1
|
van Roon A, Madouasse A, Toft N, Santman-Berends I, Gethmann J, Eze J, Humphry R, Graham D, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo M, Nielen M, More S, Mercat M, Fourichon C, Sauter-Louis C, Frössling J, Ågren E, Gunn G, Henry M, van Schaik G. Output-based Assessment of Herd-level Freedom From Infection in Endemic Situations: Application of a Bayesian Hidden Markov Model. Prev Vet Med 2022; 204:105662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Santman-Berends IMGA, Mars MH, Weber MF, van Duijn L, Waldeck HWF, Biesheuvel MM, van den Brink KMJA, Dijkstra T, Hodnik JJ, Strain SAJ, de Roo A, Veldhuis AMB, van Schaik G. Control and Eradication Programs for Non-EU Regulated Cattle Diseases in the Netherlands. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:670419. [PMID: 34490388 PMCID: PMC8418201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.670419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the European Union, infectious cattle diseases are categorized in the Animal Health Law. No strict EU regulations exist for control, evidence of disease freedom, and surveillance of diseases listed other than categories A and B. Consequently, EU member states follow their own varying strategies for disease control. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the control and eradication programs (CPs) for six cattle diseases in the Netherlands between 2009 and 2019 and to highlight characteristics specific to the Dutch situation. All of these diseases were listed as C,D or E in the New Animal Health Law. In the Netherlands, CPs are in place for six endemic cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, salmonellosis, paratuberculosis, leptospirosis, and neosporosis. These CPs have been tailored to the specific situation in the Netherlands: a country with a high cattle density, a high rate of animal movements, a strong dependence on export of dairy products, and a high-quality data-infrastructure. The latter specifically applies to the dairy sector, which is the leading cattle sector in the Netherlands. When a herd enters a CP, generally the within-herd prevalence of infection is estimated in an initial assessment. The outcome creates awareness of the infection status of a herd and also provides an indication of the costs and time to achieve the preferred herd status. Subsequently, the herd enrolls in the control phase of the CP to, if present, eliminate the infection from a herd and a surveillance phase to substantiate the free or low prevalence status over time. The high-quality data infrastructure that results in complete and centrally registered census data on cattle movements provides the opportunity to design CPs while minimizing administrative efforts for the farmer. In the CPs, mostly routinely collected samples are used for surveillance. Where possible, requests for proof of the herd status are sent automatically. Automated detection of risk factors for introduction of new animals originating from a herd without the preferred herd status i.e., free or unsuspected, is in place using centrally registered data. The presented overview may inspire countries that want to develop cost-effective CPs for endemic diseases that are not (yet) regulated at EU level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M G A Santman-Berends
- Department of Research and Development, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M H Mars
- Department of Research and Development, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - M F Weber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cattle Health, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - L van Duijn
- Department of Cattle Health, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - H W F Waldeck
- Department of Cattle Health, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - M M Biesheuvel
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - T Dijkstra
- Department of Cattle Health, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - J J Hodnik
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S A J Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - A de Roo
- Department of Cattle Health, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - A M B Veldhuis
- Department of Research and Development, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - G van Schaik
- Department of Research and Development, Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hodnik JJ, Acinger-Rogić Ž, Alishani M, Autio T, Balseiro A, Berezowski J, Carmo LP, Chaligiannis I, Conrady B, Costa L, Cvetkovikj I, Davidov I, Dispas M, Djadjovski I, Duarte EL, Faverjon C, Fourichon C, Frössling J, Gerilovych A, Gethmann J, Gomes J, Graham D, Guelbenzu M, Gunn GJ, Henry MK, Hopp P, Houe H, Irimia E, Ježek J, Juste RA, Kalaitzakis E, Kaler J, Kaplan S, Kostoulas P, Kovalenko K, Kneževič N, Knific T, Koleci X, Madouasse A, Malakauskas A, Mandelik R, Meletis E, Mincu M, Mõtus K, Muñoz-Gómez V, Niculae M, Nikitović J, Ocepek M, Tangen-Opsal M, Ózsvári L, Papadopoulos D, Papadopoulos T, Pelkonen S, Polak MP, Pozzato N, Rapaliuté E, Ribbens S, Niza-Ribeiro J, Roch FF, Rosenbaum Nielsen L, Saez JL, Nielsen SS, van Schaik G, Schwan E, Sekovska B, Starič J, Strain S, Šatran P, Šerić-Haračić S, Tamminen LM, Thulke HH, Toplak I, Tuunainen E, Verner S, Vilček Š, Yildiz R, Santman-Berends IMGA. Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:688078. [PMID: 34395571 PMCID: PMC8361752 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.688078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for selected cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A selected cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other diseases to further improve the health status of cattle in their country. The control of the selected cattle diseases is very heterogenous in Europe. Therefore, the standardising of the outputs of these programmes to enable comparison represents a challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Jakob Hodnik
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žaklin Acinger-Rogić
- Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mentor Alishani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Albania
| | - Tiina Autio
- Finnish Food Authority, Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Animal Health Department, University of León, León, Spain.,Animal Health Department, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-University of León, León, Spain
