1
|
Kwananocha I, Magré J, Kamali A, Verseijden F, Willemsen K, Ji Y, van der Wal BCH, Sakkers RJB, Tryfonidou MA, Meij BP. Outcome One Year after Acetabular Rim Extension Using a Customized Titanium Implant for Treating Hip Dysplasia in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2385. [PMID: 39199919 PMCID: PMC11350793 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The acetabular rim extension (ACE-X) implant is a custom-made three-dimensionally printed titanium device designed for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. In this study, 34 dogs (61 hips) underwent ACE-X implantation, and assessments were conducted using computed tomography, force plate analysis, Ortolani's test, and the Helsinki chronic pain index (HCPI) questionnaires at five intervals: the pre-operative day, the surgery day, and the 1.5-month, 3-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Statistically significant increases in femoral head coverage with a negative Ortolani subluxation test were observed immediately after surgery and persisted throughout the study. Osteoarthritis (OA) scores remained stable, but osteophyte size significantly increased between the surgery day and the 12-month follow-up, especially in hips with a baseline OA score of 2 compared to those with a score of 1. The force plate data showed no significant changes during the study. The HCPI demonstrated a significant decrease in pain score from pre-operative value to six-week follow-up and gradually decreased over time. Major complications were identified in six hips (9.8%) of four dogs. In conclusion, the ACE-X implant effectively increased femoral head coverage, eliminated subluxation, and provided long-term pain relief with minimal complications, benefiting over 90% of the study population. The study supports the ACE-X implant as a valuable alternative treatment for canine hip dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irin Kwananocha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
- Research and Academic Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Joëll Magré
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
- 3D Lab UMC Utrecht, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Femke Verseijden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Koen Willemsen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
- 3D Lab UMC Utrecht, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuntao Ji
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bart C. H. van der Wal
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
| | - Ralph J. B. Sakkers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.M.); (K.W.); (B.C.H.v.d.W.); (R.J.B.S.)
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Björn P. Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (I.K.); (A.K.); (F.V.); (M.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lomas DC, Jenkins PL. The Impact of Double Pelvic Osteotomy on Dorsolateral Subluxation in 24 Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2024. [PMID: 39102852 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) on dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) of the femoral head in a weight-bearing position. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study with treatment effect analysis. Twenty-four client-owned dogs that underwent DPO due to hip dysplasia. METHODS Computed tomography (CT) studies were performed on 24 dogs that underwent a DPO between 2015 and 2021. The patients were positioned with the femora in a weight-bearing position. The DLS score was measured pre-DPO, immediately post-DPO, and at follow-up to determine if DPO resulted in an increase in the DLS score. RESULTS A total of 21 dogs underwent single-stage bilateral DPO and 3 dogs underwent unilateral DPO resulting in 45 hip joints available for analysis. Follow-up CT was available for 29 of these at a median of 51 days (range: 35-482 days). The mean DLS score was 36.1% ± 14.6 preoperatively, 71.4% ± 12.5 post-DPO, and 70.0% ± 15.3 at follow-up. The increase between the pre- and postoperative measurement was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DPO results in reduced subluxation of the femoral head in a weight-bearing position. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The in vivo results suggest that DPO will result in reduced femoral subluxation during weight-bearing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Lomas
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul L Jenkins
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carneiro RK, da Cruz IC, Lima B, Aires LPN, Pompeu B, Ferreira MP, Giglio RF, Uscategui RA, Minto BW, Gasser B, Feliciano MR. Comparison of the distraction index and Norberg angle with radiographic grading of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:107-113. [PMID: 38254308 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) radiographic grading system stands as a well-established benchmark for categorizing hip dysplasia in canines. Although more objective techniques to quantify early hip laxity in young dogs, such as the Norberg angle (NA) and distraction index (DI), have been documented, there is a scarcity of published studies that directly compare these radiographic measures. The primary objectives of this prospective, analytical study were to assess and compare the NA and DI measures with OFA grades within a cohort of dogs. Thirty dogs (57 hip joints) were evaluated, with a mean age of 5.4 ± 2.9 years and a mean body weight of 34.3 ± 7.1 kg. The discriminative power of hip dysplasia for DI and NA used OFA as a reference were compared by multivariate discriminant analysis test. Using the DI (≤0.3) 12 joints were classified as normal, using NA (≥105°) 24 joints and using OFA (≤3) 29. When comparing the discriminant power of NA with OFA resulting similar (P = .8324) with correct classifications of 81% using cross validation, however, the discriminant power of dysplasia of the DI resulted significantly greater (P = .0034) than OFA with correct classifications of only 59% using cross-validation, consequently it was possible determined that of 29 patients with OFA ≤ 3, 20 had DI > 0.3. These findings demonstrated that phenotypic healthy dogs according to OFA grading can present passive hip joint laxity, as demonstrated by radiographic evaluation with distraction. Furthermore, DI can contribute to the screening of CHD when evaluated in conjunction with OFA grading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K Carneiro
