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Riaz HH, Munir A, Farooq U, Arshad A, Chan TC, Zhao M, Khan NB, Islam MS. Optimal Treatment of Tumor in Upper Human Respiratory Tract Using Microaerosols. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25106-25123. [PMID: 38882164 PMCID: PMC11170752 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a frequently diagnosed respiratory disease caused by particulate matter in the environment, especially among older individuals. For its effective treatment, a promising approach involves administering drug particles through the inhalation route. Multiple studies have investigated the flow behavior of inhaled particles in the respiratory airways of healthy patients. However, the existing literature lacks studies on the precise understanding of the transportation and deposition (TD) of inhaled particles through age-specific, unhealthy respiratory tracts containing a tumor, which can potentially optimize lung cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the TD of inhaled drug particles within a tumorous, age-specific human respiratory tract. The computational model reports that drug particles within the size range of 5-10 μm are inclined to deposit more on the tumor located in the upper airways of a 70-year-old lung. Conversely, for individuals aged 50 and 60 years, an optimal particle size range for achieving the highest degree of particle deposition onto upper airway tumor falls within the 11-20 μm range. Flow disturbances are found to be at a maximum in the airway downstream of the tumor. Additionally, the impact of varying inhalation flow rates on particle TD is examined. The obtained patterns of airflow distribution and deposition efficiency on the tumor wall for different ages and tumor locations in the upper tracheobronchial airways would be beneficial for developing an efficient and targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Hamza Riaz
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Munir
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Attique Arshad
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tzu-Chi Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Computer-Aided Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Niaz Bahadur Khan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Isa Town 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Bang E, Hwangbo H, Kim MY, Ji SY, Kim DH, Shim JH, Moon SK, Kim GY, Cheong J, Choi YH. Urban aerosol particulate matter promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104211. [PMID: 37423393 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is a serious health concern worldwide. Although several studies have linked UPM to ocular diseases, no study has reported effects of UPM exposure on senescence in retinal cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of UPM on senescence and regulatory signaling in human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Our study demonstrated that UPM significantly promoted senescence, with increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Moreover, both mRNA and protein levels of senescence markers (p16 and p21) and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, including IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and -3 were upregulated. Notably, UPM increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation during senescence. In contrast, use of NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 reduced the level of senescence markers. Taken together, our results provide the first in vitro preliminary evidence that UPM induces senescence by promoting mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB activation in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunJin Bang
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
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Numerical investigations of the particle deposition in the human terminal alveoli under the Martian gravity. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rahman MM, Zhao M, Islam MS, Dong K, Saha SC. Nanoparticle transport and deposition in a heterogeneous human lung airway tree: An efficient one path model for CFD simulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 177:106279. [PMID: 35985443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding nano-particle inhalation in human lung airways helps targeted drug delivery for treating lung diseases. A wide range of numerical models have been developed to analyse nano-particle transport and deposition (TD) in different parts of airways. However, a precise understanding of nano-particle TD in large-scale airways is still unavailable in the literature. This study developed an efficient one-path numerical model for simulating nano-particle TD in large-scale lung airway models. This first-ever one-path numerical approach simulates airflow and nano-particle TD in generations 0-11 of the human lung, accounting for 93% of the whole airway length. The one-path model enables the simulation of particle TD in many generations of airways with an affordable time. The particle TD of 5 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm particles is simulated at inhalation flow rates for two different physical activities: resting and moderate activity. It is found that particle deposition efficiency of 5 nm particles is 28.94% higher than 20 nm particles because of the higher dispersion capacity. It is further proved that the diffusion mechanism dominates the particle TD in generations 0-11. The deposition efficiency decreases with the increase of generation number irrespective of the flow rate and particle size. The effects of the particle size and flow rate on the escaping rate of each generation are opposite to the corresponding effects on the deposition rate. The quantified deposition and escaping rates at generations 0-11 provide valuable guidelines for drug delivery in human lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md M Rahman
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kejun Dong
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Suvash C Saha
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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