deformation compared to the raw and ball milled forms of chitin. On the other hand, drying and humidification of raw and processed materials presented no added value to the compressibility and compactibility of the directly compressed excipient. Finally, compacted chitin showed direct compression similarity with microcrystalline cellulose when formulated with metronidazole (200 mg) without affecting the immediate drug release action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeb Abu Fara
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-799182424
| | - Linda Al-Hmoud
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Iyad Rashid
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Adnan Badwan
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (A.B.)
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Abu Fara D, Dadou SM, Rashid I, Al-Obeidi R, Antonijevic MD, Chowdhry BZ, Badwan A. A Direct Compression Matrix Made from Xanthan Gum and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Designed to Improve Compressibility in Controlled Release Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E603. [PMID: 31726799 PMCID: PMC6921021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of our research is the optimization of direct compression (DC), controlled release drug matrices comprising chitosan/xanthan gum. The foregoing is considered from two main perspectives; the use of low molecular weight chitosan (LCS) with xanthan gum (XG) and the determination of important attributes for direct compression of the mixtures of the two polymers. Powder flow, deformation behaviour, and work of compression parameters were used to characterize powder and tableting properties. Compression pressure and LCS content within the matrix were investigated for their influence on the crushing strength of the tablets produced. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum parameters required for DC of the matrices investigated. Results confirm the positive contribution of LCS in enhancing powder compressibility and crushing strength of the resultant compacts. Compactibility of the XG/LCS mixtures was found to be more sensitive to applied compression pressure than LCS content. LCS can be added at concentrations as low as 15% w/w to achieve hard compacts, as indicated by the RSM results. The introduction of the plasticity factor, using LCS, to the fragmenting material XG was the main reason for the high volume reduction and reduced porosity of the polymer mixture. Combinations of XG with other commonly utilized polymers in controlled release studies such as glucosamine, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Na alginate (ALG), guar gum, lactose and high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan were also used; all the foregoing polymers failed to reduce the matrix porosity beyond a certain compression pressure. Application of the LCS/XG mixture, at its optimum composition, for the controlled release of two model drugs (metoprolol succinate and dyphylline) was examined. The XG/LCS matrix at 15% w/w LCS content was found to control the release of metoprolol succinate and dyphylline. The former preparation confirmed the strong influence of compression pressure on changing the drug release profile. The latter preparation showed the ability of XG/LCS to extend the drug release at a fixed rate for 12 h of dissolution time after which the release became slightly slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeb Abu Fara
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha M. Dadou
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Iyad Rashid
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Riman Al-Obeidi
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Milan D. Antonijevic
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (S.M.D.); (M.D.A.); (B.Z.C.)
| | - Adnan Badwan
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (JPM), P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan; (I.R.); (R.A.-O.); (A.B.)
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Enhancement in Dissolution Rate of Atorvastatin Trihydrate Calcium by Formulating Its Porous Tablet Using Sublimation Technique. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Assaf SM, Subhi Khanfar M, Bassam Farhan A, Said Rashid I, Badwan AA. Preparation and characterization of co-processed starch/MCC/chitin hydrophilic polymers onto magnesium silicate. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:761-774. [PMID: 30888873 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1596131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It was aimed to investigate the compressibility, compactibility, powder flow and tablet disintegration of a new excipient comprising magnesium (Mg) silicate co-processed (5%-85% w/w) onto chitin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and starch as the hydrophilic polymers of interest. Initially, the mechanism of tablet disintegration was studied by measuring water infiltration rate, moisture sorption, swelling capacity and hydration ability. Moreover, the powders compression behavior was carried out by applying Kawakita model of compression analysis in addition to porosity and radial tensile strength measurements. In vitro drug release of compacts made of 400 mg ibuprofen and 300 mg of the hydrophilic polymers containing 30% w/w Mg silicate co-precipitate was investigated in phosphate buffer (pH 7.8). This work demonstrated that the incorporation of Mg silicate to the hydrophilic polymers lead to the improvement of powder flowability, compactibility, stability (with regard to storage conditions), compacts crushing strength, and disintegration time in addition to faster drug release. The overall findings are practically advantageous in the context of finding a low cost and multifunctional co-processed excipient of natural origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M Assaf
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Mai Subhi Khanfar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Ahmed Bassam Farhan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Iyad Said Rashid
- b Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company , Amman , Jordan
| | - Adnan Ali Badwan
- b Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company , Amman , Jordan
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Dadou SM, El-Barghouthi MI, Antonijevic MD, Chowdhry BZ, Badwan AA. Elucidation of the Controlled-Release Behavior of Metoprolol Succinate from Directly Compressed Xanthan Gum/Chitosan Polymers: Computational and Experimental Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:21-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suha M. Dadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Musa I. El-Barghouthi
- Department of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Milan D. Antonijevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Babur Z. Chowdhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Environmental Science, Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan A. Badwan
- Research and Innovation Centre, The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), P.O. Box
94, Naor 11710, Jordan
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Arndt OR, Kleinebudde P. Towards a better understanding of dry binder functionality. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:258-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Garcia LGS, Guedes GMDM, da Silva MLQ, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Sidrim JJC, Cordeiro RDA, Rocha MFG, Vieira RS, Brilhante RSN. Effect of the molecular weight of chitosan on its antifungal activity against Candida spp. in planktonic cells and biofilm. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:662-669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Drašković M, Djuriš J, Ibrić S, Parojčić J. Functionality and performance evaluation of directly compressible co-processed excipients based on dynamic compaction analysis and percolation theory. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous environment using eco-friendly chitosan schiff’s base@Fe 3 O 4 (CSB@Fe 3 O 4 ) as an adsorbent; kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:422-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boggione MJ, Mahl CR, Beppu MM, Farruggia B. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan membranes functionalized with amino acids and copper for adsorption of endoglucanase. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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