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Igor C da Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, ES, UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lima
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz P N Aires
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Pompeu
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio P Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Robson F Giglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UGA, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ricardo A Uscategui
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Ibague, Colombia
| | - Bruno W Minto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gasser
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Unaí, UFVJM, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus R Feliciano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jardim Elite, USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Franco-Gonçalo P, Pereira AI, Loureiro C, Alves-Pimenta S, Filipe V, Gonçalves L, Colaço B, Leite P, McEvoy F, Ginja M. Femoral Neck Thickness Index as an Indicator of Proximal Femur Bone Modeling. Vet Sci 2023; 10:371. [PMID: 37368757 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration in the shape of the femoral neck is an important radiographic sign for scoring canine hip dysplasia (CHD). Previous studies have reported that the femoral neck thickness (FNT) is greater in dogs with hip joint dysplasia, becoming progressively thicker with disease severity. The main objective of this work was to describe a femoral neck thickness index (FNTi) to quantify FNT and to study its association with the degree of CHD using the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) scheme. A total of 53 dogs (106 hips) were randomly selected for this study. Two examiners performed FNTi estimation to study intra- and inter-examiner reliability and agreement. The paired t-test, the Bland-Altman plots, and the intraclass correlation coefficient showed excellent agreement and reliability between the measurements of the two examiners and the examiners' sessions. All joints were scored in five categories by an experienced examiner according to FCI criteria. The results from examiner 1 were compared between FCI categories. Hips that were assigned an FCI grade of A (n = 19), B (n = 23), C (n = 24), D (n = 24), and E (n = 16) had a mean ± standard deviation FNTi of 0.809 ± 0.024, 0.835 ± 0.044, 0.868 ± 0.022, 0.903 ± 0.033, and 0.923 ± 0.068, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Therefore, these results show that FNTi is a parameter capable of evaluating proximal femur bone modeling and that it has the potential to enrich conventional CHD scoring criteria if incorporated into a computer-aided diagnosis capable of detecting CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Franco-Gonçalo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Inês Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cátia Loureiro
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vítor Filipe
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lio Gonçalves
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leite
- Neadvance Machine Vision SA, 4705-002 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fintan McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hayward JJ, Todhunter RJ. Common Orthopedic Traits and Screening for Breeding Programs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00066-9. [PMID: 37225647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic diseases are complex traits, meaning genetics and environmental factors affect risk, making identification of genetic associations difficult. In the United States, hip and elbow scores, patellar luxation scores, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and shoulder osteochondrosis affectedness are available in the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals registry. Distraction indices and extended, ventrodorsal hip conformation scores are recorded by PennHIP. Application of estimated breeding values for hip and elbow dysplasia in breeder selection reduces the severity and prevalence of these traits. Genomic prediction and whole-genome sequence technologies and methods should improve knowledge of genetics underlying orthopedic diseases, leading to improved canine orthopedic genetic quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Franco-Gonçalo P, Alves-Pimenta S, Gonçalves L, Colaço B, Leite P, Ribeiro A, Ferreira M, McEvoy F, Ginja M. Femoral parallelism: evaluation and impact of variation on canine hip dysplasia assessment. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160200. [PMID: 37215470 PMCID: PMC10196174 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate radiographic positioning on the X-ray table is paramount for canine hip dysplasia (HD) screening. The aims of this study were to evaluate femoral parallelism on normal ventrodorsal hip extended (VDHE) view and the effect of femoral angulation (FA) on Norberg Angle (NA) and Hip Congruency Index (HCI). The femoral parallelism was evaluated comparing the alignment of the long femoral axis with the long body axis in normal VDHE views and the effect of FA on NA and HCI on repeated VDHE views with different levels of FA. The femoral long axis in normal VDHE views showed a ranged of FA from -4.85° to 5.85°, mean ± standard deviation (SD) of -0.06 ± 2.41°, 95% CI [-4.88, 4.76°]. In the paired views, the mean ± SD femur adduction of 3.69 ± 1.96° led to a statistically significant decrease NA, and HCI, and femur abduction of 2.89 ± 2.12 led to a statistically significant increase in NA and HCI (p < 0.05). The FA differences were also significantly correlated with both NA differences (r = 0.83) and HCI differences (r = 0.44) (p < 0.001). This work describes a methodology that allows evaluation of femoral parallelism in VDHE views and the results suggest that femur abduction yielded more desirable NA and HCI values and adduction impaired NA and HCI values. The positive linear association of FA with NA and HCI allows the use of regression equations to create corrections, to reduce the influence of poor femoral parallelism in the HD scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Franco-Gonçalo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lio Gonçalves
- Department of Engineering, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leite
- Neadvance Machine Vision SA, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Fintan McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nahla MA, Berry CR, Mostafa AA. Radiographic quantification of the normal and near-normal coxofemoral conformation in Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds: a comparative study. Ir Vet J 2023; 76:6. [PMID: 36843082 PMCID: PMC9969641 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-023-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a multifactorial disease affecting large breed dogs with associated joint laxity and incongruity that predisposes them to osteoarthritis. The purpose of the study is to objectively compare the conformation of normal and near-normal coxofemoral joints (CFJS) in Labrador Retrievers versus German Shepherds on the extended ventrodorsal radiograph. Investigated groups were categorized as normal and near-normal CFJS according to the morphometric criteria established by the FCI scoring system. Center-edge (CE) angle, Norberg angle (NA), indices of dorsal AFH coverage width and area, acetabular slope (AS) angle, and inclination angle were determined for each group. CE angle and AS angle were modified from previously described human techniques. The width and area of dorsal AFH coverage were standardized by the corresponding femoral head diameter and area. Variables were compared between groups using an unpaired, two-tailed t-test. A Spearman correlation coefficient determined the relationship between selected variables. RESULTS In Labradors, CE angle (lateral coverage) and dorsal AFH coverage area index (dorsal coverage) were greater in normal versus near-normal CFJS. In German Shepherds, lateral AFH coverage (CE angle and NA) was greater in normal versus near-normal hip joints; whereas, dorsal AFH coverage did not differ between the two groups. Lateral AFH coverage was greater in normal versus near-normal CFJS of both breeds. In Labradors, the inclination angle was greater in near-normal versus normal CFJS. Normal CFJS of Labradors revealed greater lateral and dorsal AFH coverages compared to German Shepherds. Near-normal joints of Labradors showed greater lateral AFH coverage compared to those of German Shepherds; whereas, dorsal AFH coverage did not differ between the two breeds. A steeper acetabular slope angle was noted in normal and near-normal CFJS of German Shepherds compared to Labrador Retrievers. The inclination angle of near-normal joints was greater in Labrador Retrievers compared to German Shepherds. CONCLUSIONS Overall, normal and near-normal CFJS of German Shepherds had lesser AFH coverage and steeper acetabular slope angle compared to Labrador Retrievers. Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds with CE-angles < 27° and < 21.8°, dorsal AFH coverage width indices < 51 and < 49%, and/or dorsal AFH coverage area indices < 53 and < 50%, respectively, may be consistent with CHD. Thus, the authors would recommend excluding subjects with lower values from breeding. Validating the reported measurements is still warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menna A Nahla
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Clifford R Berry
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of MBS, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ayman A Mostafa
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pilli M, Seyrek Intas D, Etikan I, Yigitgor P, Kramer M, Tellhelm B, von Puckler K. The Role of Femoral Head Size and Femoral Head Coverage in Dogs with and without Hip Dysplasia. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020120. [PMID: 36851424 PMCID: PMC9961810 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of hip dysplasia in dogs is still current and preoccupies both animal owners and veterinarians. Major factors affecting the development of the disorder are hip laxity and incongruent joints. Many studies on etiology, pathogenesis, and early diagnosis have been performed to reduce prevalence and select healthy dogs for breeding. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible relationship between dysplasia and femoral head area (FHA), femoral coverage by the acetabulum (CFH) and cranio-caudal distance of the dorsal acetabular rim (CrCdAR). Radiographs of a total of 264 skeletally mature dogs with similar physical characteristics (German wirehaired pointers (GWP), German shepherd dogs (GSD) and Labrador retrievers (LAB)) presented for routine hip dysplasia screening were recruited for the study. FHA, CFH and CrCdAR were measured and related to dysplasia status. Evaluations of FHA (p = 0.011), CFH (p < 0.001) and CrCdAR length (p = 0.003) measurements revealed significant interactions between breed, sex and FCI scores, so they had to be assessed separately. The results revealed that FHA tends to decrease as the hip dysplasia score worsens. There was no significant relationship between FHA and dysplasia assessment. FHA is breed-specific and is larger in normal and near-normal male (p = 0.001, p = 0.020) and female (p = 0.001, p = 0.013) GWP compared to GSD, respectively. FHA is greater in normal male GWP (p = 0.011) and GSD (p = 0.040) compared to females. There was a significant and strong positive correlation between FHA and CrCdAR in all breeds and sexes. Additionally, FCI scoring had a medium (GWP, GSD) to strong (LAB) negative correlation with CFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Pilli
