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Laine CG, Johnson VE, Scott HM, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Global Estimate of Human Brucellosis Incidence. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1789-1797. [PMID: 37610167 PMCID: PMC10461652 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major public health concern worldwide, especially for persons living in resource-limited settings. Historically, an evidence-based estimate of the global annual incidence of human cases has been elusive. We used international public health data to fill this information gap through application of risk metrics to worldwide and regional at-risk populations. We performed estimations using 3 statistical models (weighted average interpolation, bootstrap resampling, and Bayesian inference) and considered missing information. An evidence-based conservative estimate of the annual global incidence is 2.1 million, significantly higher than was previously assumed. Our models indicate Africa and Asia sustain most of the global risk and cases, although areas within the Americas and Europe remain of concern. This study reveals that disease risk and incidence are higher than previously suggested and lie mainly within resource-limited settings. Clarification of both misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis is required because those factors will amplify case estimates.
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Pei J, Zhao S, Yin M, Wu F, Li J, Zhang G, Wu X, Bao P, Xiong L, Song W, Ba Y, Yan P, Song R, Guo X. Differential proteomics of placentas reveals metabolic disturbance and oxidative damage participate yak spontaneous miscarriage during late pregnancy. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:248. [PMID: 35761325 PMCID: PMC9235108 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High spontaneous miscarriage rate in yak, especially during late pregnancy, have caused a great economic loss to herdsmen living in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. However, the mechanism underlying spontaneous miscarriage is still poorly understood. In the present study, placenta protein markers were identified to elucidate the pathological reasons for yak spontaneous miscarriage through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic technology and bioinformatic approaches. Results Subsequently, a total of 415 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between aborted and normal placentas. The up-regulated DEPs in the aborted placentas were significantly associated with “spinocerebellar ataxia”, “sphingolipid signalling”, “relaxin signalling”, “protein export”, “protein digestion and absorption” and “aldosterone synthesis and secretion” pathway. While the down-regulated DEPs in the aborted placentas mainly participated in “valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation”, “PPAR signalling”, “peroxisome”, “oxidative phosphorylation”, “galactose metabolism”, “fatty acid degradation”, “cysteine and methionine metabolism” and “citrate cycle” pathway. Conclusions The results implied that the identified DEPs could be considered as placental protein markers for yak miscarriage during late pregnancy, and biomacromolecule metabolic abnormality and oxidative damage might be responsible for the high spontaneous miscarriage rate in yak. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for deciphering the pathologic mechanism of late spontaneous miscarriage in yak. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03354-w.
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Campbell Z, Coleman P, Guest A, Kushwaha P, Ramuthivheli T, Osebe T, Perry B, Salt J. Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys. Prev Vet Med 2021; 189:105279. [PMID: 33581421 PMCID: PMC8024747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Managing the health needs of livestock contributes to reducing poverty and improving the livelihoods of smallholder and pastoralist livestock keepers globally. Animal health practitioners, producers, policymakers, and researchers all must prioritize how to mobilize limited resources. This study employed three approaches to prioritize animal health needs in East and West Africa and South Asia to identify diseases and syndromes that impact livestock keepers. The approaches were a) systematic literature review, b) a series of expert workshops, and c) a practitioner survey of veterinarians and para-veterinary professionals. The top constraints that emerged from all three approaches include endo/ ectoparasites, foot and mouth disease, brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants, Newcastle disease, and avian influenza. Expert workshops additionally identified contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, mastitis, and reproductive disorders as constraints not emphasized in the literature review. Practitioner survey results additionally identified nutrition as a constraint for smallholder dairy and pastoralist small ruminant production. Experts attending the workshops agreed most constraints can be managed using existing veterinary technologies and best husbandry practices, which supports a shift away from focusing on individual diseases and new technologies towards addressing systemic challenges that limit access to veterinary services and inputs. Few research studies focused on incidence/ prevalence of disease and impact, suggesting better incorporation of socio-economic impact measures in future research would better represent the interests of livestock keepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Campbell
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Paul Coleman
- H20 Venture Partners, 33-35 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Guest
- H20 Venture Partners, 33-35 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Peetambar Kushwaha