| | - John Berezowski
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Chaligiannis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lina Costa
- Department of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Iskra Cvetkovikj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Ivana Davidov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Igor Djadjovski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Elsa Leclerc Duarte
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jenny Frössling
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Jörn Gethmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Animal Health and Production Unit, National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Ireland
| | | | - George J Gunn
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine K Henry
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Petter Hopp
- Section of Epidemiology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Houe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Irimia
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Jožica Ježek
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Kalaitzakis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jasmeet Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Selcuk Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public and One (Integrated) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Kaspars Kovalenko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Lifesciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Nada Kneževič
- Podravka Food Industry, Research and Development, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Tanja Knific
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Alvydas Malakauskas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rene Mandelik
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public and One (Integrated) Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Madalina Mincu
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Kerli Mõtus
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Violeta Muñoz-Gómez
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jelena Nikitović
- Institute for Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - László Ózsvári
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sinikka Pelkonen
- Finnish Food Authority, Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Nicola Pozzato
- Laboratorio di Medicina Forense Veterinaria, Struttura Complessa Territoriale 1 - Verona e Vicenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eglé Rapaliuté
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - João Niza-Ribeiro
- Department of Population Studies, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Luis Saez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | | | - Blagica Sekovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Skopje, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sam Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Šatran
- State Veterinary Administration, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sabina Šerić-Haračić
- Animal Health Economics Department, Veterinary Faculty of the University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Hans-Hermann Thulke
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Sharon Verner
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United Kingdom
| | - Štefan Vilček
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Inge M G A Santman-Berends
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hostnik P, Černe D, Mrkun J, Starič J, Toplak I. Review of Infections With Bovine Herpesvirus 1 in Slovenia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:676549. [PMID: 34277755 PMCID: PMC8281293 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.676549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1950s, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) disease was clinically detected and documented in cattle for the first time in Slovenia. The bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) was confirmed several times from infected herds by virus isolation on cell cultures. To keep the IC virus-free, high biosecurity measures were introduced. Before entering the IC, all calves are serologically tested and quarantined. Bulls in Slovenian insemination centres (IC) have been negative for IBR /IPV infection since 1979. From 1985 to 1991, few large-scale studies of the prevalence of IBR/IPV were carried out. In 1985, a high percentage (56.9%) of serologically positive animals were found in large state farms with Holstein Friesian cattle. Epidemiological studies in farm with bulls' mother herds were also carried out in the farms with Simmental and Brown cows. Antibodies against BoHV-1 were detected in the serum of 2.3% of Brown cattle and 3.5% of Simmental cattle. In the year 2000, 3.4% of bulk tank milk samples from 13,349 dairy farms were detected BoHV-1 antibodies positive. The highest percentage of positive animals was found in regions with an intensive grazing system (6.2% positive) and the lowest percentage in the east part of Slovenia (0.9% positive) on farms with mostly Simmental cattle. In 2006, a total 204,662 sera of cattle older than 24 months were tested for the presence of BoHV-1 antibodies and positive cattle were detected in 3.6% of tested farms. These farms kept 34,537 animals that were potential carriers of the BoHV-1. Most of the positive farms kept Holstein Friesian cattle, descendants from the state-owned farms, which were privatised or closed after 1990. In 2015, the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary and Plant Protection issued a rule that describes the conditions for granting and maintaining the status of BoHV-1 free holdings. The rule provides a voluntary control programme for breeders who want to obtain BoHV-1 free status and are willing to cover all the cost of acquiring and maintaining that status. There has been very little response from breeders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hostnik
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology-Virology Unit, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Černe
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology-Virology Unit, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Mrkun
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals-Clinic for Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals-Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Toplak