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Near East Avenue, Nicosia 99010, Turkey
| | - Deniz Seyrek Intas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Near East Avenue, Nicosia 99010, Turkey
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-392-6751000 (ext. 3155) or +90-533-8564912
| | - Ilker Etikan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Near East Avenue, Nicosia 99010, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yigitgor
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, Nilufer, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Martin Kramer
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Tellhelm
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin von Puckler
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Franco-Gonçalo P, Moreira da Silva D, Leite P, Alves-Pimenta S, Colaço B, Ferreira M, Gonçalves L, Filipe V, McEvoy F, Ginja M. Acetabular Coverage Area Occupied by the Femoral Head as an Indicator of Hip Congruency. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172201. [PMID: 36077921 PMCID: PMC9454438 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate radiographic screening evaluation is essential in the genetic control of canine HD, however, the qualitative assessment of hip congruency introduces some subjectivity, leading to excessive variability in scoring. The main objective of this work was to validate a method-Hip Congruency Index (HCI)-capable of objectively measuring the relationship between the acetabulum and the femoral head and associating it with the level of congruency proposed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), with the aim of incorporating it into a computer vision model that classifies HD autonomously. A total of 200 dogs (400 hips) were randomly selected for the study. All radiographs were scored in five categories by an experienced examiner according to FCI criteria. Two examiners performed HCI measurements on 25 hip radiographs to study intra- and inter-examiner reliability and agreement. Additionally, each examiner measured HCI on their half of the study sample (100 dogs), and the results were compared between FCI categories. The paired t-test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed no evidence of a systematic bias, and there was excellent reliability between the measurements of the two examiners and examiners’ sessions. Hips that were assigned an FCI grade of A (n = 120), B (n = 157), C (n = 68), D (n = 38) and E (n = 17) had a mean HCI of 0.739 ± 0.044, 0.666 ± 0.052, 0.605 ± 0.055, 0.494 ± 0.070 and 0.374 ± 0.122, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.01). Therefore, these results show that HCI is a parameter capable of estimating hip congruency and has the potential to enrich conventional HD scoring criteria if incorporated into an artificial intelligence algorithm competent in diagnosing HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Franco-Gonçalo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moreira da Silva
- School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leite
- Neadvance Machine Vision SA, 4705-002 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Lio Gonçalves
- School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Filipe
- School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fintan McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santana A, Alves-Pimenta S, Franco-Gonçalo P, Gonçalves L, Martins J, Colaço B, Ginja M. Early hip laxity screening and later canine hip dysplasia development. Vet World 2022; 15:679-684. [PMID: 35497953 PMCID: PMC9047119 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.679-684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Passive hip laxity (PHL) is considered the primary risk factor for canine hip dysplasia (HD) and is estimated, in stress hip radiographs, using the distraction index (DI). The study aimed to associate the early PHL using the hip Distractor of University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (DisUTAD) and the late HD grades. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 dogs (82 hips) were submitted to a follow-up study. First, between 4 and 12 months of age, dogs were radiographed using the DisUTAD hip distractor and were determined the DI for each hip joint. Then, after 12 months of age, dogs were reevaluated for HD using the conventional hip ventrodorsal projection and hips were evaluated for HD using the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) scoring system. Results: Hips of dogs’ in the second examination with FCI grades of A (n=28), B (n=11), C (n=22), and D and E (n=21) had an early DI of 0.32±0.1, 0.38±0.08, 0.50±0.12, and 0.64±0.11, respectively. Statistical analysis using the general linear model univariate, with the DI as dependent variable and the FCI grades, side and sex as fixed factors, and the post hoc Bonferroni correction test showed significant differences among FCI grades (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results show the association between early DI and the late FCI HD grades and the DisUTAD is recommended for the early canine HD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal; CECAV Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- CECAV Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Franco-Gonçalo