- GALVmed Asia Office, Unit 118 & 120 B, Splendor Forum, Plot No 3, Jasola District Centre, Jasola, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Thembinkosi Ramuthivheli
- GALVmed Africa Office, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Swing One, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tom Osebe
- GALVmed Africa Office, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Swing One, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Perry
- Nuffield College of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Arthurstone House, Meigle, Blairgowrie, PH12 8QW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Salt
- GALVmed UK Office, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Gompo TR, Shah R, Tiwari I, Gurung YB. Sero-epidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goat population in the south western Nepal: a comparative study. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:132. [PMID: 33766040 PMCID: PMC7992955 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In Nepal, the presence of brucellosis in small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, has impacted farmers' livelihood and the food safety of consumers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rupandehi district of Nepal during January to March 2020 to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of brucellosis in the sheep and goat population. Altogether, 19 sheep and 60 goat farms in the district were visited. Owners were interviewed to get information on animals, including their management and movement patterns. Three hundred fifty-seven samples (80 sheep and 277 goat samples) were collected proportionately based on farm sizes. Each serum sample was tested with Rose Bengal Test and ELISA to estimate the seropositivity of brucellosis. Logistic regression was carried out to calculate corresponding odds ratios of each variable associated with detection of brucellosis. RESULTS At the farm level, 31.6% (6/19; 95% CI: 12, 54%) of sheep farms and 3.3% (2/60, 95% CI: 0.9, 11.4%) of goat farms were seropositive to brucellosis. Out of 80 sheep serum samples, 12 (15%; 95% CI: 8.79-24.41%) and out of 277 goat serum samples, three (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.37-3.14%) were seropositive to brucellosis. Age greater than 1.5 years (OR = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.39, 29.38; p = 0.02) and herd size of greater than 100 (OR = 4.74, 95% CI: 1.23, 20.32, p = 0.03) were identified as significant risk factors for seropositivity of brucellosis in the sheep population. While in the goat population, none of the variables was identified as a significant risk factor. CONCLUSION The study provides evidence that the older sheep and the sheep from the large herds were at higher risk of brucellosis. A control program should be put in place immediately in the sheep population because they may transmit infections to other livestock as they were regularly moved for grazing and selling purposes. Also, strict biosecurity measures should be implemented among pastoralists to prevent brucellosis transmission in them. We suggest further one health-based study to reveal the transmission dynamics of brucellosis between animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Shah
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Nepal
| | - Ishwari Tiwari
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Nepal
| | - Yam Bahadur Gurung
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Nepal
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Yang X, Wang N, Cao X, Bie P, Xing Z, Yin S, Jiang H, Wu Q. First isolation and characterization of Brucella suis from yak. Genome 2020; 63:397-405. [PMID: 32384250 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens that can persistently colonize animal host cells and cause zoonosis, affect public health and safety. A Brucella strain was isolated from yak in Qinghai Province. To detect whether this isolate could cause an outbreak of brucellosis and to reveal its genetic characteristics, several typing and whole-genome sequencing methods were applied to identify its species and genetic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on MLVA and whole-genome sequencing revealed the genetic characteristics of the isolated strain. The results showed that the isolated strain is a B. suis biovar 1 smooth strain, and this isolate was named B. suis QH05. The results of comparative genomics and MLVA showed that B. suis QH05 is not a vaccine strain. Comparison with other B. suis strains isolated from humans and animals indicated that B. suis QH05 may be linked to specific animal and human sources. In conclusion, B. suis QH05 does not belong to the Brucella epidemic species in China, and as the first isolation of B. suis from yak, this strain expands the host range of B. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Bie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin 150030, China
| | - Shihui Yin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin 150030, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Cárdenas L, Awada L, Tizzani P, Cáceres P, Casal J. Characterization and evolution of countries affected by bovine brucellosis (1996-2014). Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1280-1290. [PMID: 30739391 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the global distribution and temporal evolution of bovine brucellosis due to Brucella abortus during a 19-year period (1996-2014) using the information officially reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) by veterinary services of 156 countries. Variables that can influence the health status of bovine brucellosis (i.e., year, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), continent and bovine population) were also analysed. Countries were classified into three categories of health situations: ENZOOTIC: countries infected, which may have been free of brucellosis but for periods of fewer than 3 years; NON-ENZOOTIC: countries where the disease was present but that had at least a 3-year period without the disease; and FREE: countries where the disease remained absent during the whole period. The countries free from bovine brucellosis, or in the process of eradication, were located in Oceania and Europe, while the more affected regions were Central and South America, Africa and parts of Asia. Among the Non-Enzootic countries, the results showed that a very high proportion managed to control the disease during the period of study, with a sharp decline in the percentage of infected countries from 71% in 1996 to 10% in 2014. Among the Enzootic countries, a much smaller proportion managed to control the disease, with a slight drop in the percentage of infected countries from 92% in 1996 to 80% in 2014. A relationship was found between the status of the disease and the availability of economic resources; thus, countries with a high GDP per capita tended to be free from bovine brucellosis. On the other hand, countries with a larger bovine population showed a greater probability to have the disease present. An increase in surveillance programmes and implementation of control policies were observed during the period of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cárdenas
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Awada
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Paula Cáceres
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zeng J, Robertson ID, Ji Q, Dawa Y, Bruce M. Evaluation of the economic impact of brucellosis in domestic yaks of Tibet. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:476-487. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Yong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Veterinary Tibet Livestock Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science Lhasa City Tibet China
| | - Ian D. Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
- China‐Australia Joint Research and Training Center for Veterinary Epidemiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Qiu‐Mei Ji
- Department of Veterinary Tibet Livestock Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science Lhasa City Tibet China
| | - Yang‐La Dawa
- Department of Veterinary Tibet Livestock Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science Lhasa City Tibet China
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
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8
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Kelly TR, Bunn DA, Joshi NP, Grooms D, Devkota D, Devkota NR, Paudel LN, Roug A, Wolking DJ, Mazet JAK. Awareness and Practices Relating to Zoonotic Diseases Among Smallholder Farmers in Nepal. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:656-669. [PMID: 29869006 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing livestock production to meet growing demands has resulted in greater interactions at the livestock-wildlife-human interface and more opportunities for zoonotic disease spread. Zoonoses impose enormous burdens on low-income countries like Nepal, where populations are largely dependent on livestock production and access to shared grazing lands, often near protected areas, due to population pressures. Several livestock-associated zoonoses have been reported in Nepal; however, little is known regarding Nepali farmers' knowledge of zoonoses and opportunities for disease management. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate Nepali farmers' awareness of zoonoses, assess current health challenges, and evaluate disease prevention and control practices. We found that awareness of zoonotic pathogens was limited, especially in informally educated and illiterate farmers; the majority of which were women. Further, farmers' preventive herd health, food safety, and sanitation practices were not associated with their awareness. Several farmers reported high-risk practices despite being aware of zoonotic diseases, suggesting a disconnect between the farmers' awareness and practice. Our study highlights the need for improving Nepali farmers' knowledge of zoonoses and disease prevention measures. Closing these awareness-practice gaps will require an improved understanding of risk and effective drivers of behavior change, alongside engagement of farmers in development of zoonotic disease prevention programs that encourage participation of both male and female farmers across all levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra R Kelly
- One Health Institute, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - David A Bunn
- One Health Institute, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nanda P Joshi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (CANR), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Grooms
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Durga Devkota
- Department of Rural Sociology and Development Studies, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Naba R Devkota
- Directorate of Research and Extension, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Lok Nath Paudel
- Directorate of Livestock Production, Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Livestock Development, Harihar Bhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Annette Roug