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology-Virology Unit, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Roon AM, Rapaliute E, Koleci X, Muñoz V, Mercat M, Faverjon C, Santman-Berends IMGA, Nielen M, More SJ, Graham D, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo M, Madouasse A, Fourichon C, van Schaik G. Key Learnings During the Development of a Generic Data Collection Tool to Support Assessment of Freedom of Infection in Cattle Herds. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:656336. [PMID: 33981745 PMCID: PMC8107354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.656336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various European Member States have implemented control or eradication programmes for endemic infectious diseases in cattle. The design of these programmes varies between countries and therefore comparison of the outputs of different control programmes is complex. Although output-based methods to estimate the confidence of freedom resulting from these programmes are under development, as yet there is no practical modeling framework applicable to a variety of infectious diseases. Therefore, a data collection tool was developed to evaluate data availability and quality and to collect actual input data required for such a modeling framework. The aim of the current paper is to present the key learnings from the process of the development of this data collection tool. The data collection tool was developed by experts from two international projects: STOC free (Surveillance Tool for Outcome-based Comparison of FREEdom from infection, www.stocfree.eu) and SOUND control (Standardizing OUtput-based surveillance to control Non-regulated Diseases of cattle in the EU, www.sound-control.eu). Initially a data collection tool was developed for assessment of freedom of bovine viral diarrhea virus in six Western European countries. This tool was then further generalized to enable inclusion of data for other cattle diseases i.e., infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and Johne's disease. Subsequently, the tool was pilot-tested by a Western and Eastern European country, discussed with animal health experts from 32 different European countries and further developed for use throughout Europe. The developed online data collection tool includes a wide range of variables that could reasonably influence confidence of freedom, including those relating to cattle demographics, risk factors for introduction and characteristics of disease control programmes. Our results highlight the fact that data requirements for different cattle diseases can be generalized and easily included in a data collection tool. However, there are large differences in data availability and comparability across European countries, presenting challenges to the development of a standardized data collection tool and modeling framework. These key learnings are important for development of any generic data collection tool for animal disease control purposes. Further, the results can facilitate development of output-based modeling frameworks that aim to calculate confidence of freedom from disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika M. van Roon
- Unit Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Egle Rapaliute
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | | | | | - Inge M. G. A. Santman-Berends
- Unit Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Nielen
- Unit Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simon J. More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick-on-Shannon, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Unit Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Royal GD, Deventer, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Villaamil FJ, Arnaiz I, Allepuz A, Molins M, Lazaro M, Benavides B, Moya SJ, Fabrega JC, Yus E, Dieguez FJ. A survey of biosecurity measures and serological status for bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 on dairy cattle farms in north-west and north-east Spain. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000399. [PMID: 32995015 PMCID: PMC7497555 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosecurity is a key measure to reduce and prevent the introduction of diseases to farms and minimise spread of diseases within a herd. The aim of the study was to characterise the current application of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms in Spain along with their bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis status. METHODS Data on biosecurity measures for 124 dairy herds were collected using a questionnaire. The sanitary status of these farms for bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was also assessed using antibody ELISA. Data were analysed using multiple correspondence analysis and a two-step cluster analysis. RESULTS Three main clusters of farms were identified: clusters 1 and 2 included herds of small and intermediate sizes. These, particularly cluster 1, showed the most deficiencies in the control of vehicles and visitors. However, laboratory tests were always performed on purchased animals. Cluster 3 had the largest herd sizes, with somewhat better biosecurity control of vehicles and visitors. However, farms in this cluster also purchased the most animals, sometimes without testing, and hired external workers more often. CONCLUSION The study indicated that, in the study population, there are serious shortcomings in the application of biosecurity measures on dairy farms, exposing them to disease transmission. This survey also highlights regional and herd size-related differences in the implementation of biosecurity. Collecting data is an important first step to identification of specific weaknesses in different farm typologies, and an adequate follow-up is needed to ensure that measures are implemented correctly on farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Arnaiz
- Serology, Animal Health and Production Laboratory of Galicia, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Department of Helath ans Animal Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Miquel Molins
- Animal Health Service, Animal Health Laboratory of Catalonia, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mercedes Lazaro
- Dairy Interprofessional Laboratory of Catalonia, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Benavides
- Animal Health Department, Universidad de Nariño, San Juan de Pasto, Colombia
| | - Sebastián J Moya