- CECAV Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lio Gonçalves
- Department of Engineering, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; INESC-TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal; CECAV Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- CECAV Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Ginja
- CECAV Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; AL4AnimalS - Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mostafa AA, Nahla MA, Ali KM, Berry CR. Modified FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Scoring of the Coxofemoral Joint in Labrador Retrievers Without and With Hip Dysplasia. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:800237. [PMID: 35372531 PMCID: PMC8971752 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.800237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to propose a modified FCI scoring protocol of the canine hip joint via: (1) providing morphometric criteria of each score; (2) quantifying the extent of lateral and dorsal acetabular femoral head (AFH) coverage; (3) evaluating the steepness of cranial acetabular edge (acetabular index angle) and inclination angle (IA) in normal and dysplastic coxofemoral joints of Labrador Retrievers. The long-term goal is to achieve a selective breeding protocol using parental phenotypically healthy coxofemoral joints based on the standard extended-leg VD radiograph to help reduce the prevalence of CHD among offspring. Investigated populations were classified into normal (grade A) and dysplastic coxofemoral joints (grades B to E) based on the morphometric criteria previously established by the conventional FCI scoring system. Center-edge (CE) angle, Norberg angle (NA), indices of dorsal AFH coverage width and area, acetabular index angle, and inclination angle were determined for each group. Variables were compared between groups using ANOVA. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear relationship between selected variables. Overall, all radiographic measurements differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among the five tested groups using ANOVA test. Dorsal AFH coverage area index was the only measure that differed significantly (P ≤ 0.007) between every two consecutive groups using Tukey's test. Significant correlations were identified between the Norberg and CE angles (r s = 0.95, P < 0.0001), the width and area of dorsal AFH coverage (r s = 0.96, P < 0.0001), and the radiographic techniques utilized to assess lateral vs. dorsal AFH coverage (r s ≥ 0.80, P < 0.0001). Evaluation of CE-angle, dorsal AFH coverage area index and acetabular index angle is recommended during selective breeding to include parents with radiographically healthy joints and reduce the incidence of hip dysplasia among offspring. Dogs with CE-angle <27°, dorsal AFH coverage area index <53%, and/or acetabular index angle >9° may be consistent with hip dysplasia and are recommended to be excluded from potential breeding groups. Re-evaluation of coxofemoral joints with borderline values located between near-normal and mildly dysplastic coxofemoral joints is strongly recommended to be performed after 6 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Mostafa
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Menna A. Nahla
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Ali
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Clifford R. Berry
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of MBS, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang L, Li Z, Hayward JJ, Hayashi K, Krotscheck U, Todhunter RJ, Tang Y, Huang M. Genomic Prediction of Two Complex Orthopedic Traits Across Multiple Pure and Mixed Breed Dogs. Front Genet 2021; 12:666740. [PMID: 34630503 PMCID: PMC8492927 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL) are two complex inherited orthopedic traits of dogs. These two traits may occur concurrently in the same dog. Genomic prediction of these two diseases would benefit veterinary medicine, the dog’s owner, and dog breeders because of their high prevalence, and because both traits result in painful debilitating osteoarthritis in affected joints. In this study, 842 unique dogs from 6 breeds with hip and stifle phenotypes were genotyped on a customized Illumina high density 183 k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and also analyzed using an imputed dataset of 20,487,155 SNPs. To implement genomic prediction, two different statistical methods were employed: Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) and a Bayesian method called BayesC. The cross-validation results showed that the two methods gave similar prediction accuracy (r = 0.3–0.4) for CHD (measured as Norberg angle) and RCCL in the multi-breed population. For CHD, the average correlation of the AUC was 0.71 (BayesC) and 0.70 (GBLUP), which is a medium level of prediction accuracy and consistent with Pearson correlation results. For RCCL, the correlation of the AUC was slightly higher. The prediction accuracy of GBLUP from the imputed genotype data was similar to the accuracy from DNA array data. We demonstrated that the genomic prediction of CHD and RCCL with DNA array genotype data is feasible in a multiple breed population if there is a genetic connection, such as breed, between the reference population and the validation population. Albeit these traits have heritability of about one-third, higher accuracy is needed to implement in a natural population and predicting a complex phenotype will require much larger number of dogs within a breed and across breeds. It is possible that with higher accuracy, genomic prediction of these orthopedic traits could be implemented in a clinical setting for early diagnosis and treatment, and the selection of dogs for breeding. These results need continuous improvement in model prediction through ongoing genotyping and data sharing. When genomic prediction indicates that a dog is susceptible to one of these orthopedic traits, it should be accompanied by clinical and radiographic screening at an acceptable age with appropriate follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jiang