- One Health Institute, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David J Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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ElTahir Y, Al Toobi AG, Al‐Marzooqi W, Mahgoub O, Jay M, Corde Y, Al Lawati H, Bose S, Al Hamrashdi A, Al Kharousi K, Al‐Saqri N, Al Busaidi R, Johnson EH. Serological, cultural and molecular evidence of Brucella melitensis infection in goats in Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:190-205. [PMID: 29790273 PMCID: PMC6090411 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, one of the most common zoonotic diseases and has significant public health and economic importance worldwide. Few studies and reports have been performed to estimate the true prevalence of animal brucellosis in the Sultanate of Oman; however, no incidence of the disease was previously reported in Al Jabal Al Akhdar. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in goats in eight villages in Al Jebal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman, namely: Al Aqaieb, Al Helailat, Al Ghilayil, Hail Al Hedap, Da'an Al Hamra, Shnoot, Al Qasha'e and Al Sarah, Al Jabal Al Akhdar in the Sultanate of Oman. In this study we used different diagnostic serological tests, namely, RBT, I-ELISA and CFT to study the prevalence of Brucella infection in goats in Al Jabal Al Akhdar. Statistical analysis using Kappa statistics was used to compare the performance of the serological tests. Biochemical tests and species-specific Multiplex PCR were used to identify the brucella species involved in the infection. A structured questionnaire and Chi-square (x2 ) statistical analysis was used to identify related brucellosis risk factors. This study is the first to reveal brucellosis infection in goats in eight villages in Al Jebal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman, namely: Al Aqaieb, Al Helailat, Al Ghilayil, Hail Al Hedap, Da'an Al Hamra, Shnoot, Al Qasha'e and Al Sarah, with an overall seroprevalence of 11.1%. The study also compared the performance of three different serological tests, namely, RBT, I-ELISA and CFT. Statistical analysis using Kappa statistics showed that the degree of agreement was best seen between RBT and CFT (96%), followed by RBT, I- ELISA (91.4%) and CFT and I- ELISA (89.2%). Biochemical tests and species-specific Multiplex PCR showed the typical profile for B. melitensis. A structured questionnaire and Chi-square (x2 ) statistical analysis indicated that the presence of abortion is the major risk factor for the prevalence of brucellosis, whereas age and sex were not significant factors in the tested animals. Besides, poor knowledge about brucellosis, consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products, free trade of animals and the introduction of new animal breeds to herds were all contributing risk factors to the prevalence of brucellosis. The prevalence of human brucellosis obtained verbally from pastoralists gave an insight that brucellosis could pose a public health hazard, especially in those high-risk groups, mainly the pastoralists in the study area. Because of their constant and increasing interaction with their animals, pastoralists could be at a high risk of occupational infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin ElTahir
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Al Ghalya Al Toobi
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Waleed Al‐Marzooqi
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Osman Mahgoub
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for BrucellosisAnimal Health LaboratoryParis‐Est University/AnsesMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Yannick Corde
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for BrucellosisAnimal Health LaboratoryParis‐Est University/AnsesMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Hadi Al Lawati
- Ministry of Agriculture & FisheriesDirectorate General of Animal wealthMuscatSultanate of Oman
| | - Shekar Bose
- Department of Natural Resources EconomicsSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Abeer Al Hamrashdi
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Kaadhia Al Kharousi
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Nasseb Al‐Saqri
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Rudaina Al Busaidi
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
| | - Eugene H. Johnson
- College of Agricultural & Marine SciencesDepartment of Animal & Veterinary SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityAlkhodSultanate of Oman
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Zeng J, Duoji C, Yuan Z, Yuzhen S, Fan W, Tian L, Cai C, Robertson I. Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) in Tibet, China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Asokan GV, Vanitha A. Disaster response under One Health in the aftermath of Nepal earthquake, 2015. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2017; 7:91-96. [PMID: 27059251 PMCID: PMC7320513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, an estimate quotes that 1100 healthcare facilities were damaged and over 100,000 livestock lost in the two earthquakes that occurred in April and May of 2015 in Nepal. Threats of infectious diseases, mostly zoonoses, could affect Nepal's economy, trade, and tourism, and reaching the targets of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Historically, outbreaks of infectious diseases, including zoonoses, were largely associated with the aftereffects of the earthquakes. It has been documented that zoonoses constitute 61% of all known infectious diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this communication was to examine the infectious disease outbreaks after earthquakes around the world and explore the risk assessment of the zoonoses threats reported in Nepal and highlight adopting One Health. Our summaries on reported zoonoses in Nepal have shown that parasitic zoonoses were predominant, but other infectious disease outbreaks can occur. The fragile public health infrastructure and inadequately trained public health personnel can accelerate the transmission of infections, mostly zoonoses, in the post impact phase of the earthquake in Nepal. Therefore, we believe that with the support of aid agencies, veterinarians and health professionals can team up to resolve the crisis under One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Asokan
- Public Health Program, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, PO Box- 32038, Bahrain.
| | - A Vanitha
- Pediatrics Department, American Mission Hospital, Manama, PO Box- 1, Bahrain.