- Department of Helath ans Animal Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal Fabrega
- Sanidad y Anatomia Animal, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Epidemiologia, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB, IRTA, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Yus
- Institute of Food Analysis and Research, Santiago de Compostela University, Lugo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Dieguez
- Animal Production, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jamin C, Rivière J. Assessment of bovine tuberculosis surveillance effectiveness in French wildlife: An operational approach. Prev Vet Med 2019; 175:104881. [PMID: 31923750 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic, zoonotic, bacterial disease mostly caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which can affect both domestic and wild species. France was officially declared bTB-free in 2001 but faced since 2004 an increase of the prevalence in cattle. Since 2001, bTB has been detected in several wild species: red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and badger (Meles meles). Infected wild species constitute a major threat, because they may contribute to the maintenance of the infection in cattle and prevent eradication. In 2011, a surveillance system, Sylvatub, was implemented nationwide, to monitor the epidemiological status of bTB in mainland France. Our objective in this study was to assess the effectiveness of one of Sylvatub's passive surveillance system components (SSCs), which is based on the visual inspection of hunted animals (wild boars, red and roe deer) throughout mainland France. The following effectiveness criteria were evaluated: individual-level and component group-level positive and negative predictive values, and individual-level and component group-level probabilities of type I error ("false-positive" error) and type II error ("false-negative" error). These criteria were estimated quantitatively, at the scale of the département (a French administrative area of similar size to a county), with a stochastic scenario tree model. Individual negative predictive values were high, whereas individual positive predictive values were poor, whatever the species considered, and the training of hunters did not improve these effectiveness criteria sufficiently. The individual-level probability of type I error was relatively low, but the individual-level probability of type II error was generally high and was therefore an issue. However, increasing the proportion of trained hunters decreased this probability effectively. At group level, the size of the population surveyed had a marked impact on the effectiveness criteria: both the component group-level negative predictive value and the component group-level probability of type II error decreased rapidly with increasing population size. The conclusions drawn from such rationale may directly benefit stakeholders and actors in the field in their day to day practice of the surveillance processes. Thus, the assessment method used in this article presents the advantage of being operational, as well as being applicable to any surveillance system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Jamin
- USC EPIMAI, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Rivière
- USC EPIMAI, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Colitti B, Muratore E, Careddu ME, Bertolotti L, Iotti B, Giacobini M, Profiti M, Nogarol C, Böttcher J, Ponzo A, Facelli R, Rosati S. Field application of an indirect gE ELISA on pooled milk samples for the control of IBR in free and marker vaccinated dairy herds. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:387. [PMID: 30518363 PMCID: PMC6282388 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of a new strategy for monitoring the serological response against Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Bulk milk samples have already been identified as cost effective diagnostic matrices for monitoring purposes. Nevertheless, most eradication programs are still based on individual standard assays. In a region of northwestern Italy (Piedmont), the voluntary eradication program for IBR has become economically unsustainable. Being the prevalence of infection still high, glycoprotein E-deleted marker vaccines are commonly used but gE blocking ELISAs are less sensitive on bulk milk samples compared to blood serum. RESULTS A recently developed indirect gE ELISA showed high versatility when applied to a wide range of matrices. In this study, we applied a faster, cost effective system for the concentration of IgG from pooled milk samples. The IgG enriched fractions were tested using a gE indirect ELISA for monitoring purposes in IBR-positive and IBR-marker-vaccinated herds. Official diagnostic tests were used as gold standard. During a 3 years study, a total 250 herds were involved, including more than 34,500 lactating cows. The proposed method showed a very good agreement with official diagnostic protocols and very good diagnostic performances: only 37 positive animals were not detected across the entire study. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the ability of the proposed method to support the surveillance of IBR in the Piedmont region, reducing the costs without affecting the diagnostic performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira Muratore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Careddu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte della Liguria e della Valle D’Aosta (IZSPLV), 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Bryan Iotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Giacobini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Profiti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Jens Böttcher
- Tiergesundheitsdienst bayern e.V, 85586 Poing, Germany
| | - Andreino Ponzo
- Azienda sanitaria locale Cuneo (ASL CN1), 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Roberto Facelli
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori Piemonte (ARAP), 12020 Madonna dell’Olmo, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ran X, Yang Z, Wen X, Bi Y, Ni H. Preparation of a Monoclonal Antibody Against gD Protein of Bovine Herpesvirus I. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2017; 36:282-286. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Ran
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - HongBo Ni
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|