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Jessica J Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - You Tang
- Electrical and Information Engineering College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Imaging diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia with and without human exposure to ionizing radiation. Vet J 2021; 276:105745. [PMID: 34464723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hip dysplasia (HD) is one of the most common hereditary orthopaedic diseases in dogs, with serious implications for the quality of life of the affected animals. Radiographic screening is essential for the selection of breeding stock in some at-risk breeds, and radiography is also used in the diagnosis of clinical HD cases. A definitive diagnosis of HD is based on radiographic examination, and the most commonly used view is the ventrodorsal hip extended projection, sometimes in combination with various hip stress-based techniques. Radiographic images require high quality positioning and dogs are usually anesthetized and often manually restrained to facilitate optimal positioning. The 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA) principle used in human radioprotection is not always fulfilled in veterinary practice, except in the UK, where human exposure to ionizing radiation in veterinary medicine is strictly regulated. While each dose of ionizing radiation is small, doses accumulate over a lifetime, which can eventually result in substantial radiation exposure. Therefore, manual restraint should be avoided and mechanical immobilization, sedation or general anaesthesia should be used. This review examines the biological effects of human exposure to ionizing radiation and common sources of veterinary exposure. The diagnostic quality of imaging methods for the diagnosis of canine HD is compared between manually restrained and hands-free dog positioning. Hands-free radiographic techniques are available to assess hip laxity, degenerative joint changes and hip osseous structure while preserving image quality, and can be used to select animals for breeding or for the diagnosis of HD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Klever J, Brühschwein A, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Distraction index and Norberg angle to distinguish dysplastic and non-dysplastic hips based on FCI score. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2020; 48:250-258. [PMID: 32823349 DOI: 10.1055/a-1213-4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiographic hip scoring according to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and PennHIP (Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program) method was performed with the purpose to compare the PennHIP and FCI results as well as coxofemoral joint laxity by correlation of Norberg angle and distraction index measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 167 dogs of various breeds presented for official screening examination in a veterinary teaching hospital in Germany were included. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the best Norberg angle and distraction index cut-off values to distinguish between dysplastic and non-dysplastic groups based on FCI grades and to distinguish between lax and tight hip joints according to the PennHIP proposal were calculated. RESULTS More than one third (38.2 %) of dogs that passed the breeding criterions according to FCI (grades A and B) were in the half of the population with lax hip joints and should not be used for breeding according to the PennHIP proposal. A cut-off value for the distraction index of 0.44 with sensitivity of 82.7 % and specificity of 84.2 % was superior to the best cut-off value for the Norberg angle at 101.8° with sensitivity of 82.7 % and specificity of 71.9 % to discriminate between non-dysplastic joints (A, B) and dysplastic joints (C, D, E). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results show a limited impact of laxity on the FCI grading. Breeding selection processes that are based on the FCI method could profit by an additional and complementary use of the distraction index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Klever
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich
| | - Andreas Brühschwein
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alves-Pimenta S, Santana A, Martins J, Colaço B, Gonçalves L, Ginja M. Distraction index measurement on the dog's hip joint using a dedicated software. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of a new automated computer software tool for the assessment of passive hip laxity. The hip laxity was estimated using the dedicated computer software by two blinded evaluators, one previously trained and one without specific training for distraction index measurement, in two independent sessions using 230 hip joints from 115 dogs that underwent screening for passive hip laxity using the distraction view. Previously, all of these radiographs were sent to PennHIP Analysis Center for an official distraction index record. The measurement repeatability of the two sessions was adequate for both evaluators. The reproducibility of the official distraction index measurement, mean distraction index±standard deviation 0.44±0.15, was adequate (P>0.05) for the trained evaluator, 0.44±0.15, and non-adequate (P<0.05), for the non-trained evaluator 0.47±0.17. The distraction index measurement tool proposed can be used with confidence for hip laxity evaluation by trained evaluators, as it provided good repeatability and reproducibility of official reports. The simplicity of the process described leads to a less time-consuming and more affordable procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Alves-Pimenta
