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Du J, Wu F, Ma X. Progress in research of process intensification of spouted beds: A comprehensive review. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Orozco S, Lopez G, Suarez MA, Artetxe M, Alvarez J, Bilbao J, Olazar M. Oxidative Fast Pyrolysis of High-Density Polyethylene on a Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed Reactor. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:15791-15801. [PMID: 36507096 PMCID: PMC9727778 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative fast pyrolysis of plastics was studied in a conical spouted bed reactor with a fountain confiner and draft tube. An inexpensive fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalyst was proposed for in situ catalytic cracking in order to narrow the product distribution obtained in thermal pyrolysis. Suitable equivalence ratio (ER) values required to attain autothermal operation were assessed in this study, i.e., 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2. The experiments were carried out in continuous regime at 550 °C and using a space-time of 15 gcatalyst min gHDPE -1. The influence of an oxygen presence in the pyrolysis reactor was analyzed in detail, with special focus on product yields and their compositions. Operation under oxidative pyrolysis conditions remarkably improved the FCC catalyst performance, as it enhanced the production of gaseous products, especially light olefins, whose yields increased from 18% under conventional pyrolysis (ER = 0) to 30% under oxidative conditions (ER = 0.1 and 0.2). Thus, conventional catalytic pyrolysis led mainly to the gasoline fraction, whereas light olefins were the prevailing products in oxidative pyrolysis. Moreover, the oxygen presence in the pyrolysis reactor contributed to reducing the heavy oil fraction yield by 46%. The proposed strategy is of great relevance for the development of this process, given that, on one hand, oxygen cofeeding allows solving the heat supply to the reactor, and on the other hand, product distribution and reactor throughput are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Orozco
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gartzen Lopez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mayra Alejandra Suarez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maite Artetxe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Alvarez
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Nieves Cano 12, 01006Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of the
Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080Bilbao, Spain
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Mass transfer in conical spouted beds equipped with internal devices. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yue Y, Wang S, Shen Y. CFD-DEM study of mitigation of alternating spout deflection in a spout fluidized bed: A geometry perspective. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sukunza X, Pablos A, Aguado R, Vicente J, Altzibar H, Olazar M. Continuous drying of fine and ultrafine sands in a fountain confined conical spouted bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cortazar M, Santamaria L, Lopez G, Alvarez J, Amutio M, Bilbao J, Olazar M. Fe/olivine as primary catalyst in the biomass steam gasification in a fountain confined spouted bed reactor. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Effect of operating conditions on the hydrodynamics in fountain confined conical spouted beds. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Solar Thermochemical Green Fuels Production: A Review of Biomass Pyro-Gasification, Solar Reactor Concepts and Modelling Methods. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses the solar thermochemical conversion of biomass or waste feedstocks based on pyro-gasification for the clean production of high-value and energy-intensive fuels. The utilization of solar energy for supplying the required process heat is attractive to lower the dependence of gasification processes on conventional energy resources and to reduce emissions of CO2 and other pollutants for the production of high-value chemical synthetic fuels (syngas). Using concentrated solar energy to drive the endothermal reactions further allows producing more syngas with a higher gas quality, since it has not been contaminated by combustion products, while saving biomass resources. The solar-driven process is thus a sustainable and promising alternative route, enabling syngas yield enhancement and CO2 mitigation, thereby potentially outperforming the performance of conventional processes for syngas production. This review presents relevant research studies in the field and provides the scientific/technical knowledge and background necessary to address the different aspects of the solar gasification process. An overview of the available solar concentrating technologies and their performance metrics is first introduced. The solar gasifier concepts and designs that were studied from lab to industrial scale are presented, along with their main benefits and limitations. The different management strategies proposed to deal with solar energy variations are also outlined, as well as the major pilot-scale applications and large-scale system level simulations. A specific emphasis is provided on the spouted bed technology that appears promising for the gasification process. Finally, the main modeling approaches of pyro-gasification and kinetics for simulation of gasifiers are described. This study thus provides a detailed overview of the efforts made to enhance the thermochemical performance of solar-assisted biomass gasification for synthetic fuel production.
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Tellabide M, Estiati I, Pablos A, Altzibar H, Aguado R, Olazar M. Minimum spouting velocity of fine particles in fountain confined conical spouted beds. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Azizi K, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Arregi A, Amutio M, Lopez G, Olazar M. On the pyrolysis of different microalgae species in a conical spouted bed reactor: Bio-fuel yields and characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123561. [PMID: 32454420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study fast pyrolysis of three microalgae species in a continuous bench-scale conical spouted bed reactor at 500 °C. Bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-char yields have been determined and characterized by using GC, GC/MS, elemental analyzer and SEM. Bio-oil was the main product obtained through pyrolysis of microalgae. The non-condensable gaseous stream is made up of mainly hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, apart from other light hydrocarbons detected in lower concentration, as are methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene. The compounds identified in the bio-oil have been categorized into hydrocarbons, nitrogen containing compounds, ketones, alcohols, acids, lactones, phenols and aldehydes. The nitrogen and carbon contents of the microalgae bio-chars are higher than those for bio-chars derived from other biomasses. Pyrolysis improved the morphology and porous structure of microalgae. Finally, the mechanism involving microalgae pyrolysis has been approached and the main reaction pathways have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoom Azizi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Aitor Arregi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maider Amutio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gartzen Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Sukunza X, Pablos A, Aguado R, Vicente J, Bilbao J, Olazar M. Effect of the Solid Inlet Design on the Continuous Drying of Fine and Ultrafine Sand in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Sukunza
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Pablos
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Aguado
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jorge Vicente
- Novattia Desarrollos Ltd., Scientific and Technology
Park of Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Building
612, E48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, E48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Tellabide M, Estiati I, Pablos A, Altzibar H, Aguado R, Olazar M. New operation regimes in fountain confined conical spouted beds. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saldarriaga JF, Estiati I, Atxutegi A, Aguado R, Bilbao J, Olazar M. Distribution of Cycle Times in Sawdust Conical Spouted Bed Equipped with Fountain Confiner and Draft Tube. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Saldarriaga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cr. 1Este #19A-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Idoia Estiati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Aitor Atxutegi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Roberto Aguado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Pablos A, Aguado R, Tellabide M, Altzibar H, Freire FB, Bilbao J, Olazar M. A new fountain confinement device for fluidizing fine and ultrafine sands in conical spouted beds. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
This article reviews the major research and development on spouted beds (SBs). Due to its unique structural and flow characteristics, the SB is a very successful system in most applications. Two-phase and sometimes three-phase interactions generate a large number of variables to be noted in each process. Up-to-date information on the fundamentals and applications of SBs has been briefly presented, based on the published works. Thousands of interesting studies on hydrodynamic characteristics, numerical simulations, and new applications of SBs are reported. In the first step, the present work presents a review of hydrodynamic characteristics (circulation of solids in SB, measurement techniques for particle tracking and empirical hydrodynamics, pressure drop, maximum spoutable height, minimum spouting velocity, and diameter of the spout). In the second step, main mathematical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the SB to predict and analyze different processes are described. Some main mathematical modeling and the recent advances of two fluid methods and discrete element method approaches in CFD simulation of SBs are summarized. In the last step, some new applications of the SB are presented. As the result of this review, we can observe the importance of further development of hydrodynamics structure, working on modeling and related correlations and improve the applications of SBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Rahimi-Ahar
- Chemical Engineering Department , University of Isfahan , Isfahan , I.R. Iran
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