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12
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Acharya KP, Kaphle K, Shrestha K, Garin Bastuji B, Smits HL. Review of brucellosis in Nepal. Int J Vet Sci Med 2016; 4:54-62. [PMID: 33195685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an abortifacient zoonotic disease that remains prominent in third world countries like Nepal. Brucellosis poses a public health concern, because its incidence in livestock can present substantial economic and health burdens for herders and health professionals. Several cases of bovine and human brucellosis have been reported and the prevalence is higher among livestock than among humans in Nepal. Lack of awareness, unhealthy food habit, traditional husbandry practices, and a lack of surveillance and immunization have been the major factors in maintaining a vicious cycle of propagation of the disease in human and animals. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current status of the disease, the mechanism of infection, and pathogenesis, its zoonotic potential, diagnostic advances, treatment regimens, and the preventive measures that can be adopted in managing human brucellosis in under-developed countries such as Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Acharya
- Ecole d'Ingenieurs de Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Krishna Kaphle
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Bruno Garin Bastuji
- European & International Affairs Department Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES)
| | - Henk L Smits
- KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute/Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Acharya KP, Niroula N, Kaphle K. Review of Brucellosis in Nepal. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016042. [PMID: 27703129 PMCID: PMC5425907 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current status of the disease, the mechanism of infection, and pathogenesis, its zoonotic potential, diagnostic advances, treatment regimens, and the preventive measures that can be adopted in managing human brucellosis in under-developed countries such as Nepal. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all the available literture through Google Scholar, PubMed, Gideon Informatics, World Health Organization and other legitimate sources. Other secondary informations were collected from the government agencies such as department of livestock services and Ministry of Health. The obtained information was then re-analysed and summarized. RESULTS Few publications have addressed brucellosis in Nepal and most of those publications have focused on bovine brucellosis with sparse information available on brucellosis in humans and small ruminants. Brucella abortus is the most predominant causative agent followed by B. suis. B. abortus is predominant in cattle accounting for a substantial portion of bovine abortion in the country. Lack of awareness, unhealthy food habit, traditional husbandry practices, and a lack of surveillance and immunization have been the major factors in maintaining a vicious cycle of propagation of the disease in human and animals. Unfortunately, nothing has been done to identify the species of Brucella at the biovar level. CONCLUSIONS Although brucellosis has been reported to be endemic in Nepal, neither the distribution nor the economic and public health impact of this disease is well characterized. Robust and well-designed nationwide survey is warranted to assess the prevalence and distribution of disease in livestock and humans. Such data would facilitate the design of appropriate control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirajan Niroula
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuwan University, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Krishna Kaphle
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuwan University, Chitwan, Nepal
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Acharya KP. Brucellosis in Nepal - A Potential Threat to Public Health Professionals. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2016; 42:396-407. [PMID: 30581595 PMCID: PMC6269619 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.42.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a prominent zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals which with the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment remains dangerous in third world countries like Nepal. Currently, Brucellosis poses a public health concern, whose incidences among entire herds of animals can present substantial economic and health burdens for herders and health professionals. Additionally, factors such as close contact with animals, poor animal husbandry, and unhygienic feeding habits can exacerbate the spread of Brucella and related zoonotic agents. In Nepal, serious cases of bovine and even human brucellosis have been reported, although the topic is yet to be extensively reviewed. This paper evaluates the literatures on human and animal brucellosis in Nepal and other countries, with an emphasis on the impact of Brucella outbreaks on public health professionals. Herein, we summarize the current status of the disease, the mechanism of infection, pathogenesis, zoonotic potential, diagnostic advances, treatment regimens, and the preventive measures that can be adopted in managing human brucellosis in under-developed countries such as Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Acharya
- Animal Science Instructor,Shree Himganga Higher Secondary School, Ramechhap, Nepal; Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuwan University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
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WITHDRAWN: Acute brucellosis in Nepal: Research and prospects. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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