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - A. Santana
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; Lusófona University, Portugal
| | - J. Martins
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; Lusófona University, Portugal
| | - B. Colaço
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - L. Gonçalves
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Portugal
| | - M. Ginja
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santana A, Alves-Pimenta S, Martins J, Colaço B, Ginja M. Hands-Free Conventional Radiographic Ventrodorsal Hip Extended View. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:286. [PMID: 32587864 PMCID: PMC7297906 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hip dysplasia (HD) is an important hereditary orthopedic disease in the dog associated with osteoarthritis and inadequate welfare for affected animals. The radiographic ventrodorsal hip extended (VDHE) view is used worldwide to select the better animals for breeding. This view normally is performed with manual restraining of the dog to obtain radiographs with acceptable technical quality. The veterinarian exposition to ionizing radiation is inevitable. In this study, the technical quality of VDHE radiographs and hip measurements was compared in 65 dogs radiographed twice, one with the common veterinarian manual restraining and the other obtained using a hind limb holder device, without the veterinarian within the X-ray room. The variables studied were pelvic tilting, patella displacement index, Norberg angle (NA), and subluxation hip category. The results showed a random distribution of right and left pelvic tilting, patella lateral or medial displacement, and hip subluxation categories in both samples (P > 0.05). The holder device positioning showed a better pelvic symmetry (P < 0.05) and a similar patellar displacement (P > 0.05). The mean ± standard deviation of NA was 101.1° ± 6.2° and 100.9° ± 6.1° in the manual and holder device hind limb restraining, respectively (P > 0.05), and the lower limit of 95% confidence interval of intraclass correlation coefficient was >0.75. These results showed statistical reproducibility of NA measurements by the hind limb holder device, and the examiner was protected from exposure to ionizing radiation within the X-ray room.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Ginja
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jenkins PL, James DR, White JD, Black AP, Fearnside SM, Marchevsky AM, Miller AJ, Cashmore RG. Assessment of the medium- to long-term radiographically confirmed outcome for juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia treated with double pelvic osteotomy. Vet Surg 2020; 49:685-693. [PMID: 32170777 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the medium- to long-term radiographically confirmed outcomes in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia (HD) that did and did not undergo double pelvic osteotomy (DPO). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-controlled. ANIMALS Twenty-six dogs with HD that were candidates for DPO; 22 dogs underwent DPO (16 bilateral, six unilateral); four dogs did not. METHODS Initial and follow-up radiographs of DPO candidates (2011-2017) that did and did not undergo surgery were reviewed, and the British Veterinary Association and Kennel Club Hip Dysplasia Scheme score (BVA-HD), osteoarthritis score (OAS) and laxity index score (LI) were determined. Baseline and follow-up BVA-HD, OAS, and change in radiographically confirmed scores were compared by using analysis of variance for correlated samples. RESULTS There was no significant difference in BVA-HD or OAS between surgically treated and nonsurgically treated cohorts at baseline. Follow-up radiographs (median, 49 months) revealed that most (34/38) hips had a BVA-HD ≤10 after DPO, while four of eight hips from the nonsurgical cohort had BVA-HD >10. Follow-up BVA-HD and OAS were lower in hips after surgery (BVA-HD median 2.15, interquartile range [Q1-Q3] 1.3-4.1; OAS median 1.9, Q1-Q3 1.1-4.1) compared with the nonsurgically treated cohort (BVA-HD median 11.4, Q1-Q3 8.1-17.5, P < .01; OAS median 7.0, Q1-Q3 5.1-13.4, P < .01). Seven hips with an LI >1 had no radiographically confirmed progression of osteoarthritis after DPO. CONCLUSION Double pelvic osteotomy prevented radiographically confirmed progression of osteoarthritis in the medium- to long-term. Laxity index score > 1 was not a contraindication for DPO in this study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Double pelvic osteotomy prevents progression of radiographically confirmed features of osteoarthritis in juvenile dogs with HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Jenkins
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel R James
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna D White
- Medicine Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony P Black
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen M Fearnside
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew M Marchevsky
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda J Miller
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ricky G Cashmore
- Surgery Department, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ohlerth S, Geiser B, Flückiger M, Geissbühler U. Prevalence of Canine Hip Dysplasia in Switzerland Between 1995 and 2016-A Retrospective Study in 5 Common Large Breeds. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:378. [PMID: 31709271 PMCID: PMC6821640 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a genetic disease, modulated by epigenetic and environmental factors. To decrease the prevalence of CHD, the hip joints of many pure breed dogs are radiographed to identify dysplastic dogs not qualified for breeding. It has been shown that both, prevalence and severity of CHD may be reduced on the basis of phenotypic i.e., radiographic selection of breeding animals. The method has been used in many countries for over 50 years. In the present study, severity and prevalence of CHD in five common large breeds in Switzerland were evaluated since 1995. Both, prevalence and severity of CHD dropped in each breed between the periods 1995-1999 and 2010-2016. The prevalence decreased in Golden Retrievers from 25 to 9% and in Labrador Retrievers from 16 to 3%, respectively. In the Flat-Coated Retriever, prevalence in general was low, decreasing from 6 to 3%. In the Bernese mountain dog and the German shepherd dog, a decrease from 21 to 12% and from 46 to 18%, respectively, was observed. However, the rather low overall rate of radiographed dogs (Retrievers: 11 to 18%, Bernese Mountain dogs: 23% and German Shepherd dogs: 31%) does not allow to draw reliable conclusions regarding the true prevalence of CHD for the entire population of these breeds in Switzerland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ohlerth
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Services and Diagnostics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Geiser
- Section of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Flückiger
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Services and Diagnostics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Geissbühler
- Section of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Edwards SM, Woolliams JA, Hickey JM, Blott SC, Clements DN, Sánchez-Molano E, Todhunter RJ, Wiener P. Joint Genomic Prediction of Canine Hip Dysplasia in UK and US Labrador Retrievers. Front Genet 2018; 9:101. [PMID: 29643866 PMCID: PMC5883867 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia, a debilitating orthopedic disorder that leads to osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration, is common in several large-sized dog breeds and shows moderate heritability suggesting that selection can reduce prevalence. Estimating genomic breeding values require large reference populations, which are expensive to genotype for development of genomic prediction tools. Combining datasets from different countries could be an option to help build larger reference datasets without incurring extra genotyping costs. Our objective was to evaluate genomic prediction based on a combination of UK and US datasets of genotyped dogs with records of Norberg angle scores, related to canine hip dysplasia. Prediction accuracies using a single population were 0.179 and 0.290 for 1,179 and 242 UK and US Labrador Retrievers, respectively. Prediction accuracies changed to 0.189 and 0.260, with an increased bias of genomic breeding values when using a joint training set (biased upwards for the US population and downwards for the UK population). Our results show that in this study of canine hip dysplasia, little or no benefit was gained from using a joint training set as compared to using a single population as training set. We attribute this to differences in the genetic background of the two populations as well as the small sample size of the US dataset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Edwards
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - John A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - John M Hickey
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Blott
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan N Clements
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Sánchez-Molano
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Pamela Wiener
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A structural numerical model for the optimization of double pelvic osteotomy in the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-05-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBackground: Double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) planning is usually performed by hip palpation, and on radiographic images which give a poor representation of the complex three-dimensional manoeuvre required during surgery. Furthermore, bone strains which play a crucial role cannot be foreseen.Objective: To support surgeons and designers with biomechanical guidelines through a virtual model that would provide bone stress and strain, required moments, and three-dimensional measurements.Methods: A multibody numerical model for kinematic analyses has been coupled to a finite element model for stress/strain analysis on deformable bodies. The model was parametrized by the fixation plate angle, the iliac osteotomy angle, and the plate offset in ventro-dorsal direction. Model outputs were: acetabular ventro-version (VV) and lateralization (L), Norberg (NA) and dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) angles, the percentage of acetabular coverage (PC), the peak bone stress, and moments required to deform the pelvis.Results: Over 150 combinations of cited parameters and their respective outcome were analysed. Curves reporting NA and PC versus VV were traced for the given patient. The optimal VV range in relation to NA and PC limits was established. The 25° DPO plate results were the most similar to 20° TPO. The output L grew for positive iliac osteotomy inclinations. The 15° DPO plate was critical in relation to DAR, while very large VV could lead to bone failure.Clinical significance: Structural models can be a support to the study and optimization of DPO as they allow for foreseeing geometrical and structural outcomes of surgical choices.ORCID iDALA: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-3630AV: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-7822CB: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-2552EZ: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-6126MT: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-6009
Collapse
|